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INTRAORAL RADIOGRAPHIC
TECHNIQUES
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COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
Some material in this presentation is
copyrighted. This material is only for
use by students in this course and is
not to be further distributed.
GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS
1. Image unsharpness
2. Image magnification
3. Image shape distortion
UNSHARPNESS
Fuzzy, unsharp margin of
radiographic image.
Penumbra or edge gradient
Rule #1.
Radiation source should be as small as
possible.
Rule #2.
Source-to-object distance should be as
long as possible.
Rule #3.
Object-to-film distance should be as short
as possible.
White SC., Pharoah MJ. Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation, 6th
ed. Copyright 2009, Mosby
Rule #1.
Source-to-object distance should be as
long as possible.
Rule #2.
Object-to-film distance should be as short
as possible.
Rule #1:
Object and film should be parallel.
Rule #2:
Beam should be perpendicular to object
and film.
Foreshortening
Elongation
Goaz PW, White SC. Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation, 2nd ed.
Copyright 1987, Mosby
ANATOMIC ACCURACY
1. Labial and lingual CEJ of anteriors superimposed
2. Buccal and lingual cusps of posteriors superimposed
3. Contacts of teeth opened.
4. Buccal and lingual aspect of alveolar crest superimposed.
5. No superimposition of zygoma over roots
FILM COVERAGE
1. Area of interest shown
2. Periapical coverage (2-4 mm)
3. Supplemental views
PARALLELING TECHNIQUE
1. Film parallel to tooth
increased object-film distance
increased source-film distance
2. Beam perpendicular to tooth/film.
VERTICAL ANGULATION
Intraoral Radiography with Rinn XCP/BAI Instruments. Copyright 1989, Rinn Corp.
HORIZONTAL ANGULATION
Intraoral Radiography with Rinn XCP/BAI Instruments. Copyright 1989, Rinn Corp.
ALIGNMENT OF
BEAM AND FILM
Intraoral Radiography with Rinn XCP/BAI Instruments. Copyright 1989, Rinn Corp.
Miles DA, Van Dis ML, Razmus TF. Basic Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial
Radiology. Copyright 1992, Saunders.
FORESHORTENING
Tooth not parallel to film, and beam
directed perpendicular to film.
ELONGATION
Tooth not parallel to film, and beam
directed perpendicular to tooth.
Improper horizontal
angulation results in
overlapping of contacts.
Improper alignment of
beam and film results in
cone cutting.
BITEWING TECHNIQUE
Crowns, interproximal areas and alveolar bone support
Caries, periodontal condition, calculus, crown margins
Premolar and molar bitewing
BITEWING
TECHNIQUE
Miles DA, Van Dis ML, Razmus TF. Basic Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.
Copyright 1992, Saunders.
RADIOGRAPHIC LOCALIZATION
1. Right angle method
2. Buccal object rule
SLOB same lingual, opposite buccal.
Right Angle
Method
Buccal
Object Rule
Richards AG. Buccal object rule. Dent Radiogr Photogr 1980; 53:37.
Copyright, Eastman Kodak.