INDUSTRY AND GREEN CHEMISTRY: THE

FUTURE IS GREEN

Dr Christopher Smith
Green Chemistry
2302406
Office 905/2
christopher.s@chula.ac.th

DiscussionontherelationshipofGreenChemistrywith
Discussion on the relationship of Green Chemistry with
IndustryandAcademia

ThePresidentialGreenChemistryChallengeAwards

DiscussiononCaseStudies(Winners)
(
)

M h 11th , 2013
March
2

WHY BE CONCERNED ABOUT A GREEN FOCUS IN

INDUSTRY?

OIL PRICES:WHERE TO IN THE FUTURE?

Green Products
Energy
Conservation

Waste
Reduction
New Materials /
Substitutes

Convenience

Feedstock

Reaction

Downstream
Processing

End-Users

The Trends of a Changing World Profoundly

Impact the Chemical Industry as a whole
Regulations,
Environment,
and Health

Emerging
Technology

Global
Warming

Transportation

Urbanization

Next Billion
Customers &
Rise of Asian
Demand

Cheap oil provided the basis for chemical technology

Dependence on oil for products we take for granted
Dependence
Oil is a finite resource

Howcanthe12PrinciplesofGreenChemistrybe
appliedtoindustry?
li d t i d t ?

RAW MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT:: AN INDUSTRIAL TIMELINE

CrudeOil

NaturalGas

PARADIGM
SHIFT?

1800

1850

1900

1950

2000

Renewable
Resources
Coal

2050

Source: Adapted from BASF

USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(USEPA)
US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)

PresidentialGreenChemistryChallengeAwards
Presidential
Green Chemistry Challenge Awards
Programme

Established1996

Promotespollutionpreventionthroughpartnershipswith
thechemicalcommunity
http://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/pubs/pgcc/presgcc.html
7

Promotespollutionpreventionthroughpartnershipswith
Promotes
pollution prevention through partnerships with
thechemicalcommunity

Whatdoesthismean?

Recognitionofinnovationthroughgreenchemistry
Cheaper,smarter,cleanerchemistrybasedonGreenChemistry
d
d
l
ideasandprinciples

ThreeFocusareas:
Three Focus areas:
1.

Useofgreenersyntheticpathways

2.

Useofgreenerreactionconditions

3.

Thedesignofgreenerchemicals

10

GREEN FEEDSTOCKS: ALTERNATIVES TO PETROCHEMICALS

1st generation

Theuseofgreenersyntheticpathways
The use of greener synthetic pathways

Implementingnovelgreenpathwaystonewproductsorexisting
p
products
Usegreenerfeedstocks(renewable)
Usenovelreagentsorcatalysts(includingmicroorganismsand
biocatalysts)
Arenaturalprocesseseg fermentationorbiomimetic
synthesis
Areatomeconomical
Areconvergentsyntheses

Corn Stover

Bagasse1

Cassava
(230)

Corn

Grains

Sugarcane

Sugarbeet

(822)

(1 110)
(1,110)

(1 740)
(1,740)

(230)

2nd generation
(xxx) Global

production
2008 (million
tons)

Ethanol/
Biopolymers
Starch
Sugar/
Sucrose

Ferment
with
Yeast

Cellulose
Biodiesel/
Chemicals

11

Palm

Soy

Rapeseed

(46)2

(210)

(58)

1 By product from sugar production

2 Palm oil volume in 2009

Algae

Jatropha

SOURCE: IEA; USDA FAS; SRI; press; Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA Office of Global Analysis;
US Grain Council; World Agricultural Outlook Board; Statistics Canada

Theuseofgreenerreactionconditions
The use of greener reaction conditions

Thedesignofgreenerchemicals
The design of greener chemicals

Improvingconditionsotherthanoverallsynthesisdesign
p
g
y
g
Replacehazardoussolventswithbenignreactionmedia
Usesolventlessreactionsorsolidstatereactions
Usenovelprocessingmethods
Eliminateenergyintensiveseparation/purifications
I
ffi i
i l d
i
ti
l
t
Improveenergyefficiencyincluderunningreactionscloserto
ambientconditions

Designingchemicalproductsthatarelesshazardousthanthe
g g
p
products/technologiestheyreplace
Lesstoxicitythancurrentproducts
Inherentlysaferwithregardtoaccidentpotential
Recyclableorbiodegradableafteruse
Safer for the atmosphere eg donotcauseozonedepletionor
do not cause ozone depletion or
Saferfortheatmosphereeg
smog

13

14

Biodegradablepolymers

PLA

PHB

Our
Customers
CO2 and Water

PBS

Plants

PLA

Sugar
(dextrose)

Manufacturing

Lactic acid

SMALL BUSINESS

AWARDS
5 YEARLY

SELECTION CRITERIA
ACADEMIC
Science and
Innovation
Originality
Originality
Scientific merit
-peer reviewed?
-scrutiny?
scrutiny?
-enough detail?

INDUSTRY

FOCUS AREA 1
Synthetic pathways

FOCUS AREA 2
Reaction conditions

FOCUS AREA 3
Greener chemicals

H
Human
H
Health
l h and
d
Environmental Benefits
Must offer benefits
-reduce toxicity?
-address safety concern?
reduce hazards?
-reduce
-improve natural resources
use?

A li bilit
Applicability
Significant
Significant impact
-practical?
-cost-effective?
-remedy
remedy a real problem?
-technical innovations?
-transferrable?

17

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18

Casestudies
WinnersoftheGreenChemistryPresidential
Case studiesWinners
of the Green Chemistry Presidential
ChallengeAwards

GroupDiscussion

2008Winner
Battelle
2008 WinnerBattelle

2002AwardNatureworks(PLA)
2007AwardCargill(BiOHpolyols)
2007AwardNovasterilis(SterilisationofTissueusingscCO2)
2009 Award CEM (Protein Tagging)
2009AwardCEM(ProteinTagging)
2011AwardGenomatica(1,4ButanediolProduction)
2012AwardBuckman(EnzymeuseinPaperProduction)

`
`

DevelopmentandCommercializationofBiobasedToner
Commercialsynthetictoner
y
difficulttoremovefrompaperfor
p p
recycling
Soyoil/corncarbohydrateschemicalfeedstockforbiotoners
Inkscandegrade,makingrecyclinglesscostly

25%marketshareby2010

Reduce
CO2 emissions by 360000 tonnes/yr!

19

20

Green Chemistry Metrics

Biomass utilisation

Reduce waste
Reduce energy use

f
2002WinnerPfizer

RedesignofthesyntheticprocessforZoloft(depression
medication)
d
)
3stepsstreamlinedtoonestep(greaterselectivity)
Raw material use cut 60% 45% 20% (methylamine tetralone
Rawmaterialusecut60%,45%,20%(methylamine,tetralone,
mandelicacid)
Replacedsolventsmethylenechloride,THF,toluenewithethanol
l
d
d
l
Eliminates:220000poundsNaOH,330000poundsHClwaste,
970000poundsTiO2 wasteperyear

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REDUCE COST
NEW OPPORTUNITIES
21

Green Chemistry Metrics

22

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Reduce steps

Replace toxics

Reduce waste

`
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Improvedprocessing
Improved processing
Lowercosts
New product lines accessible
Newproductlinesaccessible
Newtechnologyinvestmentopportunities
Worker safety/welfare improvements
Workersafety/welfareimprovements
Publicrelationsvalue(socialstanding)

REDUCE COST
Improve product

Worker safety
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