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University of California at Irvine, have started to solve the mystery of both primal fear and remembered fear.
Previously it was thought that once an animal has learned to be afraid of something, that memory never vanishes
from the animals amygdala. But Gregory Quirk, Ph.D., and researcher Kevin Corcoran, of the University of Puerto Rico
school of medicine, have discovered that we can overlay our bad memories and the emotions they evoke by
forming new memories in the brains prefrontal cortex that supersede those stored in the amygdala.
You have to repeat an action, any action, over and over, with the knowledge that you are unlearning the bad
memory. Lieutenant Commander Eric Potterat, Ph.D., a Naval Special Warfare Command psychologist, quotes Hamlet
on the subject: There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.
Eric Potterat relates this study to sports and described the difference between winners and losers. Physically,
theres very little difference between athletes who win Olympic gold and the rest of the field. Its like the SEAL
candidates we see here. Terrific hardware. Situps, pushups, running, swimming off the charts, superhuman. But
over at the Olympic center, the sports psychologists found that the difference between a medal and no medal is
determined by an athletes mental ability. The elite athletes, the Tiger Woodses, the Kobe Bryants, the Michael
Jordans this is what separates them from the competition. Knowing how to use information.
Being a warrior, being what you call brave, requires attention to something greater than just martial activity, says
Master Chief Will Guild, a 27-year SEAL veteran who runs a mentorship program for incoming candidates. These
men are problem solvers, and there are many ways to solve problems. I think you have to be ready to do whatever it
takes, and that includes using diplomacy.
Theres no shortage of physical courage in the SEALs or Marine Corps or any active military branch of the service.
Moral courage is something else. And if you want to inspire moral courage in your troops, you have to teach them
how to make decisions. he continues.
Human beings can adapt to the very harshest of environments. Viktor Frankl, the famous Austrian neurologist and
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psychiatrist, who is also a Holocaust survivor said, if someone now asked of us the truth of Dostoevskis statement
that flatly defines man as a being who can get used to anything, we would reply, yes, a man can get used to anything,
but do not ask us how
Psychologists and neuroscientists now agree conquering fear is simply suppressing a fright reaction by repeatedly
confronting, the fear-triggering memory or stimulus facing your fears. For specific phobias, up to 90 percent of
people can be cured through such exposure therapy, says David Barlow, director of Boston Universitys Center for
Anxiety and Related Disorders.
So the secret to courage is putting yourself in the same difficult situation or hostile environment on a consistent
basis, day in day out, or doing a seemingly difficult action over and over, a million times, until you not longer have
any emotional attachment to that situation, environment, or action. You become immune to it. You become part of it.
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