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Training on GET-Instrumentation
November
2014
Code: PI
Pressure Scales:-
Document Title:
Training on GET-Instrumentation
November
2014
Code: PI
Absolute pressure
Pressure Gauges:Bourdon Tubes:Bourdon tubes are circular-shaped tubes with oval cross sections (refer to
Figure 2). The pressure of the medium acts on the inside of the tube. The
outward pressure on the oval cross section forces it to become rounded.
Because of the curvature of the tube ring, the bourdon tube then bends as
indicated in the direction of the arrow.
Document Title:
Training on GET-Instrumentation
November
2014
Code: PI
Differential Pressure Transmitters:Most pressure transmitters are built around the pressure capsule
concept. They are usually capable of measuring differential pressure (that
is, the difference between a high pressure input and a low pressure input)
and therefore, are usually called DP transmitters or DP cells.
Document Title:
Training on GET-Instrumentation
November
2014
Code: PI
2) Electronic Unit:
The electrical signal generated at the lower chamber by the sensor is in
the range of milli-volt only. This signal is to be amplified to 0-5V or 0-10V
range or is to be converted to 4-20mA for onward transmission to a
remote instrument. This upper housing is the Transmitter portion of the DP
Transmitter which houses the Electronic Unit. See Fig-7 for further
clarifications.
3)2-Wire 4-20mA Current Transmitter:
A DC output current is generated which is directly proportional to the
pressure range of the Differential Pressure Transmitter. The lower range is
Document Title:
Training on GET-Instrumentation
November
2014
Code: PI
4mA, and the upper range is 20mA. This controlled current output is not
affected by load impedance variation and supply voltage fluctuations. This
4-20mA output is superimposed with digital communications of BRAIN or
HART FSK protocol.
Industrial applications of Differential Pressure Transmitters:
There are unlimited industrial applications of Differential Pressure
Transmitters.
Oil and Gas flow metering in onshore, offshore and subsea
applications.
Water and effluent treatment plants. It is largely used to monitor
filters in these plants.
Pressure drops across valves can be monitored.
Pump control monitoring.
More complex pressure transducers include an electronic circuit for
rationalizing the transducer output signal so that there is very little
difference from one transducer to another of the same type. A
temperature compensation circuit is also added to reduce the errors
associated with changes in media temperature. Often the rationalized and
compensated output is then converted to a standardized output signal to
make it universally compatible with end users instrumentation such as
readouts, analog to digital converter cards, programmable logic
controllers and data acquisition cards.
Installation:The pressure gauge should be installed where exposure to heat and
vibration are minimal and where the dial can be easily read. It is also
important to install the gauge in a location with undisturbed and
continuous flow of the pressure medium. It is recommended that an
isolating device, such as a needle valve or gauge cock, be installed
between the process and the pressure gauges. This allows the gauge to
be taken out of service without interruption of the process.
Document Title:
Training on GET-Instrumentation
November
2014
Code: PI
Gauge cock
Needle Valve
If gauges are to be used for steam service a siphon filled with water
must be installed between gauge lines to prevent live steam from entering
the bourdon tube.
Document Title:
Training on GET-Instrumentation
November
2014
Code: PI