Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
OCTOBER 2010
LNG
WHAT IS LNG
OCTOBER 2010
LNG
Liquefaction
Shipping
Regasification
~1 USD/MMBtu
~0.4 USD/MMBtu
~0.4 USD/MMBtu
*)
OCTOBER 2010
LNG
*) Depending of heat value
Major suppliers
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
Algeria
Nigeria
Qatar, Oman & UAE
Indonesia & Malaysia
Australia
Trinidad & Tobago
Egypt
12
B
01
A
07
06
02
03
18
05
55
04
36
03
E
04
05
Major suppliers
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
Algeria
Nigeria
Qatar, Oman & UAE
Indonesia & Malaysia
Australia
Trinidad & Tobago
Egypt
D
C
B
01
02
12
36
Middle East
07
06
39
03
E
04
05
800
700
600
500
400
200
100
Gas price
mar-10
jan-10
nov-09
sep-09
jul-09
maj-09
mar-09
jan-09
nov-08
sep-08
jul-08
maj-08
mar-08
jan-08
0
nov-07
300
sep-07
Illustrative
Brent
OCTOBER 2010
LNG
1-6 month
20
600
15
450
10
300
150
2008-01-01
Parity
2008-07-01
Indonisia
2009-01-01
Qatar
2009-07-01
Nigeria
2010-01-01
Australia
EUR/'000 m3
USD/MMBtu
25
2010-07-01
Henry Hub
NBP
OCTOBER 2010
LNG
Security of Supply
Diversity of Supply
Flexibility
OCTOBER 2010
LNG
High
low
OCTOBER 2010
LNG
Source: Ramboll Security of Supply index (RAMSOS)
Substantial investment in
infrastructure
Amber PolLit
Balticconnector
At least one LNG terminal
Strengthening of existing
infrastructure between Baltic
states
Balticconnector
OCTOBER 2010
LNG
HOW IS IT DONE
Thorough planning
Patience
Brave decisions
OCTOBER 2010
LNG
18-24 months
Project award
Construction
36-42 months
First gas
Commissioning
4-6 months
Supplier
negotiations
Business processes
IT systems
Financial and legal
structure
60
Months
OCTOBER 2010
LNG
Note: Assuming a larger scale base load terminal
20
Materials
33
400
Prefabrication
Construction
14
Design & PM
300
14
16
Contingency
200
100
0
0
10
12
Planned terminals
OCTOBER 2010
LNG
Technical/operational issues
Number of suppliers
FOB vs. CIF
Underlying indexation
Rely on spot cargoes
Planning/permitting issues
Financial/structuring issues
Capital structure
Project financing
Strategic partners
Company structure
Special purpose financing (EBRD, EIB
etc.)
OCTOBER 2010
LNG