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Contents
1 General Description
2 Applications of Compactation Grouting
3 Working procedure
4 Quality Control
Preliminary research, Geotechnical considerations and
5 collection of on-site data
6 Improvement conditions. Previous experience
General Description
The method of Static Grouting is based on the injecting of a low mobility mortar into the soil so that
the injected mixture does not flow through the soil and remains concentrated around the injection
point. This mortar is injected at a pressure of up to 40 bar and with a settlement on the Abrams
cone of less than 8 cm, allowing for correct densification. The injected material fills the gaps and
compacts or stabilises the soil surrounding the area treated.
The mortar cement then sets to give it resistance and hardness.
The soil must be displaced during injection without breaking its structure.
Low mobility
mortar
Pump and
mixer
Parameter
register
Boring
equipment
2. Compactation Grouting
The mortar is prepared in the mixer
and injected by pressure into the soil
using a specific pump for this type of
work.
Meanwhile, the grouting piping is
gradually inserted or withdrawn,
creating a column made up of
almost round bulbs that join
together.
3. Compactation by phases
To e n s u r e u n i f o r m s o i l
compactation, grouting is worked
onto a primary and then a
secondary mesh. In the case of
localised treatment, the grouting is
worked at the points and with the
gradients defined by the calculation.
Soil improvement
Improvement of soil with low supporting capacity,
increasing its relative density. Compacting of noncohesive soils, especially those with low or medium
density with alternating hard or cemented layers. It can
be used as an alternative or in addition to pile foundations
or soil improvements using gravel columns.
Cavity filling
In very porous, eroded soils or those with cavities, e.g. in
landfill areas that have not been sufficiently compacted,
areas affected by karstification, soil damaged by the
breakage of water pipes, etc.
The Static Compactation method is especially suitable for the treatment of non-cohesive soils,
particularly those with low to medium densities.
This technical is also used in cohesive soils in order to insert elements of greater resistances and
supporting capacity, thus improving the behaviour of the soil regarding excess loads.
The use of this technique on saturated clays causes a momentary increase in interstitial pressure
and, therefore, can be combined with other techniques.
Techniques
Clay
Silt
Sand
Gravel
Pebbles
Soilcrete/Jet Grouting
Soilfrac/Fracturation grouting
Compactation grouting
Silicate solutions
Micro-cement
Cement suspension
Advantages:
- Possibility of use in specific treatments.
- High output leading to fast installation.
- Wide range of possible applications.
- Possibility of use in a wide variety of soils.
- Application capacity in sites with difficult access and with heavy gauge restrictions.
- Due to previously imposed grouting criteria, no excess mortar consumption is produced.
- The mortar columns do not have to be connected to the footing or the structure.
- Non-destructive treatment compatible with existing foundations.
- Cheap alternative compared with the scaling and replacement of soil or piling.
- Capacity to reach depths out of the range of application of other methods.
- Applications to localised areas with confined strata.
Working procedure
Decide on the details of the site with the client's and/or the owner's experts.
Choice and installation of the movement control points for the structure to be reinforced. The
first reading will be made prior to the boring and grouting work.
Boring is drilled to the required depth, as previously defined during the design stage.
Once the required depth is reached, the mortar is injected, controlling the pressure and the
volume injected into the soil. Once the volume defined in the project for each stage or that
compatible with all grouting criteria has been injected, the rod is withdrawn between 30 and
50 cm to start the next grouting stage.
On certain occasions, boring may be required in reverse direction, i.e. from top to bottom.
The mortar used is made up of sand, cement and plastifying additives.
This entire process consists of the following stages:
Start of grouting
- Normally from bottom to top, although the opposite is
also possible.
- Mortar control and quality is important.
- The pressure and/or volume is normally limited.
Continuing grouting
- Control the pressure, volume and mortar cone.
- The planning of the sequence of treatment points is
extremely important.
Grouting criteria:
The displacement of the soil surrounding the point at which grouting is applied causes earth
movements. The criteria to complete the grouting stage and go onto the next stage are listed
below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
When the injected volume of mortar defined for each stage is reached.
When the maximum pressure indicated in the project specifications is reached.
When mortar circulates through the boring drill.
When the structure or the work platform moves outside the acceptable range established by the
calculations.
5
Quality Control
The quality and suitability of the fresh mortar must be controlled by measuring the settlement on
the Abrams cone. Simple compressive strength will also be checked.
The level of Compactation reached may be controlled using the following parameters,
depending on the objective sought and on the conditions of the soil:
- Assessment of the data collected by the parameter recording system installed in the boring
and grouting equipment.
- Control of movements on the work platform or the structure to ensure the correct working
parameters.
Depending on the type of soil and the improvements sought, the control tests will be defined
and may include:
- Penetrometric tests (CPT, SPT) before and after the grouting process on non-cohesive,
crosshole or other soils.
10
,00
,00
10
8,00
Depth (m)
30
30
Injected section
1,00
15,76
2,00
1,00
2,00
1,501,501,50
BORE HOLE 114 mm
Before treatment
After treatment
The depth, the pressure and the volume of the mortar are continuously
recorded. The consistency of the mortar and the movements of the existing
work platform and structures are continuously controlled.
Replacement rate=
Injection volume
? 5=15% (Normal values)
Volume of soil treated
Experience has shown that the space between treatment points must not exceed 2 or 3m.
The criterion for maximum grouting pressure prevents the soil from breaking and lifting and limits
the volume of mortar grouting.
The vertical grouting stages are normally separated by intervals of between 30 and 100 cm.
A-02-S04
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