., . .

PAPER 2 Writing
PAPER 3 Use of English

Part 2
Part 3
Part 4

For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)
best fits each gap.

PAPER 4 Listening
PAPER 5 Speaking

Graphology
is not a new science but it is being used increasingly
by businesses to
assist employers
in the (1)
process. Some companies
have been using
Question 1: Two of the options
are often used in a military
context; one option is often used
when taking about a school,
college or course; one is not
generally used to refer to a
process. The correct option
means 'the process of finding
new people to work in a
business or organisation'.
Question 2: Look at the words
before and after the gap. The
gapped word is part of an
expression that means 'be very
likely to get something'.
Question 4: The options are
somewhat formal words and
some of them are not used often
any more. The meaning of the
correct word is 'in that way'.

graphology
consultants
for years to analyse the handwriting
samples
of job
applicants or even employees who are in (2)
for promotion.
They claim that
handwriting
can reveal a great deal about a person's personality, and this is (3)
,
not only in deciding whom to employ but also which people can work together
without friction, (4)
contributing
to a positive atmosphere
in the workplace. By
studying a person's handwriting,
graphologists
claim they can reveal personality
(5)
more precisely than is possible through
a standard interview. A further
advantage
of handwriting
analysis is that assessments
are not affected by any
personal (6)
,as the writer's race, religion and age remain unknown.
1 A employment

2 A standby
3 A expendable
4

A henceforth

5 A qualities
6 A biases

B
B
B
B
B
B

recruitment
track
dispensable
thereby
attributes
predispositions

C
C
C
C
C
C

enrolment
review
priceless
whereby
traits
partialities

D
D
D
D
D
D

conscription
line
invaluable
wherefore
characters
suppositions

Question 7: Which option is used

to refer to a single individual or
item that represents a group or
class?
Question 9: The options all have
a similar meaning, but the
correct one can be used to
describe something that is hard
to catch or find. The other
options describe things or
people that are hard to define,
describe, see or touch.
Question 11: The options all
have a similar meaning, but only
one collocates with 'on film'.
Question 12: Three of the
options can be used to describe
a person who follows another
person or trespasses on private
property. Only one option can be
used to refer to a hunting
animal.

Scientists are excited by recent photographs

of the world's largest invertebrate,
the
giant squid. Although (7)
have previously been found in the stomachs of sperm
whales or (8)
up on shores, this is the first time that a live animal has been
photographed
in its natural environment.
A team of Japanese scientists managed to
locate the squid by tracking sperm whales, which are known to hunt these (9)
.
animals, in the North Pacific. They lowered cameras attached to a baited line to a
depth of about 900 metres - so far below the surface that no light can (10)
even
during the day - and succeeded in attracting an eight-metre squid and (11)
it on
film. In fact, the squid appeared

to be attacking

the baited line.

For centuries this behemoth of the deep has been something

of a mystery, with
nothing at all known about its behaviour. Now it seems that the giant squid may be
more of a (12)
than was previously thought.
A
A
9 A
10 A
11 A
12 A
7

examples
washed
obscure
probe
seizing
marauder

B samples
B poured
B elusive
B pierce
B arresting
B prowler

C
C
C
C
C
C

D instances

specimens
drifted

D waved

indefinite
perforate
capturing
predator

D
D
D
D

intangible
penetrate
captivating
stalker

ti I Ii
Question 13: The correct option
is used to refer to a feeling that
something bad is going to occur.
Question 15: Only one of the
options can be used to describe
hair that is thin and messy. The
other options can be used to
describe meat that is tough to
chew, limbs that show strong
muscles or a rocky mountain!
Question 18: Only one of the
options collocates with 'dust'.
The other options can be used to
refer to small patches or pieces
of colour or paint, or microscopic
insects!

With a feeling of dark (13)

I returned the mirror to the shop this morning.
Nonetheless, I was barely surprised to find the old woman was expecting me.
'You managed to keep it longer than the others: she said, as I laid my parcel down
in the space she had cleared amongst the junk that (14)
the table.
'Thanks for the experience: I said, 'but I think I'd better get on with my own life
now.'
The old crone smiled knowingly
lifted the mirror up, presumably to
see my face in it one last time: the
dull, tired eyes and the (16)
in

as she removed the string and newspaper and

check it for signs of damage. I had the chance to
same (15)
blond hair with wisps of grey, my
my brow that the events of last year had scarred

me with.
As I turned to leave she put a (17)
hand on my shoulder and said, 'You did
well, Caroline. Remember it is better to reflect, not regret.'
A chill ran through me as she flashed her toothless gums at me and opened the
door. I turned and made my way out through the swirling (18)
of dust into the
bright sunlight

13
14
15
16
17
18

of the street outside.

A intuition

A
A
A
A
A

cluttered
gristly
furrows
distorted
flakes

B
B
B
B
B
B

foreboding
disordered
straggly
grooves
gnarled
flecks

C
C
C
C
C
C

premonition
jumbled
sinewy
tracks
knotted
motes

D prescience
D muddled
D craggy
D troughs
D warped
D mites

PAPER 2 writing
PAPER:3 Use of English

You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with
childhood. For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think
fits best according to the text.

PAPER4 listening
PAPER 5 Speaking

Question 19: It may appear that

all of the options are correct, but
read the first two paragraphs
carefully. You should be able to
eliminate one option straight
away. Another option is true. in
itself, but it does not really
answer the question. A third
option may confuse you, but ask
yourself if the text actually says
this.

The Importance of Play'

I remember spending whole evenings playing outside with my friends,
whatever the weather. Sure, there was some perfunctory attention paid
to homework in the half hour or so of the day left before bedtime, but it
was generally just consolidation of what we'd studied in class.
Since then scientific stUdies have shown that play is more than just a
leisure activity for children. Intelligence
and aptitude tests have
demonstrated
that not only is play fundamental
to learning and
developing skills, it is also a means by which the brain can grow, facilitating
its own capacity to learn, create and think. That is why it saddens me to
read that yet another piece of research indicates that our children don't
play nearly enough.
Children's literacy scores are in decline, their verbal skills are atrocious and
they lack imagination and creativity. Is it any coincidence that so many also
suffer from obesity and poor health and find it harder to make friends? We
urge them to spend longer at their homework, but the sad truth is that by
not playing, their capacity for learning is grievously curtailed, no matter
how rigorous their academic drive. With the current focus on schoolwork,
children are missing out on a key part of their development - and a great
deal of fun.

19 According to the text, play is important because

A it consolidates what is learned in class.
B it is a fun way of spending free time.
C it ensures proper cerebral development.
D it improves intellectual performance.

20 Children who study but don't play

A are less able to assimilate what they are taught.
B will only improve their aptitude at spelling.
C suffer from a variety of eating disorders.
D find it harder to develop socially.

Ii

Question 21: Underline words in

the text that refer to the place
the children are exploring. The
type of place may not be stated
explicitly, but there is enough
information in the text to enable
you to eliminate the incorrect
options and choose the correct
one!

The Dare
I was beginning to wish I'd never dared him to go inside. He must've
been gone about five minutes by my reckoning, but I'd got muddled
counting. There was nothing for it but to go in after him. I inched
cautiously towards the splintered black hole in front of me, halfsquatting in the moon-cast shadows until I reached the doorstep. With
all the courage I could muster, I peered inside. My imagination was too
busy filling the shadows with ghouls and spectres to register the stark
decaying grandeur of the place. All I could hear was my own personal
bogeyman chasing me - a thumping sound in my ears that only years
later did I realise was actually my pulse.
I opened my mouth to call Timmy's name, convinced now that they
had got him and whisked him off to wherever it was they spent the
daylight hours, but my mouth was so dry that nothing came out. As my
eyes adjusted to the gloom, my eight-year-old mind was already in
conflict with my body, my muscles battling against a primordial instinct
to turn, run, go back the way I'd come.
'Timmy!' I croaked. I waited, but it didn't look as if anyone was going
to favour me with an answer.

21 The children seem to be exploring

A an enormous cave.
B a tumbledown shack.
C a derelict mansion.
D a disused mineshaft.

22 The writer thought that Timmy

A had been caught by the authorities.
B had been abducted by ghosts.
C had been devoured by wild animals.
D was hiding in the darkness.

s e Ii ~ tips
Question 23: It may look as if
several of the options are correct,
but do they complete the
question stem correctly? Read
the text carefully for clues as to
why the writer was beginning to
feel frustrated.

A
I remember

DAy

AT

PlAYGROUP

a day when I was confronted

been having a difficult

morning.

by a five-year-old

I had asked the children

to clear

away their painting things and a few were being delightfully

about it in the exuberant

way that children

told several times nonetheless.

determined

articulate

have, but a few had to be

One girl in particular

not to hear me. I approached

who had

seemed

her and gently said, 'Sylvia,

could you put away your paints now please?' She stopped what she
was doing and screamed at me at the top of her voice: 'Go away!'
I was taken aback and the other children
wide with alarm, they watched
However,

were shocked. Their eyes

me, anticipating

my reaction.

( realised that the child probably had to express her

feelings at that moment,

her anger would

as we all do from time to time. Bottling up

have caused more problems.

She might have taken

it out on another child later on, or she might grow up feeling that
society was treating

her unjustly.

I took a deep breath and said: '(

know how you feel! I've been wanting

to say that to you lot all day

too. Now, why don't we all go outside and play, and then we'll feel
better.'

23 The writer was beginning to feel exasperated because some children

A were being aggressive.
B were ignoring her commands.
C were making too much noise.
D were taking too long to put away their things.

24 The writer decided not to punish Sylvia because she

A
B
C
D

didn't want the child to dislike her.

felt intimidated by the child's attitude.
didn't want other children to see her being punished.
thought it would ultimately be detrimental to the child.

ere are two

to think about
~ 3 I. what does the
-:3 ? Secondly, why
e text? The
--3 second question
__ =~oose the correct

Evolution and children

If we are asked to envisage an archetypal human being, the picture
that comes into our minds may be male 0): female. It may be black,
white or yellow, but it will almost certainly be an adult. We take it for
granted that adulthood is the meaningful part of our existence, and
everything prior to it is merely preparation. The old adage quoted by
Samuel Butler is often cited but has not yet been fully assimilated: 'A
hen is an egg's way of making another egg.' It is very difficult for any
of us to think of ourselves as a baby's way of making another baby.
So there is a tendency in discussions about human evolution to
overlook the fact that at every step of the journey there were not only
males and females, but also babies, infants and children, and natural
selection would never have favoured one age group at too great a
cost to any of the others.
Regarding children as smaller, imperfect copies of ourselves, we
explain much of their behaviour in the way we explain the rough-andtumble play of cubs and kittens, calling it 'preparation for adult life' or
'developing the skills that they will later need.' That is strange,
because it is one of the inviolable tenets of evolutionary theory that
what an animal is or does is governed by events that have happened,
not events that are going to happen. Only in describing the young is it
acceptable to believe that a mammal's behaviour is governed by the
future that awaits it, rather than the history that lies behind it.

25 The quotation by Samuel Butler is used to demonstrate that

A we do not appreciate the role childhood plays in our evolution.
S other animals have similar developmental patterns to human beings.
C we often give paradoxical examples to justify our points.
D we consider childhood to be a necessary part of our lifecycle.

26 According to the writer, it is strange to assume that childhood is 'preparation

for adult life' because
A the young of many animal species play in order to develop.
S children are not mature enough to understand their needs.
C an animal's behaviour is determined by its species' past.
D the behaviour of some animals influences their evolution in the future.

2PAPER3 Use of English

You are going to read an article about species loss. Seven paragraphs have been
removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each
gap (27-33). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

PAPER4 listening
PAPER5 Speaking

Ringing the Alarm for -Earth

Peter Raven is a botanist. He knows about photosynthesis,
primary productivity and sustainable growth. He knows
that all flesh is grass; that the richest humans and the
hungriest alike depend ultimately on plants for food, fuel,
clothing, medicines and shelter, and that all of these come
from the kiss of the sun on warm moist soils, to quicken
growth and ripen grain.

[E]~

The global population is about to soar from six billion to

nine billion in less than a lifetime. Around 800 million
humans are starving, and maybe two billion
are
malnourished, while three billion survive on two dollars a
day.

~-----------By many, Raven means perhaps half to two thirds of all

the other species on the planet in the next 100 years.
There could be ten million different kinds of fern, fungus,
flowering plant, arthropod, amphibian, reptile, bird, fish
and mammal on Earth. Nobody knows. People such as
Raven, director of the Missouri Botanic Gardens in St
Louis, are doing their best to count and preserve them.

[3!J~

Some of these organisms are now being chased to

oblivion by human population growth at levels that
ecosystems cannot sustain.

~-----------There are ways of confirming species loss, even if it

cannot be established how many species there were in the
first place. Look at the vertebrates and molluscs in fossil
records, Raven says, just for the past sixty-five million
years or so. 'You find that the average life of a species is

two to three million years and you get about one species
per million becoming extinct per year in the fossil record.
Those particular groups are a small sample, but they are a
real sample,' he says.

Q!J_----------That works out at hundreds of creatures per year over the

past four centuries, and even more when humans, rats and
other invaders started colonising islands: 2,000 species
have vanished from the Pacific basin alone since the
Polynesians got there 1,200 years ago.

CEJ

There are various wild creatures that get along with

humans and follow them everywhere: cockroaches, fleas,
ticks, rats, cats, pigs, cattle, scavenger birds, lusty weeds.
These invade little islands of ancient biodiversity, take
over, and see the natives off the premises. And not just
islands: one third of all endangered plants in the
continental US are threatened because of alien invaders,
Raven says. In Hawaii, it is 100 percent.

CEJ

Ecosystems are not static. They change, naturally. They

burn, are grazed or browsed, they regenerate, flood and
silt up. But left to themselves, they go on providing
services that humans and other creatures value. A
mangrove swamp provides a habitat for shrimps. It cannot
be improved by draining it for a tourist beach, or building
a large city on it. Its natural value would be dissipated. 'An
ecosystem itself undamaged is very, very resilient, and the
more simplified it gets, the less resilient. Globally, what
we are doing is simplifying them all, simultaneously,
which is a very dangerous large-scale experiment,' Raven
says.

A Ecosystems, Raven says, can be whatever you like.

Hedgerows in Hampshire are an ecosystem; so are
weeds on a railway line at Hammersmith. Savannahs,
grasslands, prairies, rainforests, dry forests, pine
forests, uplands, heathlands, downlands, wetlands,
mangrove swamps, estuaries, oxbow lakes and coral
reefs are all ecosystems, and they survive on
diversity. The greater the variety of microbes, plants
and animals in an ecosystem, the more resilient it is
and the better it works for all, including humans. So it
would not be a good idea to evict at least half of
these creatures, especially if nothing is known about
them. But, Raven says, that is what is happening.
B 'Then you can start with the literature in about 1600,
when people began to care enough about organisms
to be able to document them well, and for the groups
that they were documenting - birds, mammals,
amphibians, reptiles, butterflies and plants - then you
can say, "What was the rate over the past 400 years?
It's tens of times or hundreds of times the level it was
before." ,
C Global warming is not going to help, either. What
happens to the unique assembly of plants in the Cape
region of Africa as the thermometer rises? They
cannot migrate south. There is no land south of the
Cape. So many will perish.

As he keeps pointing out, the human species is living

as if it had more than one planet to occupy. Forty
years ago, he and colleagues tried to calculate the
economic cost of exporting humans to a star system
likely to be orbited by habitable planets. They worked
out that it would cost the entire gross economic
product of the planet to ship just twelve people a
year to Proxima Centauri or beyond. His message for
the planet is, 'Think, look at the big picture, and think
again'.

estion 2S;,Look at the beginning of the paragraph after

~ gap. There is a key word here which also occurs in the
_ ect optiC;n..
ion 29,tThe paragraph after the gap mentions
",anisms'; ..'human population growth' and 'ecosystems'.
-- h optiQ[lalso mentions these key words and could fit
_7

But the human population is growing at the rate of

about 10,000 an hour, and each human depends on a
hectare or two of land and water for what economists
now call 'ecosystem services' - the organisms that
ultimately recycle waste and deliver new wealth to
provide oxygen, fresh food, clean water, fuel, new
clothes, safe shelter and disposable income.

f Valuable agricultural land is being poisoned or parched

or covered in concrete, soils eroded, rivers emptied
and aquifers drained to feed the swelling numbers.
Something has -got to give, and the first things to go
are many of the plants and animals.
G So botanists such as Raven begin with the big picture
of sustainable growth and can calculate to the nearest
planet how much land and sea it would take to
sustain the population of the world if everybody lived
as comfortably as the Americans, British or French.
The answer is three planets.
H There is another way of checking, Raven says,
pioneered by, among others, sociobiologist
and
evolutionary psychologist Edward O. Wilson. There is
a logarithmic relationship between the area of habitat
and the species that inhabit it. Measure a patch of
forest and count a sample of the species in it. Then
compare it with another patch of forest ten times
smaller. The smaller one will have only half the
sample species count. This has been shown in
thousands of individual observations, he says. So
destroying forests piecemeal is a way of extinguishing
creatures.

Question 30: The sentence after the gap suggests that the
correct option talks about species loss. The gapped
paragraph may also be linked to the paragraph before it.
Question 31: Look at the first sent~ncein the paragraph
after the gap. It appears to be an answer to a question. Can
you find the question in one ofthe6ptions?

PAPER2 Writing

You are going to read an extract from a book. For questions 34-40, choose the
answer (A, B, C or OJ which you think fits best according to the text.

PAPER3 Use of English

PAPER4 Listening
PAPER 5 Speaking

Reviewers and students have educated me not only

about how I write, but about why I write. Apparently,
I wish to capture the immigrant experience, to
demystify Chinese culture, to show the differences
between Chinese and American culture, to pave the
way for other Asian-American writers - and I have a
whole host of other equally noble motivations.
The truth is, I write for more self-serving reasons that is, I write for myself. I write because I enjoy
stories and make-believe. I write because if! didn't, I'd
probably go crazy. Thus I write about questions that
disturb me, images that mystify me, or memories that
cause me anguish and pain. I write about secrets, lies,
and contradictions, because within them are many
kinds of truth. In other words, I write stories about life
as I have misunderstood it. To be sure, it's a ChineseAmerican life, but that's the only one I've had so far.
Contrary to what some students, professors,
reporters, and fund-raising organizations assume, I
am not an expert on China, Chinese culture, mahjong,
the psychology of mothers and daughters, generation
gaps, immigration,
illegal aliens, assimilation,
acculturation, racial tension, Tiananmen Square, Most
Favoured Nation trade agreements, human rights,
Pacific Rim economics, the purported one million
missing baby girls of China, the future of Hong Kong
after 1997, or, I am sorry to say, Chinese cooking.
Certainly I have personal opinions on any of these
topics, especially food, but by no means do my
sentiments or my world of make-believe make me an
expert.
And so I am alarmed when reviewers and educators
assume that my very personal, specific, and fictional
stories are meant to be representative, down to the
smallest detail, of not just Chinese-Americans but
sometimes all Asian culture. Is Jane Smiley's A
Thousand Acres supposed to be representative of all
American culture? Do all American daughters serve
their tyrannical fathers the same breakfast every
morning? Do all sisters betray each other? Are all
conscientious objectors flaky in love relationships?
Why do readers and reviewers assume that a book
with Chinese-American characters can encompass all
the demographics and personal histories of Chinese
America?

My editor at Putnam tells me that over the years i

she has received hundreds of permission requests from
publishers of college textbooks and multicultural
anthologies, . wishing to reprint my work for W
educational purposes. One publisher wanted to include Ii
an excerpt from The Joy Luck Club, a scene in which a ii'
woman invites her non-Chinese boyfriend to her ~.
parents' house for dinner. The boyfriend brings a
bottle of wine as a gift and commits a number of social r
gaffes at the dinner table. Students were supposed to ~.
read this excerpt, then answer the following question:
'If you are invited to a Chinese family's house for!
dinner, should you bring a bottle of wine?' My editor ~
and I agreed to turn down that permission request.
,f;
I hear that my books and essays are now on the i:"
required-reading lists for courses in ethnic studies,
Asian-American studies, Asian-American literature, I:
Asian-American history, women's literature, feminist ~.
studies, feminist writers of colour, and so forth. I am
proud to be on these lists. What writer wouldn't want IiHi
her work to be read? But there's a small nagging r
question that whispers into my ear once in a while: ~:
'What about American literature?'
I:
I'

I!~

Iii

I know I'm not supposed to complain, or at least not

too loudly. After all, I am one of the lucky writers to be
read, in classrooms, by the mainstream, and in
CliffNotes. I have had many readers tell me that they
read my books because they feel the stories are about
universal emotions between mothers and daughters.
But as my mother has often told me, I have an
attitude. I have an attitude not just about my books
but about literature in general. I have this attitude
that American literature, if such a classification exists,
should be more democratic than the colour of your
skin or whether rice or potatoes are served at your
fictional dinner table. And so I ask myself and
sometimes others: Who decides what is American
fiction? Why is it that works of fiction by minority
writers are read mainly for the study of class, gender,
and race? Why is it so hard to break out of this literary
ghetto?

Ii

ii:

I
!i

1.
If

;:
~;

rt
~~
~
~.
~

I,a.fltial tips
Question 34: What is the writer's
tone here? If you compare the
first sentence of the second
paragraph with the sentence in
question, you should notice a
change in tone and this should
help you choose the correct
option.
Question 36: What point is the
writer making in this paragraph
about her own work? How does
mentioning another novel
strengthen her argument?
Question 37: To find the answer
to this question, you have to read
between the lines. What had the
writer intended to express in her
novel? What did the question on
the'excerpt from the novel show?
Question 39: Why does the writer
mention rice and potatoes in the
last paragraph? Can you detect a
hintof sarcasm here?

34 Why does the writer use the word 'Apparently' in line 2?

A to emphasise that some readers misunderstand her reasons for writing
B because she had not been aware of how her work was perceived by others
C to indicate that she has not given much thought to her true reasons for
writing
D to show that she is not interested' in any of the subjects mentioned
subsequently

35 Why do some people assume that the writer is an expert on China?

A because she writes about topical Chinese issues
B because she expresses h-er views about Chinese culture in her fiction
C because she has strong feelings about anything to do with China
D because she often touches upon Chinese themes in her fiction

36 The writer mentions Jane Smiley's novel in the fourth paragraph because
A it contains untenable generalisations about American life and culture.
B although it is an American novel, the reader does not expect to draw
conclusions about American culture from it.
C it deals with the same themes as the ones in her own novels and is
peopled by similar characters.
D it deals with the difficult relationship between daughters and fathers.

37 Why did the writer and her editor refuse a request to publish an excerpt
from The Joy Luck Club?
A because the excerpt would have given readers an inaccurate idea of
Chinese culture
B because the excerpt might have misled readers about correct Chinese
etiquette
C because one of the questions on the text showed that the point of the
scene had been misunderstood
D because one of the questions on the text would have been unfair to
students

38 The writer implies that her books

A
B
C
D

are
are
are
are

popular with ordinary readers.

read mainly by academics.
studied by mothers and daughters.
largely unknown to the general public.

39 What is the writer's main point in the last paragraph?

A
B
C
D

She
She
She
She

thinks academics classify American literature incorrectly.

does not consider the way American literature is classified to be fair.
thinks nobody is properly qualified to classify American literature.
thinks socio-political issues in literature should not be the subjects of

study.

40 We can infer from the text that the writer is

A
B
C
D

an American citizen with Asian roots.

a Chinese citizen with an American background.
an Asian-American living in Hong Kong.
an illegal Chinese immigrant living in America.

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an
appropriate style.

PAPER 4 listening
PAPER 5 Speaking

Essential tips
~ Here, you are required to write
a proposal, so study the
information you have been
given and think about how it
can help you to write
something about each
candidate. What are their good
and bad points?
~ You will need to write an
introductory paragraph stating
briefly your purpose for
writing.
~ Write a paragraph about each
candidate. You can use their
names as headings. Don't say
at this point who you would
recommend for promotion, but
discuss their skills, qualities,
JYersonalities and
shortcomings, taking care to
emphasise the strengths of the
person you will eventually
recommend.

You are the department

which the
asked you
who work
person for
candidate:

manager of a large international

clothing franchise in

position of sales manager has just opened. The board of directors has
to submit a proposal based on your knowledge of three candidates
on your staff, explaining who you think would be the most suitable
the position. You have written the following notes about each

PAuLINE

BROWN, age 36

5 years wi1:h coMpany.

Puncfual,

SMar1:, good wifh people.

Gefs sfressed

easily.

JAMES ROBERTS, age 44

17 years wifh cOMpany.
Mefhodical,
A bi1: scruffy

pafienf,

hard-working.

sOMefiMes.

~ Write a conclusion which states

who you think would be best
for the job and give your
reasons. You might want also
to say why you think the other
candidates are less suitable.

ELAINE SUMMERS, age 27

2 years

wifh coMpany.

AMbi1:ious, innovafive.
Speaks 2
foreign languages. A bi1: bossy.
~

fl'

:"
!

.. _ .I

Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in

300-350 words in an appropriate style.

PAPER 4 Listening
PAPER 5 Speaking

2 A local museum has asked readers to submit articles to its monthly

newsletter on

the most important historical sites in the area where you live, outlining
significance and attraction for visitors.

their

Question 2

Think about your target readers

and what kind of register and
style will be appropriate for your
article. It is a good idea to write
about what you know, so ask
yourself if there are any
historical sites of interest in your
town/village/city. What do you
know about them? Why are they
significant and why may tourists
be interested in them? If you
don't know any real sites in the
area where you live, write about
other famous historical sites that
you have visited, or invent some.
Plan your article carefully and
decide what you will say in each
paragraph before you start
writing. Remember:you need an
interesting introduction that will
make your readers want to find
out more.
Question 3
This is a different kind of letter to
the one in Test 1, Part 1. Here, a
semi-formal register is probably
more appropriate than a formal
one. You will need to use
descriptive language, as the
contents of your letter will
consist of first-hand personal
experiences. In some ways this
kind of letter is similar to an
essay,although you will need to
write a suitable beginning and
ending.

3 A monthly general interest magazine has asked for contributions to a special

supplement entitled A Fresh Start, based on readers' first-hand experience. Write
a letter to the magazine, describing an important turning point in your life,
explaining how it changed you and your lifestyle, career or relationships.

4 You have recently attended a well-known play performed by the drama club of
your local college. Write a review of the play for your college magazine and say
how successful you think the production was and how it compares with wellknown professional productions.

PAPER 1 Reading
For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).

PAPER 2 Writing

.. . .

PAPER 4 Listening
PAPER 5 Speaking

Part
Part
Part
Part

2
3
4
5

Write your answers in CAPITAL LETIERS on the separate answer sheet.

Esseutial tips
Question 4: The gapped word is
part of a phrase that describes
when something happened.
Which word can be used with
'back' to talk about a long time
ago?

The Mysteries of Giza

Egyptologists

Question 9: The gapped word

forms part of an adverbial
phrase with 'at', indicating a
minimum number or amount.

great (1)

Question 10; The word

'consistent' is often followed by
a preposition.

According

Question 13: The gapped word is

a very common verb. Here it is
used in an old-fashioned sense
with 'would' to mean 'want' or
'wish for'.
Question 14: If you read the text
carefully, you will see that the
sentence in which this gap
occurs must have a negative
meaning. The gapped word is
part of a somewhat unusual
structure, but one which adds
emphasis to the point the writer
is making.

tell us that the Sphinx and the pyramids

built approximately

4,500 years ago by an Egyptian

of evidence

(2)

of independent

(3)

at Giza (0)

pharaoh,

has surfaced

to challenge

the
with the position

to note that on that date the leonine

faced

exact

the

location

horizon

dawn on the Spring

made by at (9)

precisely

line

stars in the year 10,450 Be. It is

where

(10)

pyramids

Sphinx
the

equinox.

one geologist

of the Sphinx are consistent

substantial

on the

Giza

of certain

interesting

(8)

may in

back as 12,500 years ago!

(5)

(6)

this. A growing

researchers claim that these monuments

have been built as (4)

to

but in recent years a

(7)

have

constellation

Equally

of

interesting

that weathering

Leo rose

is the claim

patterns on the body

those left by precipitation

period of time, yet Egypt (11)

over a

saw heavy rainfall

over

7,000 years ago.

Could it be that both the pyramids and the Sphinx were built by a highly civilised race
thousands

of years (12)

historians

would

(14)
evidence

the Age of the Pharaohs, at a time when

(13)
the

(15)

books will undoubtedly

us
know-how

to

construct

believe
such

surface that can support

have to be rewritten.

amazing

humans
structures?

such claims,

had
If

the history

PAPER 1 Reading
For questions

PAPER2 Writing

16-25, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end

of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is
an example at the beginning (0).

PAPER4 Listening
PAPER5 Speaking

Part 3
Part 4
Part 5

Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Question 16: The word before

the gap is an adjective and it is
apparent that the gapped word is
a noun. You should be familiar
with the most common ways of
forming nouns from verbs, but
be c.arefulhere - an internal
change to the word in capitals is
also needed.
Question 17: 'Vary' means
'change' or 'differ'. From the
context it seems clear that the
gapped word must be an adverb
that describes the way in which
girls are expected to show their
feelings. Also, a negative form of
the adverb is needed in order for
the sentence to make sense.
Question 18: You need to form
an adjective meaning 'incorrect'.
If you do not know the word you
need, experiment with different
possibilities - apart from a suffix,
you will need to make an
internal change to the word in
capitals.
Question 19: 'Incline' can be
either a noun or a verb, but here
you need to form a noun
meaning 'tendency'. If you do
not know the word you need,
experiment with different noun
endings - you will need to leave
off the final 'e' from the word in
capitals.

__

E_X_CE_P_T_'O_N __

=0=

Boys don't cry

Almost without

(0)

,when a little boy starts to cry,

he's told to put a brave face on it. 'Boys don't cry!' is the familiar
(16)
on

, and with this, we exert enormous

our

sons

to

hide

(17)
would

their

expected

emotions.

weaker,

Girls

to believe

more

sensitive

(19)

pressure

are

almost

to express their feelings,

be (18)
or

with

but it

that they

are born

greater

natural

VARY
ERROR

to cry. Boys have feelings too.

According
vulnerable

to

several

leading

to psychological

pressures

on

them

(20)

psychiatrists,

boys

and other problems

to

be

'tough'

performance,

are

more

later in life. Social

can

affect

their

and even lead to antisocial

behaviour. This, in turn, can manifest itself in acts of violence and

(21)

It

(22)

is

even

suspected

that

the

higher rate of suicide among young men is a

result of boys being unable to 'get it off their chest', as compared

to girls and women,

who confide

more (23)

others and are more likely to seek professional

emotionally
What

boys

(24)
Question 20: The word after the
gap is a noun, so the gapped
ord is probably an adjective.

depression
emotionally
(25)

in
help if they are

distressed.
really

need

is

more

encouragement

in

their

years in order not to succumb to feelings of

later on. This will help them to become more mature
and it may

even

lead to a reduction

among young males.

in juvenile

RECKLESS
SIGNIFICANCE

PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER2 Writing

PAPER4 Listening

For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately
three sentences. Here is an example (OJ.

in all

Example:

PAPER5 Speaking

We are setting off at first

She had to explain the matter to me again before I saw the

e Some interesting

new findings

, so please go to bed early.

have come to

.
.

Essential Ii s
Question 26: In the first two
sentences the gapped word is
used as part of an expression. If
you don't know the expressions,
the third sentence will probably
help you. Which verb collocates
with 'highly' and 'of' and can be
used to express what Mr Jones
does to his friends?
Question 27: In the first sentence
the gapped word collocates with
'party'. You can 'have' a party,
but 'have' doesn't work in the
other sentences. What other verb
can be used with 'party'? In the
second sentence the gapped
word forms part of an
expression meaning 'explain'. In
the third sentence the gapped
word is used idiomatically,
although the s"enseof the
sentence is negative, so
probably a great distance is not
meant here!
Question 28: In the first sentence
the gapped word forms part of
an expression with 'time',
meaning 'make time pass quickly
by doing something'. In the
second sentence the gapped
word probably means something
like 'destroy'. In the third
sentence the gapped word forms
part of an expression meaning
'dressed up in order to attract
the attention or envy of others'.

26

27

28

29

30

31

The way he looks at you

Sylvia usually
thinks.

volumes

about his feelings.

her mind, so she'll tell us what she really

Celia and Dan are going to

a party at the weekend.

The police hope the investigation

happened that night.

will

some light on what

I wouldn't

I had plenty of time to

Gerald managed to
revealing the ending!

Susanna, wearing a stunning

In
output.

I was surprised to receive an immediate

The

I didn't meet a

As a

Children can

Roger tried to
that day.

If you aren't careful, you'll

trust that man as far as I could

him.

before my train left.

everyone's enthusiasm

for the film by

black number, was dressed to

to increased demand, the company

to my query.

to our plea for information

interesting

have doubled their

was overwhelming.

person at the party.

mother, I know how difficult

it is to raise children.

on very quickly, so be careful what you say.

me out by saying he knew where I had been

your death!

PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER2 Writing

For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning
to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must
use between three and eight words, including the word given. Here is an example

PAPER4 listening

(0).

PAPER5 Speaking

Example:

He struggled to open the door.

difficulty

Question 32: You need a phrasal

verb formed from the verb
'dawn', meaning 'realise
something gradually'. If you get
this right, you will be awarded
one of the two marks for a
correct answer. For the second
mark, you need to convey the
idea of certainty ('I'm sure') with
a suitable modal in the correct
form.
Question 33: You need a phrasal
verb with 'down', meaning
'refuse an offer'. The object can
go between the verb and 'down',
or after the phrasal verb. Also,
what is the object? What is being
refused?

He

32

I'm sure John eventually realised that we'd be late.

had difficulty

the door.

in opening

1=0= I

dawned
It
33

that we'd be late.

That's the second time this year that Kathy has refused to marry him.
down
Kathy

34

twice this year.

It was only when the film had ended that I remembered to switch off the oven.

did
Question 34: You need to use a
phrase that emphasises when
you remembered to do
something. This phrase begins
with 'Not', so it involves
inversion.
Question 35: Think carefully
about the tense you need. The
time is the future, when we can
look back on an event that had
its beginnings in the past and
continued over a period of
twenty years.

Not
35

to switch off the oven.

Our twentieth wedding anniversary is this coming Friday.

will

36

By this Friday

twenty years.

They think the manuscript was written by a fourteenth

century scholar.

attributed
The manuscript

a fourteenth

century

scholar.
37

I'm afraid it's none of your business what I do in my spare time!

no
What I do in my spare time

38

, I'm afraid!

You cannot justify your recent behaviour with that excuse.

no
That excuse is

39

It appears to me that Sam is miserable at university.

tell

behaving recently.

2
PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER 2 Writing
!.

PAPER 4

For questions 40-44, read the following texts on alternative medicine. For questions
40-43, answer with a word or short phrase. For question 44, write a summary
according to the instructions

given.

Write your answers to questions 40-44 on the separate answer sheet.

PAPER 5 Speaking

Western culture is undergoing a revolution. Not of a sociopolitical kind, but a dramatic socio-ethical change in attitude
towards health and nutrition. A rise in the incidence of
substance intolerance and allergies, noticeable particularly
among children with a poor diet, accompanied by an increase in
chronic bronchial and asthmatic conditions has led to a growing
awareness of the shortcomings of orthodox medicine in dealing
with such problems.

Question 40: Readthe question

carefully. It does not ask you to
define 'dramatic socia-ethical
change', but to explain why it is
taking place.

Consequently, people have started exploring alternatives, and

this has aroused interest in complementary medicine - this uses
treatments from both orthodox and alternative medicine bringing forth a new generation of health specialists who believe
that we need to address the question of health through a more
holistic approach, looking at a person's lifestyle and diet, and
focusing on the cause of disease rather than its symptoms alone.
Along with a revival of interest in traditional forms of alternative
medicine such as Chinese medicine, acupuncture and
homeopathy, a plethora of complementary treatments has
developed in an effort to combine the best elements of eastern
and western medicine, and so provide society with effective
health care. As alternative medicine becomes more widely
accepted, it is important that people are educated about the
various options available to them so they can make intelligent
choices about health care.

40

In your own words, explain the reasons the writer gives for the 'dramatic
ethical change in attitude towards health and nutrition'.

soc' -

,- s
Question 42: In this text pay
attention to the writer's tone.
How did he feel about the
aromas permeating the
atmosphere in his house?

work entails giving presentations and selling, and I have a lot of

direct contact with people. So at the age of fifty-five, the sudden

appearance of red lesions on my arms and hands, which then started to flake
off, filled me with horror. I consulted various doctors and dermatologists, was

Question 44: Although the

reasons why some people are
turning to alternative medicine
may seem more immediately
apparent in the first text, think
about why the writer of the
second text became an
'alternative convert'.

diagnosed as suffering from late onset psoriasis and duly tried numerous
ointments, soaps and medications, but all to no avail.
Unbelievably, my daughter came to the rescue. At the time, she was doing
a course in aromatherapy

and enthusing over the healing properties of

essential oils. With the house smelling like the perfume department at John
Lewis, I was inclined to feel otherwise. Nevertheless, she gave me a sermon
on how I needed to take a 'holistic' approach to my problem, and that what
was probably to blame was my tendency to smoke and eat too much at
business lunches. She cited various complementary

therapies such as

acupuncture and herbalism as having had considerable success in treating

psoriasis. A victim of failed conventional treatments, my reaction was cynical.
Anyway, she persuaded me to become one of her case studies and I
couldn't say no. I have to take my hat off to her; she was very thorough in
her approach. She gave me advice about my diet and ways of dealing with
stress. After overcoming my trepidation at the thought of being massaged
by my own daughter, I found it a wonderfully

relaxing experience, and

several treatments later the essential oils did clear up my skin. My wife
helped me improve my eating habits and my sense of wellbeing improved.
I recently made an appointment at the Alternative Centre in London, which
deals exclusively in treating psoriasis. I admit it, I'm an 'alternative convert'
and no one is more surprised about it than me!

42 In your own words, explain what the writer is referring to when he says 'I was
inclined to feel otherwise'.

44 In a paragraph of 50-70 words, summarise in your own words as far as possible

why, according to both texts, people are turning to alternative medicine for help
in treating health problems. Write your summary on the separate answer sheet.

PAPER 1 Reading
You will hear four different extracts. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or e)
which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each
extract.

PAPER 2 Writing
PAPER 3 Use of English

Part 2
Part 3
Part 4

Ii
Question 1: How does the man
feel when he goes for a walk? He
uses a couple of expressions that
you may not be familiar with.
What do you think he means by
'at a loss' or 'bogged down in a
mire'?

Nature inspires him most when

A he wants to be alone.
B he has a lack of ideas.

e
2

Question 3: Listen for key

he is feeling bored.

The man seems to be

A a composer.

words and phrases. What do you

think the correspondent means
by 'do it on my own terms'?
What does the expression 'at the
drop of a hat' mean? If all the
. options look like possible
answers to you, ask yourself
what the question is actually
askirig.

B a poet.

a painter.

The correspondent

would prefer

A to travel as a tourist.
B not to be sent so far from home.

e
4

to be given advance warning

According

about trips.

to the correspondent,

A the truth is sometimes

distorted.

B editors are good at selecting articles.

essential news is sometimes

omitted.

sseftlicd lips
Ouestion 5: From what the man
and the woman both say, you
should get an idea of what
Gordon is usually like. So why
do you think the woman is
concerned about him?

A wasn't a good conversationalist.

B was behaving out of character.
C couldn't express his problems.

Ouestion 7: The question stem

shows that you are being asked
for the reason why the telescope
was launched. Be careful - more
than one option may be
mentioned but this does not
mean they complete the
question stem correctly.

The woman is concerned because Gordon

The man
A doesn't trust Gordon.
B doesn't know Gordon very well.
C doesn't like Gordon very much.

The Hubble Space Telescope was launched because

A there is greater visibility
B extraordinary

beyond the Earth's atmosphere.

celestial phenomena are only visible from space.

C it can pinpoint invisible energy sources in the universe.

Since being launched, the telescope

A has taken more enhanced photographs.
B has not lived up to scientists' expectations.
C has helped make new discoveries.

2
PAPER 1 Reading
You will hear part of a lecture about the artist Franz Marc. For questions 9-17,
complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

PAPER 2 Writing
PAPER 3 Use of English

... . ~

PAPER 5 Speaking

5e

ti

_____

t s

Question 9: Key words in this

sentence are 'London' and 'sold'.
Listen for these words or other
words that might be associated
with them.
Question 10: A key word in this
sentence is 'animals'. The
gapped word is clearly a noun,
either singular or plural, which
describes a quality that animals
possess, and that Marc wanted
to express in his paintings.
Question12: A key word to listen
for is 'Cubism'. How did Marc's
work change under the influence
of Cubism?

In his paintings

Marc attempted

[1]

to express the

~~

of animals, which he saw as part of nature.

One of Marc's paintings features a purple and blue horse standing in a

@]ofprimarycolours.

Due to the influence of Cubism, sharper, more

~[!U

began to replace the soft areas of colour in Marc's work.

In The Fate of the Animals

Marc seems to offer a warning

of the impending

In The Wolves some

Q]ill

QiJ

are depicted as drooping

and dying.

The art group The Blue Rider were aiming to capture the purity of style
often found in paintings

One of Marc's completely

by

DTI

paintings

Marc's life ended tragically

DTI

in the war in

is Fighting Forms.

QIJ '

when he was killed by a grenade in France.

PAPER 1 Reading
You will hear an interview with Julian Morris, a nightclub owner. For questions
18-22, choose the answer (A, B, or D) which fits best according to what you hear.

PAPER 2 Writing

PAPER 3 Use of English

The main reason why Julian decided to start his own business was because
A it was a way of overcoming his disability.
B he was disappointed with his life so far.
all his friends persuaded him to do it.
D it was an irresistible challenge.

t s
Question 18: The interviewer
asks Julian why he opened a
nightclub. Listen carefully to
Julian's answer because he
mentions several points.
However, the question asks for
the main reason why he opened
the nightclub, so listen for the
one he emphasises.
Question 19: Again, Julian gives
several reasons why a nightclub
seemed like a good place for him
:0 work in, but you need to
"dentify the reason why it was
"deal - a perfect place for him to
"ork.
estion 20: Listen carefully to
-ear what someone once said to
-'m. Do you think it was a
- sitive or negative comment?

A nightclub seemed the ideal environment for Julian to work in because

A he had worked in one before.
B his disability was less of a problem there.
people find it easier to express themselves.
D he responded more positively to musical vibrations.

20

When Julian told people about his idea, someone once reacted
A with a derisive comment.
B in an ironic manner.

laconically.
D with an expression of amusement.

21

The club owes its good reputation mainly to

A its convenient location.
B the decor of the building.
its disc jockeys.
D the diversity of people who go there.

22

Julian's main reason for calling the club Whispers was

A because he thought it was amusing at the time.
B to encourage people to whisper in nightclubs.
that it paradoxically conveys the volume of noise inside.
D to allude ironically to his personal disability.

~
~

1fu
..1.... B.."1
;::~:c~

PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER 2 Writing
PAPER 3 Use of English

sse Ii

You will hear two friends, Jake and Angela, discussing their lifestyles. For questions
23-28, decide whether the opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or
whether the speakers agree.
Write

for Jake

or

A
B

for Angela
for Both, where they agree.

Ii s

Question 23: Most people would

agree with this statement, but
don't assume that the person
who says this is a parent. If you
hear one of the speakers saying
something to this effect, wait to
hear whether the other speaker
agrees or not.
Question 26: What is meant by
'A contemporary lifestyle'? What
might be another way of
expressing this? If we
'eliminated' the need to work, we
wouldn't have to work any more.
Which speaker gives an example
of traditional physical work?
Question 27: Listen for an
expression which means 'have
as many new things as other
people'. The speaker also uses
an expression which means
'things always seem more
attractive when you can't have
them' to make a point about
contentment.
Question 28: What is meant by
'domestic problems'? Can you
think of alternative ways of
expressing 'resentful' and
'pressure'?

27 The acquisition of material possessions does not necessarily

make people content.

28 Domestic problems are often caused by resentful people

under pressure.

PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER2 Writing
PAPER3 Use of English

Answer these questions:

PAPER4 Listening

Do you come from a large family?

Who are you closest to in your family?
Do you have friends who are closer to you than family members?
How important is friendship to you?

Candidates A and B: Turn to pictures A-F on pages 132-133, which show images
connected with cultural attitudes to beauty. First look at pictures A and C and
discuss how our attitudes to beauty are influenced by our culture and other external
factors. You have about one minute for this.
Now look at all the pictures. Each picture illustrates a different idea of beauty. Talk
about the pictures and discuss how each one either influences people's ideas of
beauty or has been influenced by other factors.

Candidate A: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it. You
can use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own. You have
two minutes for this.
How far do our moral rights extend?
society decides
no limits in nature
until the rights of others begin
Candidate B: Is there anything you would like to add?
Candidate B: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it. You
can use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own. You have
two minutes for this.
Do we have a right to improve the quality of our lives
at the expense of the natural world?
dominion

over others

survival of the fittest

all species have the same rights
Candidate A: Is there anything you would like to add?
Candidates A and B: Now answer these questions about moral issues in general:

Is there
How far
How do
How do

such a thing as right and wrong, or good and bad in nature?

does society decide what is morally acceptable and what isn't?
moral boundaries change over time?
you decide what to do if you find yourself in a moral dilemma?

PAPER 2 Writing
PAPER 3 Use of English

Part 2
Part 3
Part 4

For questions 1-18, read the three texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)
best fits each gap.

PAPER 4 Listening
PAPER 5 Speaking

Why is it that the average man has a(n) (1)

to buying clothes? In fact, shopping
probably (2)
as high as visits to the dentist or doing the washing up on the male
'Most Hated Chores' list. While a woman may sit happily (3)
through glossy
fashion magazines, then spend hours trying to (4)
her favourite top model, her
male partner spends approximately five minutes deciding what to wear, even less
time putting it on, and is out of the front door before she has even (5)
her
underwear. Women seek out ways to look different, while men generally choose
clothes which are as (6)
as possible. She will be horrified if another woman is
wearing the same dress at a party, whereas for him, finding someone else in the same
attire will simply confirm that he belongs and is not a freak.

N'\
J\\

1 A hatred
2 A ranks
3 A roaming
4 A emulate
5 A dressed
6 A indescribable

B
B
B
B
B
B

distaste
stands
turning
envisage
worn
nondescript

C
C
C
C
C
C

aversion
places
rifling
visualise
donned
obscure

D horror
D aims
E"leafing
D embody
D adorned
D nonexistent

An old, ostensibly obsolete Thames barge has gained an unexpected (7)

of life.
A young couple have bought it and intend to (8)
it into a floating home. This
move (9)
a major change in the couple's lifestyle. 'We had been feeling
(10)
boxed in by our small flat in the centre: says Cathy Smythe, 'but with such
(11)
house prices, the possibility of moving anywhere else in the city seemed a
million years away. Then someone jokingly mentioned houseboats, and that gave us
the idea.'
A broker showed them various vessels and the Smythes saw potential in the barge.
'We (12)
for the Thames barge because of its broadness: explains David, Cathy's
husband. 'It's actually very spacious below. And, of course, the price was right!'
Let's hope that life afloat lives up to their expectations.
A spalk
A convert
9 A rates
10 A exclusively
11 A extortionate
12 A chose
7
8

B lease
B alter

e:P

marks

B extensively
B opulent
B decided

C
C
C
C
C
C

addition
transfer
infers
decidedly
stupendous
agreed

D
D
D
D
D
D

loan
adapt
announces
drastically
lavish
opted

I need help. I can't work, I can't sleep; the situation's getting out of (13)
Try as I
(14)
, I just can't resist opening the paper every morning at the puzzle page. It's
this Su Doku numbers game everyone's been (15)
about. Although it looks
straightforward
at first (16)
, it's fiendishly deceptive. You start with a simplelooking grid of nine rows by nine, split into nine boxes with nine squares in each. The
(17)
of the game is to fill in the grid so that every row, column and
the numbers one to nine. You think, no problem, I'll just have a quick go.
and I'll (18)
this. But oh, no! You get hooked. The tricky ones niggle
can't stop. I've been late for work twice this week. And now there's

box contains
Five minutes
you and you
talk of them

adding the game to mobile phones!

/13
14
15
16
17
18

A
A
A
A
A
A

sorts
could
craving
glance
task
break

B
B
B
B
B
B

world
might
longing
look
object
win

C
C
C
C
C
C

hand
can
raging
peep
exercise
crack

D mind
D should
D raving
D glimpse
D goal
D split

I need help. I can't work, I can't sleep; the situation's getting out of (13)
Try as I
(14)
, I just can't resist opening the paper every morning at the puzzle page. It's
this Su Doku numbers game everyone's been (15)
about. Although it looks
straightforward
at first (16)
, it's fiendishly deceptive. You start with a simplelooking grid of nine rows by nine, split into nine boxes with nine squares in each. The
(17)
of the game is to fill in the grid so that every row, column and box contains
the numbers one to nine. You think, no problem, I'll just have a quick go. Five minutes
and I'll (18)
this. But oh, no! You get hooked. The tricky ones niggle you and you
can't stop. I've been late for work twice this week. And now there's talk of them
adding the game to mobile phones!

/13
14
15
16
17
18

A
A
A
A
A
A

sorts
could
craving
glance
task
break

B
B
B
B
B
B

world
might
longing
look
object
win

C
C
C
C
C
C

hand
can
raging
peep
exercise
crack

D
D
D
D
D
D

mind
should
raving
glimpse
goal
split

PAPER 3 Use of English

You are going to read four extracts which are all concerned in some way with
waterways. For questions 19-26, choose the answer (A, B, C or Dj which you think
fits best according to the text.

PAPER4 Listening
PAPER 5 Speaking)

TItE
Yiannis

ECO--TRAVEllER

Reklos is a man with a mission. Born on the shores of Lake

I<erkini in northern
returning

Greece, he moved to Thessaloniki

when he was foUt~

to his village for holidays. As an adult he became concerned

that the area was dying. 'The locals seemed to be indifferent

themselves and the environment.

towards

I decided I wanted to change all that,'

he says.
Laklt I<erkini is an environmental

treasure trove. Relatively shallow, it

provides shelter and food for hundreds of species of wildlife.

Yiannis

decided to take advantage of this in order to bring life back to the area
he loved. He encouraged the locals to join him in developing eco-tourism
in the region. He now runs a successful business, Oikoperiigitis
be translated

as 'Eco-traveller'),

which

offers

visitors

(this can

comfortable

accommC2dation and guided tours by canoe, boat, bike or jeep. For the
more daring there is even pony-trekking
cooperation

from

available. Slowly but surely, with

local businessmen, Yiannis has achieved his twofold

dream - to develop the area economically

in order to preserve the

community, and at the same time protect it environmentally.

Yes, he is a

businessman, but a socially aware one. However, as he says: 'People are

showing -interest in the area and are gaining an ecological conscience, but
there's still a long way to go before the environment

is really safe.'

19 What worried Yiannis when he became an adult?

A The locals were destroying the environment.
B The villagers lacked motivation generally.
C There was no economic activity in the area.
D People wanted to abandon the village.

20 According to the text, what is Yiannis' mission?

A
B
C
D

to
to
to
to

provide visitors to the area with accommodation and leisure facilities

encourage the locals to be more active in environmental matters
take advantage of the area's beauty and biodiversity for financial gain
protect the area while encouraging socio-economic progress

open water swimmIng

As a youth I swam in the Trent - before it got filthy- hung on to rocks
in the turbulent Wye, and sampled various lakes. Growing up today, it
would be a lot harder. For wild swimming is increasingly frowned
upon. Police and local authorities take it upon themselves to
discourage any 'open water swimming'. Every year more traditional
swimming-holes and stretches of river are surrounded with fierce
notices and warnings banning anyone from trying. But this is counterproductive; these oft-used places are likely to be the safest, and kids
turning up on a hot day will just find somewhere far more dangerous,
like the canal or a faster stretch of river.
At the head of the campaign for the right to swim is the River and Lake
Swimming Association (RALSA).Its website has lists of swimmingholes but the longer list is of threats to the pastime. Councils gratefully
side with anyone who wants to stop open water swimming:
conservationists, sailors, fishing clubs and the rest. Members of
RALSA,often people who have swum all year round in their favoured
spot for years, rightly get fed up with being lectured by passing
policemen about how they might 'encourage' vulnerable children to
swim and cause 'tragedies'. Other countries are less feeble - their
citizens swim happily in remote lakes, rivers and other waterways.
Only we poor weedy British are told that it is terrible to immerse
ourselves in anything that is not rectangular, chlorinated and
supervised.

21 According to the writer, why are warnings

'cou nter-prod uctive'?
A They do not stop young
are placed.
B They do not make open
C They simply encourage
D They discourage young

against open water swimming

people from swimming

in the areas where they

water swimming any safer for young people.

young people to swim in less suitable spots.
people from swimming safely outdoors.

22 The writer feels that

A
B
C
D

the authorities are misguided in their attitude towards open water swimming.
councils are to be congratulated for banning open water swimming.
policemen should be less feeble in their attitude towards RALSA members.
the RALSA is in danger of causing tragedies by encouraging open water
swimming.

Mudlarkin

An

activity that has been

known to Londoners since
Victorian times, mudlarking is in essence 'grass roots'
archaeology. The Thames is a tidal river, and there are areas
in the capital where, when th~ tide is ebbing, anyone who is
interested may find artefacts stuck in the mud. Over the
years ancient tools, pieces of pottery, weapons and jewels
have been washed up by the tide, revealed as the water
recedes; fragments of the city's rich history, providing easy
pickings for enthusiasts.
The Port of London Authority
is responsible for issuing
permits to people wishing to dig the foreshore today. They
also set restrictions
on where you are allowed to dig. A
Standard Permit allows you to dig 7.5 cm down in certain
areas, while members of the Society of Mudlarks may
purchase a Mudlarks Digging Permit, enabling them to dig up
to one metre down. The latter
permit
imposes fewer
restrictions
concerning where one can dig. Ail finds of
potential historical interest must be taken to the Museum of
London, which already houses about a thousand finds.
It is possible, however, to make important discoveries without
digging at all, for the tide rises and falls as much as seven
metres, so there's a chance of something new being washed
up on the shoreline's surface with every tide.

23 The writer describes mudlarking

A
B
C
D

as 'grass roots' archaeology because

it involves scouring the river banks at high tide in search of artefacts.
you don't have to be a professional archaeologist to be a mudlark.
mudlarking is an easy way for archaeologists to make discoveries.
people dig around in the mud in search of historical artefacts.

24 If you do not have a licence,

A
B
C
D

you
you
you
you

cannot dig deeper than 7.5 cm beneath the surface of the mud.
can only comb the surface of the foreshore in search of finds.
are not permitted to look for artefacts along the shoreline of the river.
can only go mudlarking at certain times in restricted areas.

Gig pulling
'Give way together! ... And pull ... pull ... Come on, put your backs
into it!'
Five o'clock on a damp April afternoon, and I'm sitting
shivering with four other girls in an old, clinker-built boat in the
middle of Bristol docks. Some weird desire for self-inflicted
suffering has brought us here. Having decided to take on the boys
in the local sea scouts regatta, we found ourselves a trainer and
set to work, three times a week, an hour at a time. That may not
sound too gruelling, but these boats are heavy, as are their long
wooden oars. No lightweight, fibreglass skiffs for us! At present,
trapped in our wo<;>den
prison, the attitude we have towards our
trainer is anything but warm. He is thoroughly enjoying our
discomfort, yelling at us to work harder; a regular slave driver, the
only thing missing is his whip.
15 Cursing - for the umpteenth time - my decision to join the crew"
161grasp my oar a little too firmly, and - oops! - catch a 'crab'.
That's what you call getting your oar stuck under the water
18during a stroke, and it causes all sorts of problems to the other
190arswomen. Our trainer's dulcet tones slice through the crisp
evening air: 'Bowman, what are you playing at? Stop daydreaming
and get sorted! Now, once again, crew: give way together!'

25 Which word best describes the writer's feelings about her trainer?
A
B
C
D

respect
trepidation
exasperation
abhorrence

26 Which phrase does the writer use sarcastically?

A
B
C
D

'for the umpteenth time' (line 15)

'a little too firmly' (line 16)
'it causes all sorts of problems' (line 18)
'our trainer's dulcet tones' (line 19)

PAPER 3 Useof English

You are going to read an article about a chess grandmaster. Seven paragraphs have
been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits
each gap (27-33l. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

PAPER 4 listening
PAPER 5 Speaking

The Grandmaster and the Rookie

My first thought is that it's a long way from Leigh in
Lancashire, where Nigel Short was born. I am interviewing
him on the terrace overlooking the garden of his rambling
house in southern Greece. The early evening sun beats
down and the Mediterranean shimmers in the distance.
The life of a professional chess player is an arduous one.

CEJ

_ QTI~----------We had been looking at a chess website detailing all the

Short is now forty and, as in all sports, anno Domini takes

its toll. He is down to thirtieth in the world - grandmasters
are precisely, mercilessly even, graded according to their
performance, and Short has slipped below all those hungry
young Russians, Ukrainians and Armenians looking for
their own place in the sun. He still loves - lives for - the
game, the adrenaline rush of competition, but realises he
will never again make the top ten.

[m

Viktor Korchnoi in a simultaneous exhibition at the age of

ten, played in the British championship at twelve
(defeating the ten times British champion Jonathan
Penrose), beat grandmaster Tony Miles at fourteen and
became a grandmaster himself at nineteen.

Not that everyone, hitherto, has quite appreciated the

appeal. Chess as an international sport gets tucked away in
tiny paragraphs in the press; the world's leading players
remain nothing more than exotic names. Until the all-toomortal nature of the struggle over the chessboard is
communicated, chess will continue to be jammed, in tiny
print, between bowls and darts. That will be Short's
demanding job - to make chess come alive.

@]-----------My chess credentials are ropey: learned the game at

eleven; played for my school but always on lower boards to
avoid strong opponents; came third in Newport undereighteen championship (my sole chess prize). Now I play
endless low-grade chess on the internet, against unnamed
amnesiacs all around the world. I am not promising
material.

[}Q]~----------Short has lived and breathed chess since the age of six,
when his father showed him the moves. He beat the great

elite games that had been played worldwide in the past

week - 2,500 of them, anyone of which might contain some
important opening innovation. 'Even if you just cast your
eye over these things, spend three minutes on each ... '. He
laughs and leaves the implication hanging, but I calculate
later that spending three minutes studying each of those
games would take 125 hours a week.

@J

The 1993 match against Kasparov was a watershed for

Short, and he never quite climbed those heights again.
'Getting to the world championship final was probably
about as good as I could manage,' he says. 'It's difficult to
motivate yourself and it becomes self-fulfilling. You think,
"Well, maybe if I work very, very hard again, I can do
exactly the same again and then lose to Kasparov." It's a
depressing feeling. '

CEJ

Meanwhile, he is optimistic about the future of the sport.

'If, and when, some new people come in who are more
business-minded, I think chess will take off again,' he says.
'Chess has huge advantages over many other sports in that
it is played all over the world. It's a game for the internet
age, a game where I can be sitting here in a village with
goats and chickens and donkeys, and I can go on the
internet and be playing some leading grandmaster in
Russia or the Philippines.' The whole world in sixty-four
squares.

A But he has an even harder task, which is why 1 have

turned up in Greece to wreck his family's summer

holiday. He has to try to teach me to play well. 1 have
been playing chess for almost forty years, and 1 am still
truly hopeless. Turning me into a 'strong' player will,
he admits, be his greatest challenge.
B Short's career was dominated by his rivalry with Garry
Kasparov, the player with the highest rating of all time.
They met as juniors, then as grandmasters, and finally
in the 1993 world championship. Kasparov came out
on top in 1993, as he usually had. 'I had him on the
ropes in several games,' recalls Short, 'but he was
iJilcrediblytenacious. He suffered in a lot of the games,
but because of his resilience 1 wasn't able to put him
out. 1 discovered there was more to his genius than just
his opening preparation, though that is one of his great
strengths.'
C But if Short will be playing less chess, he will instead be
commentating more and evangelising on behalf of a
sport that has lost its way in recent years. He will be
writing a weekly column and occasional longer articles
on the characters who populate chess's fascinating
world.
D Actually, it is: a continuous round of cheap hotels and
cut-throat tournaments for not much prize money.
Like the game itself, it's a constant battle for survival.
But Short has been lucky. He has been lucky because
he is good: once rated third in the world, he
challenged
Garry
Kasparov
for the world
championship in 1993 in a match, played in London,
that briefly got chess onto live national television.
E Former world chess champion Emanuel Lasker once
said that, given 100 hours with a novice player, he
could turn him into an expert. Actually, this is one of
those quotes, like 'You dirty rat', that is difficult to
source. But you get the gist: chess has a clear set of
rules and stratagems that you don't have to be a genius
to absorb; we can all aspire to mastery.

F The Short-Kasparov match was also a watershed for

world chess, creating a schism that has still not been
healed. The two protagonists fell out with Fide, the
sport's world governing body, over money, and
organised the final themselves, with a purse of 1.7
million pounds. Fide organised a rival final between
the two players beaten by Short in previous rounds,
and world chess has since endured a boxing-style split,
with at least two players claiming to be world
champion. It's a mess, but there are hopes that over the
next twelve months the world title will be reunified,
starting with the Fide world championship tournament
being played in Argentina from September 27 to
October 16. Short will be at that eight-player
championship as commentator rather than player - the
poacher turned gamekeeper.
G Short knows it, too. 'Chess is inherently a difficult
game,' he cautions me. 'There aren't any very easy
answers. You often find in the course of chess
development that you have to unlearn what you have
already learned. You have to take a step backwards in
order to move forwards.'
H He never wanted to be anything else other than a
professional chess player. 'As soon as 1 knew that
professional players existed, 1 wanted to be one,' he
says. 'I loved the game and wanted to devote myself to
it. Chess is a very demanding mistress. It requires a
colossal amount of time. If you are to study chess
seriously, the amount of work is endless. You got some
sense of that this afternoon.'

You are going to read an extract from a book about an architect. For questions 34-40,
choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
PAPER3 Use of English
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
PAPER4 listening
PAPER5 Speaking

he first impression created by Tadao Ando's

architecture is that of its materiality. His powerful
concrete walls set a limit. Beyond this point there is no
passage but that which is opened by his will. A second
impression of Tadao Ando's architecture is its tactility.
Hard walls seem soft to the touch. They exclude then
enclose, admitting light, wind and the passingvisitor, who
leaves behind the disorder of everyday existence to be
sheltered in a realm of stillness. A third impression of
Tadao Ando's architecture is its emptiness. Within, only
light and space surround the visitor.

Enso, the mysterious circles drawn by Zen Buddhist

monks in a single stroke, symbolise emptiness, oneness,
and the moment of enlightenment. The circle and other
rigorous geometric forms are the vocabulary of Ando,
related as much to Western architecture as to any Eastern
thought. He cites the Pantheon in Rome as an influence
on his work; proof that simple shapes fashioned with a
mastery of light and materials can create a transcendent
space. He speaksalso of the 'Prisons' in Piranesi's Carceri
d'invenzioni whose 'dynamic verticality' contrasts with
the horizontal emphasis of much traditional Japanese
architecture, which is 'non-geometric and irregular' by
nature. Tadao Ando has said that a goal of his work is to
bring together these apparently divergent ideas of space in
a 'unified transcendent architecture'. What Ando seeks,
and what he finds in his best work, is the simplicity of
perfection, a faultless circle drawn by a steady hand in a
single stroke.
Winner of the 1992 Carlsberg prize, the 1995 Pritzker
prize, the 1996 Praemium Imperiale, and the 2002 Kyoto
prize, Tadao Ando is today at the height of his career,
called on to build major buildings from Fort Worth to
Naoshima in the Inland Seaof Japan. Looking out from the
hilltop annex of the Naoshima Museum of Contemporary
Art toward the framed view of cone-shaped islands,
feeling the gentle breeze on a sunny day, one feels as
c1ose'to architectural perfection as possible. A great deal
of the meaning of Tadao Ando's work can be captured in
those fleeting instants when nature's presence ebbs and
flows past his concrete walls.
Born in Osaka in 1941, Tadao Ando is unusual in that
he was self-educated as an architect, largely through
travels in the United States, Europe, and Africa
(1962-1969).
He founded Tadao Ando Architect &

Associates in Osaka in 1969. When asked how he came to

be interested in architecture, he replied, 'As it happens
work was carried on where I lived when I was 15, and I
got to know some of the carpenters. About the same time,
in a used bookstore, I saw a book on the complete work
of Le Corbusier. I recopied some of his drawings, and I
would say that that is how I began to be interested in
architecture. '
Although the influence on Ando of Le Corbusier and
others such as Louis Kahn is often cited, it is interesting to
note that the first project that brought him public
attention, the so-called Azuma House (Row House,
Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 1975-76) is already very much a
personal creation. On a small site (57.3 square metres)
inserted into a row of narrow houses, the simple concrete
facade and equally unadorned doorway stand out without
breaking the rhythm of the street. Old wood houses that
formerly lined the street have given way to a hodgepodge
of generally undistinguished modern residences.Although
this residential area of Osaka is somewhat less chaotic in
appearance than many other parts of a metropolis with a
population density of 11,793 persons per square
kilometre (1995), there is a marked contrast between this
concrete slab and its environment. Stepping through the
door, the visitor need no longer be conscious of the
outside world. The house is divided into three equal
sections - a living room and kitchen below, and two
bedrooms above, separated by an external courtyard, and
the stairway up to the second floor. Access to the
bathroom on the ground floor from the bedrooms
requires the resident to pass through the courtyard. This
fact surprises Western visitors but seems to be of little
concern to the Japanese,who, as Ando says, 'are used to
living with the rhythms of nature.' As for its limited
dimensions, with total floor space of 64.7 square metres,
the Sumiyoshi Row House exceeds the average size of an
Osaka dwelling (estimated at 61 square metres in 1993).
Despite its rigorously geometric design, this house, with
its unusual facade and open central courtyard, is closely
related both to local architecture and to Japanese
traditions. By excluding the chaotic environment and
admitting nature, Ando also developed what would
become one of the central themes in his work in this
house, which won a prize from the JapaneseArchitectural
Association.

34

What does the writer mean by the 'materiality' of Ando's buildings?

A the limits set by his concrete walls
B the sense of control reflected in the solid walls
C the type of building materials he employs
D the passages that penetrate their concrete walls

35 Why does the writer mention Enso?

A to illustrate how Ando's work is influenced by geometric shapes
B to emphasise the simple perfection of the circle in architecture
C because it is a word Ando often uses to talk about architecture
D because it contributes

to the beauty of buildings

like the Pantheon

36

Ando's aim in creating a 'unified transcendent architecture' is

A to create a fashion in the use of geometric shapes in architecture.
B to emulate the work of Piranesi.
C to break free from the irregular nature of traditional Japanese architecture.
D to create a harmonious marriage of conflicting principles in architecture.

37

What does the writer imply is 'architectural perfection'?

A the contrast created between a building and the natural environment
around it
B the use of nature to transcend the structure of a building
C buildings which acknowledge and welcome the presence of nature
D buildings which go beyond the usual limits of architecture

38 Ando's interest in architecture was stimulated

A
B
C
D

by his travels abroad.

by a second-hand book.
when he got involved in construction work.
when some carpenters re-built his home.

39 The Azuma House

A contrasts with the old wood houses lining the rest of the street.
B is easily distinguished yet blends into its surroundings.
C is limited in space by Japanese standards.
D bears the mark of Le Corbusier's influence on the architect.

40 We can infer from the text that the writer particularly

A
B
C
D

the
the
the
the

admires
use of contrasting shapes in Ando's designs.
mastery Ando has over his choice of materials.
lighting effects that Ando is able to create in his buildings.
sense of peace and harmony in Ando's buildings.

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 300-350 words in an
appropriate style.

PAPER4 Listening
PAPER 5 Speaking

1 You are a drama student. Your course tutor has asked you to submit an essay
comparing the popularity of the theatre with that of the cinema in today's society.
You have made the following notes on the topic:

CaVl teeVlagei"s
i"elate

to

Emph.asis

it?

OVI plot

aVId dialoglAe?

Theat~e

Emph.asis
OVI actioVl?
MOi"e

stimlAlatiVlg

fOi" }:'olAVlgstei"s?

Cinema

Write an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in
300-350 words in an appropriate style.

PAPER 3 Use of English

PAPER 4 Listening
PAPER 5 Speaking

2 You work for a local newspaper, whose circulation figures have been steadily
falling over the last six months. The editor has asked you to submit a report,
based on opinions expressed by members of the public, regarding the
newspaper's content, level of interest and how it compares to the national
newspapers, and make suitable recommendations for improvement.

3 An environmental magazine has invited readers to send in articles on local

wildlife, describing how urban development is affecting its survival, and what
steps, if any, are being taken to protect it. You decide to write about some of the
wildlife in your area.

4 You recently travelled to work by train, and were appalled because the train was
dirty and the canteen facilities were poor. Due to work on the tracks, your train
failed to arrive at its destination on time, which made you late for work. You have
decided to write a letter of complaint to the railway company, expressing your
views and stating what you expect them to do about the problem.

3
PAPER 1 Reading
For questions 1-15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0).

PAPER 2 writing

PAPER 4 Listening
PAPER 5 Speaking

Part 2
Part 3

Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Part 4

Part 5

The common

cold is the world's

(0)

common

illness,

which

is

probably why there are more myths about it than any of the other plagues that flesh
is heir to. The most common

fallacy (1)

all is that colds are caused

by cold. They are not. You may certainly feel (2)

comfortable

go out in winter with wet hair, but you won't be any (3)
to rhinoviruses,

which are the true cause of colds. (4)

a cold more easily by (5)

(6)

windows.

resulting

The

(9)

poor

ventilation

to easier transmission

In fact, you

(12)

body

scientific

temperatures

higher

living in inhospitable

are more

likely

to suffer

studies have found

and

susceptibility

that psychological

weaker immune system can (15)

relative

and close the

humidity

can

of the cold virus. The Inuit of the Arctic

you are over-exposed

Numerous

and

infected

to catch more
up the heating

regions, however, (10)

(14)

to others

the virus. The reason why we (7)

is because we (8)

colds.

,you will catch

in close proximity

colds in winter

if you

susceptible

rarely catch
hypothermia

to cold temperatures.

no correlation
to

conditions,

(11)

colds.

(13)

Conversely,

stress, allergic

disorders,

lower
studies

seem

to

poor diet and a

a person susceptible to colds.

PAPER 1 Reading
For questions 16-25, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end
of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is
an example at the beginning (0).

PAPER2 Writing

PAPER4 listening
PAPER5 Speaking

Write your answers in CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Part 3
Part 4
Part 5

Cacti have enjoyed

gardeners

spanning

an (0)

to their unusual appearance:

(16)

popularity

several centuries.

among

Perhaps this is due in part

more often than not, they consist of

stems covered in spines. Unlike other plants,

cacti can squat in their pots, (17)

animation,

for

development;

months,

SWELL

in suspended

showing

little

sign

of

growth

APPEAR

or

then suddenly, their flowers will burst forth, dazzling

observers with their (18)

vibrant colours. Added

to this is the fact that they come in a huge (19)

GLORY

of

VARIOUS

shapes, sizes and forms, so many gardeners, myself included, find

themselves

(20)

drawn

to these extraordinary

plants.
You

do

not

(21)

have

to

be an expert

to

grow

cacti,

and

needn't be concerned about cultivating

the
them

because they are among the easiest of plants to care for. Their
(22)
compost

are simple and few. Plenty of light, a little

and occasional

watering

healthy. Also, their hardy constitution

to withstand

harsh climatic conditions

will

keep them

and
them

in the wild. So should you

neglect to water them, they are (24)

this reason, I recommend

happy

(23)

to object. For

them to the young (25)

who ask me about starting their own windowsill

.
gardens.

LIKE
ENTHUSE

PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER 2 Writing

PAPER4 Listening

For questions 26-31, think of one word only which can be used appropriately
three sentences. Here is an example (0).

in all

Example:

PAPER 5 Speaking

We are setting off at first

She had to explain the matter to me again before I saw the

26

27

28

Some interesting

, so please go to bed early.

new findings

Ann is astute and can

have come to

her own in any meeting.

Can you

the line while I connect you to Mr Brown's office?

He is very restless and finds it difficult to

long.

She seems to have a sixth

There was a
home.

down a job for

about people's foibles.

of longing in her voice as she spoke of her

She put the

cash in the office safe, locked up and went

home.

29

He was convicted of
prison.

theft and sentenced to two months in

Just because she's a girl, it doesn't necessarily

that she

likes pink!

30

31

Whatever Sally did, Tina would

initiative herself.

I can usually
me.

suit, never taking the

what he says, but all that jargon confused

Having read the

of the contract, she signed her name.

In

of its content, the book lacks substance.

They've just moved in but they are already on first name

with their neighbours.

When I saw her, she was still

discovering the body.

While he was

He was

from the shock of

in the fish, it broke free and swam away.

off the names of the players in the various teams.

PAPER 1 Reading
For questions 32-39, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning
to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You

PAPER 2 Writing

... .

must use between three and eight words, including the word given. Here is an
example (0).

PAPER 4 listening

Example:

PAPER 5 Speaking

Part 5

He struggled to open the door.

difficulty

He

32

David never expressed regret for hurting his mother.

had difficulty

the door.

in opening

1=0= I

time
At
33

regret for hurting his mother.

There are plans to close down the cinema due to poor attendance levels.
threat
The cinema
levels.

34

due to poor attendance

The machine looks dangerous, but I'll believe it's safe if you say so.
take
The machine doesn't look safe, but

35

it.

Once signed, this contract is binding.

by
As soon as you sign,
36

Looking back, I really believe I did everything

this contract.
I could to stop her.

hindsight
I can honestly say,
37

more to stop her.

If you refuse to go to bed until three, naturally you're going to be tired!

insist
If you
going to be tired!

until three, naturally you're

name
She has
39

a novelist.

He often gets ill at this time of year.

prone
He

at this time of year.

PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER2 Writing

For questions 40-44, read the following

texts on advertising

and children. For

questions 40-43, answer with a word or short phrase. For question 44, write a
summary according to the instructions given.

PAPER4 Listening
. PAPER 5 Speaking

A
6
7

nearly all consumer-goods

manufacturers
are now targeting
children in their advertising campaigns, market research teams, who
advise the larger firms, are developing increasingly sophisticated
psychological techniques to entice children into wanting products. No
qualms about the ethics of a product's suitability for youngsters. Their
objective is to sell, and sell at any price. In other words, 'theirs not to
reason why, theirs but to sell or cry'. Or something like that.

The 'in' phrase in marketing these days is the 'nag factor'. According to
experts, advertisers exploit two kinds of nagging: persistent nagging of the
tantrum kind, and importance nagging, where a (usually older) child
convinces his worn-out parent that he 'really needs' the product in
question.
Insidious messages that prey upon a child's insecurities pervade
advertisements, implying that if the child doesn't buy a particular product,
he is an idiot or he'll be an outcast and won't fit in. Corporations use these
messages to lure young consumers who, they hope, will remain with them
for the rest of their purchasing lives. They see children's minds not just as
economic resources to tap into today, but ones with a potentially bright
spending future that need to be held onto. So advertisements don't just
sell products but an image of the world in which buying becomes the main
purpose in life. The effects of this are far-reaching, and for many, a cause
for alarm.

40 Explain what the writer means by 'theirs not to reason why, theirs but to sell or
cry'. (lines 6-7)

y four-year-old has learned a new tune and he hums it to

himself all the time. Unfortunately, he didn't pick it up from
nursery school but from the TV. It appears it's the jingle that
accompanies the commercial for a large toy shop chain. Harmless
enough, you may think. Nonetheless, I find it worrying that many
young children remember advertisements as well as they do their
favourite bedtime stories, and are able to reel off company
slogans without even blinking. Also unnerving is their uncanny
ability to recognise particular brand names. There's got to be
something wrong with a six-year-old child demanding a pair of
brand-name trainers, or a girl of ten refusing to buy anything but
a particular designer label because she wants to be cool like her
friends. Such companies have managed to create a powerful image
around their products and children have become a prime target.
Perhaps more alarming stiLLis the influence of the Internet. The
present lack of regulations allows advertisers to promote products
unchecked, and children are almost invariably online alone and
unsupervised, making them easy prey. They also have more time
to surf, and companies capitalise on their natural inquisitiveness
by deviously encouraging them to explore and take advantage of
the latest offers. I feel strongly that there is an urgent need for
legislation regarding online advertising, but although several
organisations are already trying to curb this relentless
brainwashing of young people, they have as yet been ineffective.
As a result, parents who endeavour to protect their children are
becoming increasingly isolated.

42 Which phrase in the first paragraph echoes the subject of the early part of the
first text?

43 Why is the Internet such an attractive medium for advertisers who want to
reach young people?

44

In a paragraph of 50-70 words, summarise in your own words as far as

possible the reasons mentioned in both texts why advertisers aim their
campaigns at children. Write your summary on the separate answer sheet.

PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER 2 Writing

You will hear four different extracts. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B or C)
which fits best according to what you hear. There are two questions for each

PAPER 3 Use of English

extract:

Part 2
Part 3
Part 4

How does the woman feel about the fact that the man has
made the cheese himself?
A nonplussed
B envious
C impressed

The olive oil

A gives the cheese extra flavour.
B helps the cheese stay fresh.
C makes the cheese go yellow.

The woman is prone to

A agoraphobia.
B vertigo.
C panic attacks.

How does she feel about the fact that she has this affliction?
A frustrated
B embarrassed
C terrified

To Edward, working with horses demands

A sacrifices.
B determination.
C dedication.

In order to enter riders for competitions,

the stables need

A trained athletes.
B extra backing.
C approval from the Federation.

In order to be allowed to sit the flying exam, you must have

A completed six months of training.
B flown for at least fourteen hours.
C flown for twenty-five

You cannot automatically

hours on your own.

renew your pilot's licence

A unless you get approval from an instructor.

B unless you keep a monthly

record of your flying hours.

C unless you fly at least five hours a year.

PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER 2 Writing

You will hear a man called Neil Brown giving a talk about cycling. For questions
9-17, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

PAPER 3 Use of English

The Cycle Campaign Network promotes cycling as a

ITJ,

I
Cycling helps reduce pollution

Local authorities

caused by

a sport, and a means of transport.

c:IQJ

from cars and also traffic noise.

DTI

are starting to emphasise I

by developing

Cycling is now being taught at a number of

special cycle routes.

QIJ

However, if the project is to develop,

I====================[!!]

will be needed.

A regimen of regular cycling can prevent

----1"1"'Al

___________

disease and strokes.

It also makes your body better able to recover from

I
Neil suggests that an individual's

Q!J

may be enhanced by cycling to work.

The majority

of organised cycling events are

~IJ::!Jto anyone

wishing to take part.

PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER 2 Writing

You will hear an interview with Norma Powell, who is a financial advisor. For
questions 18-22, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what

PAPER3 Use of English

you hear.

18 Young people are tempted to live beyond their means because

A they consider they have a right to use credit cards and store cards.
B they may be unaware of the extent of the debts they incur.
C they may be unable to pay cash for consumer goods.
D they have become more materialistic as a result of using
credit cards.

19 Norma believes the main reason young people get into debt is due to
A the large numbers of credit cards available to them.
B the overdrafts they create at university.
C the fact that they can't find a job.
D the lack of financial advice from parents.

20 She thinks that if parents have a responsible attitude to money,

A their children will be more likely to follow their advice.
B they will be able to demonstrate the dangers of getting into debt.
C their children will follow their advice but not their example.
D they will be able to build up some savings for their children.

21 A
A
B
C
D

fixed amount of pocket money

forces a child to save money.
teaches a child to budget.
makes a child feel independent.
gives a child a saving strategy.

22 Teenagers sometimes
A
B
C
D

they
they
they
they

find it difficult to save because

want to buy clothes all the time.

don't want to listen to their parents.
are influenced by friends and advertising.
have lost sight of what is important in life.

3
PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER 2 writing
PAPER 3 Use of English

;i

PAPER 5 Speaking

You will hear two teachers, Tim and Jane, discussing a proposal to introduce
computer games into the classroom. For questions 23-28, decide whether the
opinions are expressed by only one of the speakers, or whether the speakers agree.
Write
or

23

for Tim

for Jane
for Both, where they agree.

Games need to serve educational

to be useful in schools.

requirements

if they are

24 The introduction of games into schools would exacerbate

an existing problem.

25 Far from isolating children, computer

games encourage them

to play together.

27 Some existing games can be developed to provide

support in certain subjects.

28 A clear strategy of how the games will be used needs to be

worked out.

_uJ

80

PAPER 1 Reading
PAPER 2 writing
PAPER 3 Use of English

Answer these questions:

PAPER4 Listening

How important

do you think it is to learn other languages?

In what way will English be useful to you in the future?

Could you imagine yourself living in another country?
What do you think you might be doing in ten years' time?

Candidates A and 8: Turn to pictures A-G on pages 134-135, which show images
connected with money and some of its effects on our life. First look at pictures A
and B and discuss how these methods of payment affect our spending. You have
about one minute for this.
Now look at all the pictures. You are editing a magazine article on consumerism,
and need to choose some photographs to accompany it. Discuss the aspects of
consumerism illustrated by each picture, and then decide which ones would be the
most suitable for inclusion in the magazine. You have about three minutes for this.

Candidate A: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it. You
can use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own. You have
two minutes for this.
Are trends in our society destroying

our ability

to think for ourselves?

the Internet
advertising
popular music TV channels
Candidate 8: Is there anything you would like to add?
Candidate 8: Look at the question in the box and say what you think about it. You
can use the ideas in the box if you like or add some ideas of your own. You have
two minutes for this.
Is there room in our technology-obsessed

society for

subjects like literature and philosophy?

people's dependence on machines
need for ideas
escapism
Candidate A: Is there anything you would like to add?
Candidates A and 8: Now answer these questions about technology

in general:

How have the mobile phone and the Internet affected our ability to communicate?
Has technology made the world a better place?
Can you envisage a world without books as we know them?

mI_2

I believe our perceptions of beauty are

influenced by our culture.
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
Beauty is only skin deep.
While there's some truth in that, I think it's also
true to say ...
Can you honestly say that is so? I mean,
what about ... ?
There's no accounting for taste!
Emphasis seems to be placed on headwear/
decorative jewellery.
Whereas the woman in this picture has a
distinctive hairstyle/style of dress, the woman
in picture (B) ...
It's not so much what you wear as the way you
wear it.
Posture is really important.
To some people this might be attractive, but
I find it rather off-putting.
accessories
complexion
cosmetics
decorative
elegant
fabric
facial features
figure
fit-looking
hairstyle
headdress

make-up
muscle-bound
ornate
ostentatious
overweight
pierced ears/nose
posture
prominent nose/chin
stylish
style of dress
vibrant

mft"",""-3

Money can't buy happiness but it helps!

Plastic money provides apparently

limitless spending power.

Young people run up huge debts.

Credit cards encourage a 'simply must have' attitude towards material
goods.
Photograph

(A) seems to be relevant/irrelevant

I think we could do away/dispense

that ...
accumulate
acquisition
affluence/wealth
bankruptcy
budget
buy consumer goods on credit
buy on impulse
consumer society
credit card
debt
desire to impress others
expend itu re
greed

to ...

with picture (A) on the grounds

interest rates
keeping up with the Joneses
lack of financial awareness
materialistic
material possessions
peer pressure
personal loan
plastic money
poverty/destitution
shopping spree
status symbol
stock market
stocks and shares

fend for yourself (phr) to look after yourself without relying on help
from others
threshold (n) if you are on the threshold of something exciting or
new, you are about to experience it
wry (adj) referring to a bad situation in an amusing way

PAPER 2 writing

HPART3
anthem (n) a song which is used to represent a particular nation,
society or group, and which is sung on special occasions
stud (n) a small piece of metal that is attached to a surface for
decoration

~~PART 1

HPART 5

infiltration (n) the act of entering an organisation or group secretly in

order to influence it
cyber cafe (n) a cafe with computers where people can pay to use the
Internet
engrossed (adj) if you are engrossed in something, it holds your
attention
zombie (n) a person whose face or behaviour shows no feeling,
understanding or interest in what is going on around them

exert (v) to use influence, authority or pressure in a strong or

determined way, especially in order to produce a particular effect
inevitable (adj) certain to happen; unavoidable
compromise (v) to do something which damages someone's position
or their reputation
designation (n) a description, name or title that is given to something
pristine (adj) extremely clean or new
indigenous (adj) indigenous people or things belong to the country in
which they are found, rather than coming there or being brought
there from another country
prudent (adj) sensible and careful
conduct (n) the way someone behaves in particular situations

PAPER3 Use of English

~~PART 1
hieroglyphics (n) symbols in the form of pictures which are used in
some writing systems, for example those of ancient Egypt
linguistic (adj) relating to language or linguistics
baffle (v) to confuse someone
decipher (v) to work out what a piece of writing says, even though it
is very difficult to read or understand
slab (n) a thick, flat piece of something, such as a stone
basalt (n) a type of black rock that is produced by volcanoes
fortress (n) a castle or other large strong building which is intended to
be difficult for enemies to enter
inscription (n) writing carved into something made of stone or metal,
for example a gravestone or medal

HPART 2
rabies (n) a serious disease which causes people and animals to go
mad and die
lair (n) a place where a wild animal lives, usually a place which is
underground or well-hidden
flap (v) if a bird or insect flaps its wings, the wings move quickly up
and down
sonar (n) a method of finding the position of an object using sound
waves
nocturnal (adj) occurring at night
navigation (n) the science of deciding which course to follow and
steering a ship or an aircraft there
echolocation (n) a system used by some animals to determine the
position of an object by measuring how long it takes for an echo to
return from the object
groom (v) to clean an animal's fur, usually by brushing it
contract (v) to become ill with a serious illness or disease
pest (n) an insect or small animal which damages crops or food
supplies
nectar (n) a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other
insects collect
pollen (n) a fine powder produced by flowers which fertilises other
flowers of the same species so that they produce seeds
enigma (n) something or someone that is mysterious or difficult to
understand
tangle (v) to twist together in an untidy way
vaccine (n) a substance containing a harmless form of the germs that
cause a particular disease which is given to people, usually by
injection, to prevent them getting that disease
exclude (v) to prevent someone from entering a place or taking part in
an activity

nII_2

PAPER 1 Reading
~~PART 1
graphology (n) the study of people's handwriting in order to discover
what sort of personality they have
consultant (n) a person who gives expert advice to a person or
organisation on a particular subject
friction (n) disagreement and argument between people
assessment (n) a judgement about someone or something after they
have been considered or reviewed
invertebrate (n) a creature that does not have a spine
track (v) to follow someone's or something's movements, often by
means of a special device such as a satellite or radar
bait (v) to put food on a hook or in a trap in order to catch fish or
animals
behemoth (n) something extremely large in size or power
crone (n) an ugly old woman
wisp (n) a small, thin, untidy bunch of hair
flash (v) if you flash a look or a smile at someone, you suddenly look
at them or smile at them
gums (n) the areas of firm, pink flesh inside your mouth, which your
teeth grow out of
swirl (v) to move round and round quickly

~. PART 2
perfunctory (adj) done quickly and carelessly and showing a lack of
interest in what you are doing
consolidation (n) the strengthening of something you have, such as
power, knowledge or success, so that it becomes more effective or
secure
aptitude test (n) a test that is specially designed to find out how
easily and how well you can do something
facilitate (v) to make an action or process easier or more likely to
happen
in decline (phr) gradually decreasing in importance, quality or power
atrocious (adj) of poor quality; very bad
obesity (n) the state of being extremely fat
capacity (n) the ability to do something, or the amount of it that you
are able to do
grievous (adj) extremely serious or worrying in its effects

curtail (v) to reduce; to limit

reckoning (n) a calculation made about something, especially a
calculation that is not very exact
squat (v) to lower yourself towards the ground, balancing on your
eet with your legs bent
muster (v) to gather something together so that you can use it more
effectively
peer (v) to look at something very hard, usually because it is difficult
'0 see clearly
ghoul (n) an imaginary evil spirit
spectre (n) a ghost
stark (adj) very plain in appearance
ecay (v) to be gradually destroyed by a natural process
randeur (n) the impressiveness of a building or piece of scenery,
~sually because of its size, beauty or power
- geyman (n) an imaginary evil spirit
ulse (n) the regular beating of blood through your body, which you
~n feel when you touch particular parts of your body, especially your
!Tist
isk off (phr v) to take someone away or move them there quickly
nflict (n) a state of mind in which you find it impossible to make a
:. ision
. Ie (v) to try hard to do something in spite of very difficult
- umstances
. ordial (adj) belonging to a very early time in the history of the
:. Id
ak (v) to say something in a low, rough voice
ont (v) to stand or sit in front of someone, especially when you
oing to fight, argue or compete with them
late (adj) able to express your thoughts and ideas easily and
erant (adj) full of energy, excitement and cheerfulness
ken aback (phr v) if you are taken aback by something, you are
_ 'sed or shocked by it and you cannot respond at once
e up (phr v) not to express or show strong feelings, especially
- his makes you tense or angry
-' out on someone (phr) to behave in an unpleasant way towards
- ne because you feel angry or upset, even though this is not
':ault
ge (v) to imagine that something is true, real or likely to happen
" In) something which people often say and which expresses a
=01 truth about some aspect of life
to quote or mention something, especially as an example or
what you are saying
ate (v) to learn or adopt new ideas, techniques or information
- Ie (adj) if a law or principle is inviolable, you must not break it
) a principle on which a theory or belief is based

3
~~;vnthesis
(n) the process by which green plants make their food
':: - light, carbon dioxide and water
. hie (adj) used to describe the use of natural resources when
..::2 is kept at a steady level that is not likely to damage the
_- ent
::: j) slightly wet
:0 become ripe or ready for eating
: increase quickly by a great deal
hed (adj) physically weak because you do not eat enough
: not eat the right kind of food
:::alant that has long stems with feathery leaves and no

_=s:~.

- a plant that has no flowers, leaves or green colouring, such

-- oom or a toadstool
n) an invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda,
: des the insects, crustaceans, arachnids and myriapods.

~~m

Arthropods are characterised by a chitinous exoskeleton and a

segmented body to which jointed appendages are articulated in pairs.
amphibian (n) an animal such as a frog or toad that can live both on
land and in water
reptile (n) a cold-blooded animal whose skin is covered with scales,
and which lays eggs. Snakes, lizards, tortoises and crocodiles are
reptiles.
oblivion (n) extinction; total destruction
vertebrate (n) an animal which has a spine. Fish, birds, amphibians,
reptiles and mammals are vertebrates.
mollusc (n) an animal such as a snail, clam or octopus which has a
soft body. Many molluscs have a hard shell to protect them.
colonise (v) when animals colonise a place, they go to live there and
make it their home; when an area is colonised by a type of plant, the
plant grows there in large amounts
cockroach (n) a large brown insect that is sometimes found in warm
places or where food is kept
flea (n) a very small jumping insect that has no wings and feeds on
the blood of humans or animals
tick (n) a small creature which lives on the bodies of people or
animals and uses their blood as food
lusty (adj) healthy and full of strength and energy
biodiversity (n) the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal
species living in their natural environment
see off (phr v) to defeat (an opponent)
native (n) a plant or animal that lives or grows in a particular region
or area naturally and was not brought there
premises (n) the buildings and land that occupy one place
alien (adj) not belonging to a place naturally
graze (v) to eat the grass or other plants that are growing in a
particular place
browse (v) to feed on plants
regenerate (v) to heal and grow again after being damaged
silt up (phr v) to become choked with fine sand, sailor mud that is
carried by a river
mangrove (n) a tree with roots which are above the ground and that
grows along coasts or on the banks of large rivers in hot countries
swamp (n) an area of very wet land with wild plants growing in it
drain (v) to dry a place by causing water to flow out of it
dissipate (v) when something dissipates, it becomes less or becomes
less strong until it disappears or goes away completely
resilient (adj) able to recover easily and quickly from unpleasant or
damaging events
simultaneous (adj) happening or existing at the same time
prairie (n) a large area of flat, grassy land in North America
uplands (n) areas of high land
heath land (n) an area of open land covered with rough grass or
heather and with very few trees or bushes
down lands (n) areas of low, flat land
estuary (n) the wide part of a river where it joins the sea
coral reef (n) a long narrow mass of small sea animals, rocks and
plants, the top of which is usually just above or just below the surface
of the sea
diversity in) a range of things which are very different from each
other
evict (v) to force someone to leave the place where they are living
assembly (n) a collection
migrate (v) to move at a particular season from one part of the world
or from one part of a country to another, usually in order to breed or
to find new feeding grounds
perish (v) to die as a result of very harsh conditions or as the result of
an accident
export (v) to send something or someone to another place
orbit (v) to move around a sun or planet in a continuous, curving path
habitable (adj) good enough to live in

gross economic

product

(n) the total value of all the goods a country

has produced and the services it has provided in a particular

including its income from investments in other countries
hectare (n) a measurement

year,

(n) a minority

income (n) the amount of income you have left after you

class (n) the division

ghetto

parched (adj) very dry because there has been no rain

of a particular

erode (v) to gradually

everyone

example

by natural processes, for

of people in a society into groups according

to

their social status

gender (n) a person's gender is the fact that they are male or female

have paid income tax and social security charges

destroy something

of people or things in a larger group is a

number of them that forms less than half of the larger group, usually
much less than half

of an area of land which is equal to 10,000

square metres
disposable

minority

(n) a part of a city in which many poor people or many people

race, religion

or nationality

live separately

from

else

rain, wind, etc.

aquifer (n) an area of rock underneath

absorbs and holds water
logarithmic (adj) described

the surface of the earth which

by a mathematical

formula

of a number is a number that it can be represented

make a difficult
piecemeal

multiplication

(adv) gradually,

or division

(the logarithm

by in order to

~~ PART 1
franchise

(n) an authority

someone,

sum simpler)

usually at irregular

PAPER2 writing

intervals,

and in a way

allowing

methodical

that is given by an organisation

to

them to sell its goods or services

(adj) careful, thorough

and precise

scruffy (adj) dirty and untidy

that is not satisfactory

~~PART 2

~~PART 4
capture (v) to represent or express a particular
atmosphere

quality, feeling or

successfully

immigrant

(n) a person who has come to live in a country from some

(n) a separate part of a magazine or newspaper,

dealing with a particular topic

turning point (n) a time at which an important

often

change takes place

which affects the future of a person or thing

other country
demystify

supplement

(v) to make something

clear explanation

easier to understand

by giving a

of it

PAPER3 Use of English

pave the way (phr) to create a situation

likely that something

in which it is possible or more

nPART

else will happen

host (n) a host of things is a lot of them

leonine (adj) like a lion

noble (adj) admirable;

constellation

having good qualities

anguish (n) great mental suffering

contradiction

(n) something

that is completely

things, and so makes the situation

confused

(n) a group of stars which form a pattern and have a

name

or physical pain
from other

equinox

to understand

equal length

different
or difficult

(n) one of the two days in the year when day and night are

mah jong (n) a Chinese game for four players played with small

consistent

painted pieces of wood or bone

generation gap (n) the difference

attitudes towards

older people and younger

in attitude

and behaviour

between

people, which may cause them to argue or

may prevent them from understanding

in which they

in the same way, or having the sa

people or things, or achieving

the same level of

success in something
precipitation
(n) rain, snow or hail
substantial

each other fully

alien (n) a person who is not a citizen of the country

(adj) always behaving

construct

(adj) large in amount or degree

(v) to build

live; a foreigner
assimilation

(n) the process of integration

immigrants
acculturation
individual
purport

when people such as

(n) the modification

of the culture of a group or

as a result of contact with a different

(v) to claim to do or be something,

culture

although

you may not

believe that claim

sentiment (n) an attitude which is based on thoughts
tyrannical
authority

(adj) severe or unfair towards

you are not

vulnerable (adj) weak and without

get something

off your chest (phr) to talk about something

been worrying

you

(n) a person who refuses to join the armed

distressed

forces because they think that it is morally wrong to do so

succumb

flaky (adj) eccentric and unreliable

encompass (v) to include various elements

juvenile

demographics

(n) statistics

of something;

to contain

relating to the people who live in a place

or society
excerpt (n) a short piece of writing

a secret

(v) to give in to a greater strength,

(adj) involving

force, desire, etc.

young people who are not yet adults

incline (v) to think or act in a particular way

delinquent (adj) someone, usually a young person, who is delinq
repeatedly

commits

or music which is taken from a

do something

number (n) a dress; an outfit

that offends or upsets people; a blunder

stunning
output

nag (v) to worry; to bother

(n) the people, activities

or ideas that are regarded as the

normal and conventional

because they belong to the

(adj) extremely

beautiful

(n) the amount of something

or impressive
that a person or thing produ

plea (n) an appeal or request for something,

emotional

made in an intense O'

way

same group or system as most others of their kind

classification

(n) a division

things into groups or types

minor crimes

~~PART 3

most typical,

that has

(adj) upset; worried

larger piece; an extract

gaffe (n) a stupid or careless mistake, for example when you say or

mainstream

easily hurt physically~'

and feelings

confide (v) to tell someone

objector

protection;

emotionally
manifest (v) to make visible or obvious; to produce

the people that one has

over

conscientious

~~PART 2
put a brave face on it (phr) to pretend to be happy or satisfied whe

become an accepted part of a community

or category

in a system which divides

~~PART 5
nutrition

(n) the process of taking food into the body and absorbi-;

the substances

that help the body to grow and maintain

itself

incidence

(n) the frequency

with which something

usually bad, such

as a disease, occurs, or the occasions when it occurs

intolerance (n) the inability of a body to tolerate certain substances
chronic (adj) lasting for a very long time, and getting worse as time

(adj) used to describe something

is officially

stated to be true, but about which you or other people

(adj) affecting

or concerned

with the bronchial

two tubes which connect your windpipe

asthmatic

tubes (the

to your lungs)

have doubts
obsolete (adj) no longer needed because something

(adj) relating to asthma (a lung condition

complementary

from that normally

a collection

reaction or attitude

(n) alternative

medicine when used to help

people
vessel (n) a ship or large boat
afloat (adv) remaining

(n) a way of treating

patients which is different

used by most doctors in the West

sinking
live up to someone's

it becomes active or

fiendish

(n) treating

expectations

(adj) easy to do or understand

(adj) encouraging

mall needles into their body at certain places

grid (n) a pattern of straight

omeopathy

squares

iven very small amounts

an illness in which the patient is

of a drug that produces the symptoms

of

of something,

especially

an amount

of it

'" ion (n) an injury or wound

ke off (phr v) when small thin pieces of something

such as paint

for their opinion

ice about what you should do or their permission

(n) a doctor who specialises

and

to do something

in the study of skin and

equested, and it did happen

ent (n) a smooth thick substance that is put on sore skin or a

'=_:ld to help it heal

- avail (phr) if you do something
_os e what you want

something
indifferent

to no avail, what you do fails to

direction

suddenly

(uplon (phr v) to disapprove

or that the people involved

-"

the opposite

result from the one

(adj) used often

(nl a place such as a lake where people can swim

them in an argument

sides with another, they support

or a war

feeble (adj) weak

about

n, group or thing and their development over a period of time

ur hat off to someone (phr) to admire someone for something
-. e done
'on (n) fear or anxiety about something

(adj) achieving

that is intended

side (v) if one person or country

are honest

account that gives detailed information

of something

fierce (adj) strictly worded

oft-used

you do not believe

that you are going to

weedy (adj) thin and physically

immerse

weak

(v) to put something

into water so that it is completely

covered
rectangular

(adj) shaped like a rectangle

(A rectangle

is a four-sided

shape whose corners are all ninety degree angles. Each side of a
rectangle is the same length as the one opposite to it.)

erience

supervise

(v) to check that an activity is done properly

grass roots (n) the grass roots of an organisation

the ordinary

"'=
-

and ironing that has to be

a person whose

behaviour
of people

or attitude

(n) an ornament,

human being, especially

larly at home
e clothes a person is wearing

_ -3 majority

artefact

is very different

from

are

by the tides (the regular changes in

the level of the sea on the shore)

ebb (v) when the tide or the sea ebbs, its level gradually
'" - a ask such as cleaning, washing

and safely

or movement

people who form the main part of it, rather than its

leaders
tidal (n) relating to or produced

what you

are doing is right or wrong

turbulent (adj) turbulent water contains strong currents which change

swimming-hole

(adj) if you are cynical about something,

parts

(nl the part of your mind that tells you whether

b into your skin or add to your bath

ism (n) the practice of using herbs to treat illnesses

lack of interest in something

(adj) having two equally important

conscience

counter-productive

or piece of advice

and sense of duty to do or achieve

(adj) having a complete

n (n) a long serious warning

n be successful

over a

treasure trove (n) a very good or rich source of something

frown

ial oil (n) a smooth thick liquid, often with a pleasant smell, that

study (n) a written

about something

~~PART 2

twofold

of skin diseases

riasis (n) a disease that causes dry red patches on the skin
(adv) if something duly happened, it was expected to happen or
"'-

you enjoy it so much

that it takes up a lot of your interest and attention

mission (n) a strong commitment

e off a surface, they come off the surface

--~ "reatment

split (v) to divide into two or more parts

long period of time

tail (v) to involve or cause something

suit (v) to ask an expert or professional

which is not

lines that cross over each other, forming

niggle (v) to cause someone to worry slightly

- at is greater than you need, want or can cope with

atologist

you to believe something

hooked (adj) if you are hooked on something,

-' e illness in healthy people

lethora (n) a large amount

is

true

a person for an illness or pain by sticking

(n) a method of treating

(phr) to be as good as someone

(adj) very clever or imaginative

deceptive

popular again

partly above the surface of water without

expecti ng it to be
straightforward

of parts added together

revival (n) when there is a revival of something,

acupuncture

used for carrying

on canals

box in (phr v) to enclose in a small space

which causes

holistic (adj) based on the belief that a whole being is more than just

"

better has been

broker (n) a person whose job is to buy and sell boats for other

medicine

orthodox medicine
alternative medicine

barge (n) a long narrow boat with a flat bottom,

heavy loads, especially

in breathing)

arouse (vI to cause a particular

=",

that seems to be true or

invented

goes by
bronchial

difficulty

ostensible

falls

tool or other object that is made by a

one that is historically

interesting
wash up (phr v) if something

or culturally

is washed up on a piece of land, it is

carried by a river or sea and left there

recede (v) to move away from something

fragment (n) a small piece or part of something

pickings (n) the money that can be made easily in a particular place or
area of activity
find (n) a valuable, interesting, good or useful object that is
discovered
give way (phr) to start rowing together
put your back into something (phr) to use all your strength to move
something
clinker-built (adj) a clinker-built boat is made of long strips of wood
placed together so that they overlap each other
docks (n) an enclosed area in a harbour where ships go to be loaded,
unloaded and repaired
take on (phr v) to fight someone or compete against them, especially
when they are bigger or more powerful than you are
gruelling (adj) extremely difficult and tiring to do
oar (n) a long pole with a wide, flat blade at one end which is used for
rowing a boat
skiff (n) a small light rowing boat or sailing boat, which usually has
room for only one person
discomfort (n) a painful feeling in part of your body when you have
been hurt slightly or when you have been uncomfortable for a long
time
whip (n) a long thin piece of material such as leather or rope,
fastened to a stiff handle, used for hitting people or animals
curse (v) to complain angrily about something, especially using rude
language
umpteenth (determiner) used to indicate that an occasion, thing or
person happens or comes after many others
stroke (n) one of the repeated movements that you make with an oar
dulcet tones (n) used to refer to someone's voice
play at (phr v) if you do not know what someone is playing at, you do
not understand what they are doing or what they are trying to achieve
~~PART 3
terrace (n) a flat area of stone or grass next to a building where
people can sit
rambling (adj) a rambling building is big and old with an irregular
shape
shimmer (v) to shine with a faint, unsteady light
arduous (adj) difficult and tiring, involving a lot of effort
anno Domini (phr) since the birth of Christ
take a toll (phr) to have a bad effect; to cause a lot of suffering
adrenaline rush (phr) if you experience an adrenaline rush, you
suddenly experience the intense excitement caused by adrenaline (a
substance which your body produces when you are angry, scared or
excited, and which makes your heart beat faster and gives you more
energy)
hitherto (adv) indicating that something was true up until the time
you are talking about, although it may no longer be the case
tuck away (phr v) to hide something where very few people can see it
jam (v) to squeeze something tightly into a place
bowls (n) a game in which players try to roll large wooden balls as
near as possible to a small wooden ball. Bowls is usually played
outdoors on grass.
darts (n) a game in which you throw darts (small arrows) at a round
board which has numbers on it
credentials (n) someo'ne's previous achievements, training and
general background, which indicate that they are qualified to do
something
ropey (adj) of a poor or unsatisfactory quality
amnesiac (n) someone who has lost their memory
simultaneous (adj) happening or existing at the same time

self-fulfilling (adj) which comes true because people expect it to come

true
wreck (v) to completely destroy or ruin something
have someone on the ropes (phr) to place your opponent in a very
difficult situation which makes it difficult for them to win
tenacious (adj) very determined and not willing to give up easily
resilience (n) strength against damage or harm
commentate (v) to report what is happening in a game for the radio
or television
evangelise (v) to try to persuade or convince people that something is
wonderful
column (n) a section in a newspaper or magazine that is always
written by the same person or is always about the same topic
cut-throat (adj) if you describe a situation as cut-throat, you mean
that the people or companies involved all want success and do not
care if they harm each other in getting it
novice (n) someone who has been doing a job or other activity for
only a short time and so is not experienced at it
gist (n) the general meaning of a speech, piece of writing or
conversation
stratagem (n) a plan that is intended to achieve a particular effect,
often by deceiving people
aspire (v) to have a strong desire to achieve something
watershed (n) an event in the history or development of something
which is very important because it represents the beginning of a new
stage in it
schism (n) when there is a schism, a group or organisation divides
into two groups as a result of differences in thinking and beliefs
fall out (phr v) to have an argument with someone
round (n) a series of games in a competition where the winners go on
to play in the next round, and so on, until only one player or team is
left
reunify (v) to bring different or separate things or parts together again
so that they form a single entity
poacher (n) a person who illegally hunts animals and fish
gamekeeper (n) a person who takes care of the wild animals or birds
that are kept on someone's land for hunting, protecting them against
poachers
inherent (adj) the inherent qualities of something are the necessary
and natural parts of it
~~PART 4
tactility (n) the capability of being felt or touched
realm (n) an area
rigorous (adj) very strict or severe in form
transcendent (adj) going beyond normal limits or boundaries because
it is more significant than them
divergent (adj) divergent things are different from each other
fleeting (adj) brief; lasting only a short time
facade (n) the front of a building or the part of the building that faces
the street
unadorned (adj) plain, rather than having decoration on it
former (adj) used to describe something that existed or was true in
the past
hodgepodge (n) an untidy mixture of different types of things
density (n) the extent to which a place is full of things or people
PAPER 2 Writing

~ ~ PART 1
outmoded (adj) old-fashioned and no longer useful or relevant to
modern life

pervade (v) to become a noticeable

PAPER3 Use of English

feature throughout

a place or

thing
outcast (n) someone who is not accepted by a group of people or by

~~PART 1
plague (n) a very infectious

society

disease which usually results in death

flesh (n) a human being, and more particularly,

lure (v) to trick someone

their body

into a particular

place or to trick them into

fallacy (n) an idea which many people believe to be true, but which is

doing something

in fact false because it is based on incorrect

tap (v) if you tap a resource, you make use of it by getting from it

susceptible

information

(adj) likely to be affected by something

proximity

(n) proximity

or reasoning

such as a disease

humidity

(n) allowing

far-reaching

fresh air to circulate

number of things
hum (v) to sing a tune with your lips closed

(n) the amount

correlation
conversely

that you need or want

to a place or person is nearness to that place

or person
ventilation

something

that they should not do

in a room

advertise

or link between things

(adv) used to indicate that the situation

describe is the opposite

and affecting

a great

jingle (n) a short, simple tune, often with words, which is used to

of water in the air

(n) a connection

(adj) having a great influence

you are about to

or reverse of the one you have just described

a product or programme

on radio or television

reel off (phr v) to repeat information

from memory

quickly and easily

slogan (n) a short phrase that is easy to remember

blink (v) to shut your eyes and very quickly open them again
unnerving

~~PART 2
span (v) to last throughout

spine (n) a long, sharp point on an animal's

the ground

suspended

(n) a state in which an organism's

is functioning

metabolism

very slowly, for example so that it can survive difficult

unchecked

(adD if something

unchecked,

nobody controls

draw (v) to attract someone very strongly

things

someone to a particular

someone else tries to harm or trick

and keep it within

secret
way

limits

relentless (adj) never stopping or becoming less intense

brainwash (v) to force someone to believe something by continually

swell (v) to become larger and rounder than before

- itiate (v) to introduce

or

and secretive, often in a complicated

curb (v) to control something

health

is left

(n) a desire to find out about things, especially

devious (adD dishonest

ardy (adj) a hardy plant is able to survive in cold weather

or undesirable

it or prevents it from growing

(adv) always

vibrant (adj) very bright and clear

(n) someone's

or

to explain

harmful

prey (n) a person or people whom

break open or appear

inquisitiveness

nstitution

makes you feel worried

developing
invariably

onditions
burst forth (phr) to suddenly

unnerving

uncanny (adj) strange and difficult

body or on a plant

squat (v) to sit Iowan

animation

(adj) something

uncomfortable

a long period of time

skill or type of

telling them that it is true, and preventing

owl edge and teach them about it

them from thinking

about it

properly

PART 3
-

ute (adj) showing

an understanding

of behaviour

and situations,

'=- d skilful at using this knowledge to one's own advantage

ible (n) a habit or characteristic that someone has which is
- sidered rather strange, foolish
_ important

or bad but which is also considered

- 9in9 (n) a sad feeling of wanting

- e the initiative

and

fad (n) an activity or topic of interest that is very popular for a short
time, but which people become bored with very quickly

it

gon (n) words and expressions

- -cult

PAPER 1 Reading
~~PART 1

very much

(phr) to be the first person to act in a situation,

--3 efore able to control

::; s by particular

something

1211 4

that are used in special or technical

groups of people, often making the language

programs
quintillion

to understand

ance (n) the quality of being important

icon (n) an important

or significant

symbol

pirate (v) to illegally

of a particular

(n) the number that is represented

eighteen zeros (US); the number

;;l

represented

as a one followed

by

as a one followed

by

thirty zeros (Europe)

RT 4
ng (adj) a binding

.-

thing

copy video tapes, cassettes, books or computer

promise,

agreement

or decision

must be

renovation

(n) an old building

that has been repaired or redecorated

install (v) to fit or put a piece of equipment

ed or carried out

somewhere

so that it is

ready to be used
restriction

:l RT 5
(v) to try to persuade someone to go somewhere
-3:hing

or to do

s (n) if you have no qualms about doing something,

_ Oedthat it may be wrong in some way
ive (n) what someone

you are not

they have not done

=:

ing, even though

it is difficult

m (n) if a child has a tantrum,

- _1 ontrolled

continues

trying to do

they lose their temper

in a noisy

way

::

being noticed

of a problem

(phr) to see or identify

and developing

gradually

exactly what the

is

(adD clear enough or definite

selfassurance

(n) confidence

burden (n) a problem

enough to be easily seen, felt

in yourself

or a responsibility

correct
attentive

that causes someone a lot of

worry or hard work

concede (v) to admit, often unwillingly,

or dangerous

the things

or noticed

difficulty,

ut (adj) exhausted
us (adj) unpleasant

cause or solution
tangible

or other people are against it

method or product is one that is

to you now

put your finger on something

=-::

do not want to do
- ent (adj) someone who is persistent

(adj) a conventional

usually used or that has been in use for a long time

deja vu (n) the feeling that you have already experienced
that are happening

is trying to achieve

_ 1) to keep asking someone to do something

(n) a limit to where you can go or what you can do

conventional

(adj) paying close attention

that something

is true or

to what is being said or done

~ ~ PART 5
40 the effect of the growing income generated from tourism
41 restrictions
42 giving tourists a stronger impression that they are in a
completely wild, unspoilt environment
43 They have got used to the Antarctica winterrrhey are
acclimatised to the coldrrhey have wintered there before
(so they are used to it).
44 Content points:
the environmental impact of increasing/mass tourism (first
text)
the kind of tour available: wildlife, historical and adventure
tourism (first text)
the size of ships/the number of passengers on board (second
text)
the tour operators (i.e. commercial/member of IAATO)
(second text)

PAPER 4 listening
H PART 1
1B2C3C4A5B6C7A8B
H PART 2
9 (postnatal) depression
10 party
11 (a) long life/longevity
12 new life
13 anoint
14 protection
15 mark their status
16 milestones
17 rite of passage

H PART 3
18 D 19 A 20 C 21 A 22 B

H PART 4
23 P 24 S 25 B 26 P 27 P 28 S

nII_2

PAPER 1 Reading
~ ~ PART 1
1 B 2 D 3 D 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 C 8 A 9 B 10 D 11 C 12 C 13 B
14 A 15 B 16 A 17 B 18 C

~ ~ PART 2
19 A: Incorrect. The writer mentions homework as consolidation
of what is learned in class.
19 B: Incorrect. Play is fun, but that is not why it is important.
19 C: Incorrect. The text does not mention 'cerebral
development' or make clear what 'proper' cerebral
development would be.
19 D: Correct. 'Intelligence and aptitude tests have demonstrated
that not only is play fundamental to learning and
developing skills, it is also a means by which the brain can
grow, facilitating its own capacity to learn, create and
think.'
20 A: Correct. 'We urge them to spend longer at their homework,
but the sad truth is that by not playing, their capacity for
learning is grievously curtailed, no matter how rigorous
their academic drive.'

20 B: Incorrect. The text says that children are getting worse at

spelling. It does not say that children who study are better
at spelling.
20 C: Incorrect. The statement implies that children who do not
study generally suffer from several eating disorders,
whereas the text implies that a large number of children
are overweight, which is not the same thing.
20 D: Incorrect. The text merely says that children who do not
play find it harder to make friends. This is not the same as
finding it harder to 'develop socially'.
21 A: Incorrect. The place the children are exploring has a
'doorstep', so it cannot be a cave.
21 B: Incorrect. 'decaying grandeur' implies that the place was
once impressive, so it cannot be a shack.
21 C: Correct. The text refers to the 'doorstep' and 'the stark
decaying grandeur' of the place.
21 D: Incorrect. The place the children are exploring has a
'doorstep', so it cannot be a mineshaft.
22 A: Incorrect. The writer does not mention any authorities.
22 B: Correct. The writer mentions 'ghouls and spectres' and
imagines that 'they had got him and whisked him off to
wherever it was they spent the daylight hours'.
22 C: Incorrect. The writer does not mention any animals, and
nor is there any implication that there are animals in the
story.
22 D: Incorrect. The writer makes it clear that he thought that
someone or something had taken Timmy.
23 A: Incorrect. There is no evidence that any of the children was
behaving aggressively.
23 B: Correct. 'I had asked the children to clear away their
painting things ... but a few had to be told several times
nonetheless. One girl in particular seemed determined not
to hear me.'
23 C: Incorrect. The writer does not imply that the noise the
children were making was irritating, and therefore was not
frustrated by it.
23 D: Incorrect. The writer does not indicate how long the
children were taking or that this is what was frustrating her.
24 A: Incorrect. There is no evidence for this in the text. The
teacher was concerned that Sylvia might grow resentful of
society or other children.
24 B: Incorrect. The teacher was surprised by the child's attitude.
24 C: Incorrect. There is no evidence for this in the text.
24 D: Correct. 'Bottling up her anger would have caused more
problems. She might have taken it out on another child
later on, or she might grow up feeling that society was
treating her unjustly.'
25 A: Correct. 'We take it for granted that adulthood is the
meaningful part of our existence, and everything prior to it
is merely preparation. The old adage quoted by Samuel
Butler is often cited but has not yet been fully assimilated:
"A hen is an egg's way of making another egg." It is very
difficult for any of us to think of ourselves as a baby's way
of making another baby.'
25 B: Incorrect. There is no mention of this in the text.
25 C: Incorrect. This is not the reason why the quote is used.
25 D: Incorrect. This is not the reason why the quote is used.
26 A: Incorrect. The fact that the young of many species play
does not make it strange to suppose that childhood is
preparation for adult life.
26 B: Incorrect. The text does not mention maturity in children.
26 C: Correct. 'it is one of the inviolable tenets of evolutionary
theory that what an animal is or does is governed by
events that have happened, not events that are going to
happen'

26 D: Incorrect. The text does not say anything about the future
evolution of any species.

~ ~ PART 3
27 G: The first paragraph introduces Peter Raven and describes

28 F:

29 E:

30 A.

31 B:

32 H:

33 C:

the kind of knowledge botanists like him have. Paragraph G

continues this theme by describing what conclusions Raven
and other botanists can come to using their knowledge.
Verbal links are 'Peter Raven is a botanist' and 'sustainable
growth' in the paragraph before the gap and 'botanists
such as Raven' and 'the big picture of sustainable growth'
in paragraph G.
There is a link between 'Something has got to give, and the
first things to go are many of the plants and animals' in
paragraph F and' By many, Raven means perhaps half to
two thirds of all the other species on the planet' in the
paragraph after the gap.
There is a link between 'the human population', 'each
human depends on ... "ecosystem services" , and 'the
organisms that ultimately recycle waste and deliver new
wealth to provide oxygen, fresh food, clean water, fuel, new
clothes, safe shelter and disposable income' in paragraph E
and the whole of the paragraph after the gap.
There is a link between the ecosystems mentioned in the
paragraph before the gap and the description of what an
ecosystem is in paragraph A. Also, there is a link between
'The greater the variety of microbes, plants and animals in
an ecosystem, the more resilient it is and the better it
works ... So it would not be a good idea to evict at least
half of these creatures ... But, Raven says, that is what is
happening' in paragraph A and the reference to 'species
loss' in the paragraph after the gap.
There is a link between the description of 'species loss' in
the paragraph before the gap, the description of species
loss in paragraph B and the calculation of the number of
species lost per year 'over the last four centuries' in the
paragraph after the gap. There is a further link between the
question posed in paragraph B 'What was the rate over the
past 400 years?' and the answer in the paragraph after the
gap: 'hundreds of creatures per year over the past four
centuries.
There is a link between 'There is another way of checking'
(which refers to another way of checking how many
species have been lost) and 'There is a way of confirming
species loss' (three paragraphs earlier). This idea is
continued in the paragraph before the gap. There is also a
link between '2,000 species have vanished from the Pacific
basin' in the paragraph before the gap and 'So destroying
forests piecemeal is a way of extinguishing creatures' in
paragraph H.
There is a link between 'one third orall endangered plants
in the continental US are threatened because of alien
invaders' in the paragraph before the gap and 'Global
warming is not going to help, either' in paragraph C.

H PART

34 A: Correct. 'Apparently, I wish to capture the immigrant

experience, to demystify Chinese culture, to show the
differences between Chinese and American culture, to pave
the way for other Asian-American writers - and I have a
whole host of other equally noble motivations. The truth is,
I write for more self-serving reasons - that is, I write for
myself.'

34 B: Incorrect. The statement implies that in the past the writer

had not been aware of how readers perceived her work, but
that she is now aware of this. However, there is no
indication in the text that this is what has happened.
34 C: Incorrect. The writer mentions what appear to be her
reasons for writing according to certain people. In the
second paragraph she goes on to explain her actual
reasons for writing; she has therefore given some thought
to why she writes.
34 D: Incorrect. There is nothing to indicate that she is or is not
interested in these subjects.
35 A: Incorrect. The text does not state or imply that the writer
writes about topical Chinese issues.
35 B: Incorrect. The text does not state or imply that the writer
expresses her views about Chinese culture in her fiction.
35 C: Incorrect. The text does not state or imply that the writer
has strong feelings about anything to do with China.
35 D: Correct. 'In other words, I write stories about life as I have
misunderstood it. To be sure, it's a Chinese-American life,
but that's the only one I've had so far. Contrary to what
some students, professors, reporters, and fund-raising
organizations assume, I am not an expert on China'.
36 A: Incorrect. The text does not state or imply that Smiley's
novel contains generalisations, untenable or otherwise,
about American life and culture. On the contrary, it implies
that her novel features a specific American family.
36 B: Correct. 'Is Jane Smiley's A Thousand Acres supposed to
be representative of all American culture? Do all American
daughters serve their tyrannical fathers the same breakfast
every morning? Do all sisters betray each other? Are all
conscientious objectors flaky in love relationships? Why do
readers and reviewers assume that a book with ChineseAmerican characters can encompass all the demographics
and personal histories of Chinese America?' The questions
about Smiley's novel are all rhetorical and would be
answered in the negative. This is why the writer mentions
Smiley's novel, which is no more intended to describe
American culture than her own is intended to describe
Chinese culture.
36 C: Incorrect. There is nothing in the text to indicate that the
two writers' novels feature similar characters or deal with
similar themes.
36 D: Incorrect. Although the text implies that one of the themes
in Smiley's novel is the relationship between a father and
his daughter, and the writer herself seems to have written
about mothers and daughters, this is not the reason why
Smiley's novel is mentioned.
37 A: Incorrect. The scene was not intended as a description of
an aspect of Chinese culture. However, it was clear that the
people who wanted permission to publish the excerpt had
misunderstood the point of the scene.
37 B: Incorrect. In this scene the writer was not trying to make a
point about what correct Chinese etiquette would be.
37 C: Correct. The whole of the fourth paragraph makes it clear
that the writer does not intend her novels to be
generalisations about Chinese life and culture. She tells us
about the permissions request to illustrate that she finds
such misconceptions irritating: 'One publisher wanted to
include an excerpt from The Joy Luck Club, a scene in
which a woman invites her non-Chinese boyfriend to her
parents' house for dinner. The boyfriend brings a bottle of
wine as a gift and commits a number of social gaffes at the
dinner table. Students were supposed to read this excerpt.
and then answer the following question: "If you are invited

37 D:

38 A:
38 B:

38 C:

38 D:
39 A:
39 B:

39 C:

39 D:
40 A:

40 B:
40 C:
40 D:

to a Chinese family's house for dinner, should you bring a

bottle of wine?" My editor and I agreed to turn down that
permission request.'
Incorrect. The question may have been unfair to students,
as it was based on a misunderstanding of the scene.
However, this is not the reason why permission was
refused.
Correct. 'After all, I am one of the lucky writers to be read,
in classrooms, by the mainstream, and in Cliff Notes.'
Incorrect. Although the writer implies that her novels are
required reading by students at educational institutions, it
does not follow that they are read mainly by academics.
Incorrect. The writer says that some people read her work
because they are about the 'universal emotions between
mothers and daughters'. However, this does not imply that
they are studied by mothers and daughters.
Incorrect. 'After all, I am one of the lucky writers to be read,
in classrooms, by the mainstream, and in Cliff Notes.'
Incorrect. The writer does not mention academics.
Correct. 'I have this attitude that American literature, if such
a classification exists, should be more democratic than the
colour of your skin or whether rice or potatoes are served
at your fictional dinner table.'
Incorrect. The writer asks 'Who decides what is American
fiction?' but she does not make the point that one needs to
be qualified to classify literature or to what degree one
needs to be qualified.
Incorrect. This is not the point the writer is making here.
Correct. 'In other words, I write stories about life as I have
misunderstood it. To be sure, it's a Chinese-American life,
but that's the only one I've had so far.' The writer also talks
about her work in connection with American literature, so
we can infer that she is an American citizen.
Incorrect. There is nothing to indicate that the writer lives in
China.
Incorrect. There is nothing to indicate that the writer lives in
Hong Kong.
Incorrect. There is nothing to indicate that the writer is an
immigrant or living illegally in America.

PAPER 2 Writing
~ ~ PART 1
Question 1
Style: Formal
Content: Proposal, possibly divided into sections with headings
1 In the introduction state your reason for writing the
proposal.
2 In the main body you could have one paragraph
about each of the candidates for the position. The
name of the candidate could be used as a heading.
Heading: Pauline Brown. Write about her character
and her work record. Discuss her positive qualities
and shortcomings objectively. You could give
examples to illustrate your points.
Heading: James Roberts. As above.
Heading: Elaine Summers. As above.
3 Conclude by indicating the reasons why you would
not choose two of the candidates. Give your reasons
for choosing one of the candidates.

~ ~ PART 2
Question 2
Style: Semi-formal or formal
Content: Article
1 Think of a good title for the article.
2 Introduce the historical site or sites you are going to
write about. Mention briefly where they are and why
they are important.
3 Describe the first site and give some relevant
information about it. Questions to consider are:
When was it built? Who built it? What purpose did it
serve? What did it look like then? When was it
discovered? Who discovered it? What does it look
like now? How well-preserved is it? What is its
historical significance? Do many tourists visit it?
4 If you are describing a second site, give similar
information. Alternatively, if you are describing only
one site, give more details about the site or its
history here.
5 You could also mention how more tourists might be
encouraged to visit the area, or you could talk about
the preservation of the site for future generations.
Question 3
Style: Informal or semi-formal.
Content: Letter
1 Describe your lifestyle, career or relationships before
the event. You could stress the negative aspects of
your life.
2 Describe the event. How did it come about? Who was
involved? When did it happen? etc. Why was it a
turning point? How did you feel about it at the time?
3 Describe your life after the event. You could focus on
the positive effects the event had on your lifestyle,
career or relationships and why it meant a fresh start.
Question 4
Style: Semi-formal
Content: Review
1 In the introduction state what play you saw. Give
some basic factual information about it. Questions to
consider are: Where was the play performed? Who
produced it? Who directed it? Who played the main
roles?
2 Describe the performance, giving your views on the
acting, interpretation, direction, sets, lighting, etc.
3 Compare the production you saw with other wellknown professional productions of the same play.
How successful was the production by the drama
club?

PAPER 3 Use of English

~ ~ PART 1
1 deal
2 number
3 fact
4 far
5 them
6 up
7 would

8 at

9 least
10 with
11 last
12 before
13 have
14 not
15 does/should

~HART2
16 exclamation (verb to noun)
17 invariably (verb to negative adjective to adverb)
18 erroneous (noun to adjective)
19 inclination (verb to noun)
20 academic (noun to adjective)
21 recklessness (adjective to noun)
22 significantly (noun to adjective to adverb)
23 readily (adjective to adverb)
24 formative (verb/noun to adjective)
25 delinquency (adjective to noun)
~ ~ PART 3
26 speaks
27 throw
28 kill

29 response
30 single
31 catch

~ ~ PART 4
32 must have (1) dawned on John (1)
33 has turned down (1) his proposal of marriage (1)
34 until the film (had) ended (1) did I remember (1)
35 we will have been (1) married for (1)
36 is/has been attributed (1) to (1)
37 is no concern (1) of yours (1)
38 no justification for (1) the way you have been (1)
39 far as (1) I can tell (1)
~ ~ PART 5
40 the increase in the number of people suffering from allergies
related to a poor diet and increasing respiratory problems
41 Medical practitioners examine the whole person, their way of
life and the possible reasons behind their illness in order to
find a satisfactory cure.
42 He did not feel enthusiastic about or convinced of the healing
powers of essential oils.
43 From being a confirmed non-believer in alternative medicine,
he now believes that it can work.
Content points:
the increase in substance intolerance and allergies, as well as
chronic respiratory conditions (first text)
an increasing awareness of the connection between health
problems and a poor diet (first text)
growing dissatisfaction with the apparent failure of orthodox
medicine to offer a lasting solution to certain health
problems (first and second texts)
growing evidence that alternative treatments work (second
text)

:lAPER 4 Listening
PART 1
~2B3A4C5B6C7A8C
PART 2
.: 'ecord prices
spiritual qualities
Endscape/vista
..: ;eometric/angular
-reat) War/war
ink) flowers
: ildren
= stract
'::I

shapes

~ ~ PART 3
18 D 19 B 20 A 21 C 22 C
~ ~ PART 4
23 J 24 A 25 J 26 B 27 J 28 A

mB_3

PAPER 1 Reading
~ ~ PART 1
1 C 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 B 8 A 9 B 10 C 11 A 12 D 13 C 14
B 15 D 16 A 17 B 18 C
~ ~ PART 2
19 A: Incorrect. The writer says the locals did not seem to care
about the environment, not that they were actually
destroying it.
19 B: Correct. 'The locals seemed to be indifferent towards
themselves and the environment.' This clearly implies they
were not interested in making any changes to improve their
situation.
19 C: Incorrect. Although the text says 'the area was dying', this
doesn't mean there was no economic activity there.
19 0: Incorrect. The locals seemed 'indifferent' to the area, but
the writer does not imply that they wanted to leave.
20 A: Incorrect. Although Yiannis provides visitors with
accommodation and leisure facilities, this is not his
'mission'.
20 B: Incorrect. This is an incorrect answer because it is only part
of his intention.
20 C: Incorrect. This is an incorrect answer because it is only part
of his intention.
20 D: Correct. This accurately and fully describes his aim in
creating Oikoperiigitis.
21 A: Incorrect. 'But this is counter-productive ... and kids turning
up on a hot day will just find somewhere far more
dangerous, like the canal or a faster stretch of river.' In
other words, the signs have the opposite effect from the
one they are intended to have.
21 B: Incorrect. The signs are intended to stop young people
indulging in open water swimming, not to make it safer for
them.
21 C: Correct. 'Every year more traditional swimming-holes and
stretches of river are surrounded with fierce notices and
warnings banning anyone from trying. But this is counterproductive; these oft-used places are likely to be the safest,
and kids turning up on a hot day will just find somewhere
far more dangerous, like the canal or a faster stretch of
river.'
21 D: Incorrect. They don't discourage young people from
swimming outdoors.
22 A: Correct. 'Members of RALSA, often people who have swum
all year round in their favoured spot for years, rightly get
fed up with being lectured by passing policemen about
how they might "encourage" vulnerable children to swim
and cause "tragedies". Other countries are less feebletheir citizens swim happily in remote lakes, rivers and other
waterways. Only we poor weedy British are told that it is
terrible to immerse ourselves in anything that is not
rectangular, chlorinated and supervised.'
22 B: Incorrect. The writer states that the councils have a lot of
support in their effort to stop open water swimming, but
she clearly disagrees with them.

22 C: Incorrect. The writer implies that British people generally

should be less feeble about swimming in rivers and lakes.
22 D: Incorrect. The police suggest this, not the writer.
23 A: Incorrect. First of all, one cannot go mud larking at high
tide. Secondly, the statement does not explain why the
writer describes mud larking as 'grass roots' archaeology.
23 B: Correct. 'An activity that has been known to Londoners
since Victorian times, mudlarking is in essence 'grass
roots' archaeology. The Thames is a tidal river, and there
are areas in the capital where, when the tide is ebbing,
anyone who is interested may find artefacts stuck in the
mud.'
23 C: Incorrect. Although the option may be a true statement, it
does not explain why mud larking can be described as
'grass roots archaeology'.
23 D: Incorrect. For the same reason C is incorrect.
24 A: Incorrect. The text implies that if you do not have a
licence, you cannot dig at all: 'It is possible, however, to
make important discoveries without digging at all'.
24 B: Correct. 'The Port of London Authority is responsible for
issuing permits to people wishing to dig the foreshore
today. They also set restrictions on where you are allowed
to dig .... It is possible, however, to make important
discoveries without digging at all, ... so there's a chance of
something new being washed up on the shoreline's
surface with every tide.' Although one needs a permit to
dig, one does not need a permit to collect items from the
surface of the shoreline.
24 C: Incorrect. One is not permitted to dig along the shoreline.
24 D: Incorrect. A licence allows one to dig in certain areas. If
one does not have a licence, one is not allowed to dig at
all.
25 A: Incorrect. The writer is being sarcastic about her trainer,
and there is little indication of respect in her tone.
25 B: Incorrect. The writer's tone does not imply 'trepidation' fear. The comment 'the only thing missing is his whip' is
sarcastic.
25 C: Correct. The writer felt frustrated and angry. 'At present,
trapped in our wooden prison, the attitude we have
towards our trainer is anything but warm. He is thoroughly
enjoying our discomfort, yelling at us to work harder; a
regular slave driver, the only thing missing is his whip.'
25 D: Incorrect. 'Abhorrence' is too strong a word as it suggests
deep hatred. The writer was angered by the trainer's
attitude, but she did not actually hate him.
26 A: Incorrect. The writer uses this phrase simply to emphasise
the fact that she regretted her decision to join the crew.
26 B: Incorrect. There is no sarcasm here; the writer is
describing a mistake she made while rowing.
26 C: Incorrect. There is no sarcasm here; the writer is
explaining the term, 'catch a crab'.
26 D: Correct. 'Our trainer's dulcettones slice through the crisp
evening air: "Bowman, what are you playing at? Stop
daydreaming and get sortedl Now, once again, crew: give
way together!" '. 'Dulcet' means 'sweet and gentle',
whereas the trainer is yelling.
H PART 3
27 D: In the last sentence of the first paragraph the writer
describes the place where he is interviewing Short, and
adds: 'The life of a professional chess player is an arduous
one'. The tone is ironic, as the place described is made to
sound very attractive. However, the writer goes on to say
in paragraph D: 'Actually, it is', and describes how difficult

28 C:

29 A:

30 G:

31 H:

32 B:

33 F:

a professional chess player's life really is. There is also a

link between paragraph D, which describes Short's career
briefly, and the paragraph after the gap, which describes
his current situation.
The paragraph before the gap comments on the fact that
Short is no longer in his prime as a chess player. This is a
link with paragraph C, which describes in a more positive
manner what Short will be doing in the future. There is
also a link between 'chess's fascinating world' in
paragraph C and 'Not that everyone, hitherto, has quite
appreciated the appeal' in the paragraph after the gap,
which describes the lack of coverage chess receives from
the press.
There is a link between 'That will be Short's demanding
job - to make chess come alive' in the paragraph before
the gap and 'But he has an even harder task' in paragraph
A, where it is explained that this task will be to teach the
writer to play chess well. The paragraph after the gap
describes the writer's chess playing experience so far.
There is a link between 'I am not promising material' in the
paragraph before the gap and 'Short knows it, too' in
paragraph G , in which Short also warns the writer about
how difficult it is to play chess well.
There is a link between the paragraph before the gap,
which describes how Short became a chess player, and
paragraph H, which describes Short's passion for the sport
and reiterates his warning to the writer about the struggle
involved in becoming a good player. There is also a link
between 'You got some sense of that this afternoon' in
paragraph H and the paragraph after the gap, which talks
about what the writer and Short had been doing that
afternoon.
There is a link between 'Short's career was dominated by
his rivalry with Garry Kasparov, the player with the highest
rating of all time' in paragraph B and 'The 1993 match
against Kasparov was a watershed for Short, and he never
quite climbed those heights again' in the paragraph after
the gap.
There is a link between 'The 1993 match against Kasparov
was a watershed for Short' in the paragraph before the
gap and 'The Short-Kasparov match was also a watershed
for world chess', in paragraph F. Paragraph F also outlines
the problems the chess world is facing, which leads to the
final paragraph, in which Short declares that despite this,
he is 'optimistic about the future of the sport'.

~ ~ PART 4
34 A: Incorrect. This is only part of the reason, and not the most
importantone,e~he~
34 B: Correct. 'His powerful concrete walls set a limit. Beyond
this point there is no passage but that which is opened by
his will.'
34 C: Incorrect. The writer uses 'materiality' to describe the
impression the walls create, not to tell us about the
materials used to build them.
34 D: Incorrect. The word 'materiality' is not used to refer to
passages.
35 A: Correct. 'Enso, the mysterious circles drawn by Zen
Buddhist monks in a single stroke, symbolise emptiness,
oneness, and the moment of enlightenment. The circle an
other rigorous geometric forms are the vocabulary of
Ando, related as much to Western architecture as to any
Eastern thought.'

A:
-

B:

Incorrect. The writer does not discuss the importance of

the circle in architecture, but implies that it is an important
feature in Ando's designs.
Incorrect. The writer uses the phrase 'the vocabulary of
Ando' metaphorically to illustrate that Enso has a strong
influence on his designs.
Incorrect. The writer does not say that Enso contributed to
the building of the Pantheon.
Incorrect. The text does not state or imply this. Also, the
word 'fashioned' means 'designed' in the context of the
text, not 'trend'.
Incorrect. The text does not state or imply this. Also, Ando
recognises Piranesi's influence on his work, but never
wished to 'emulate' him.
Incorrect. The text does not state or imply this. Ando has
been influenced by traditional Japanese architecture as
well as Western architecture.
Correct. 'He cites the Pantheon in Rome as an influence on
his work; proof that simple shapes fashioned with a
mastery of light and materials can create a transcendent
space. He speaks also of the "Prisons" in Piranesi's Carceri
d'invenzioni whose "dynamic verticality" contrasts with
the horizontal emphasis of much traditional Japanese
architecture, which is "non-geometric and irregular" by
nature. Tadao Ando has said that a goal of his work is to
bring together these apparently divergent ideas of space in
a "unified transcendent architecture".'
Incorrect. The writer implies that the opposite is true.
Incorrect. The writer does not talk of nature 'transcending'
buildings.
Correct. 'Looking out from the hilltop Annex of the
Naoshima Museum of Contemporary Art ... , one feels as
close to architectural perfection as possible. A great deal
of the meaning of Tadao Ando's work can be captured in
those fleeting instants when nature's presence ebbs and
flows past his concrete walls.'
Incorrect. The writer mentions this with reference to
Ando's buildings, but not as exemplifying 'architectural
perfection' .
Incorrect. This may be true but if it is, it is only partly true.
Correct. 'About the same time, in a used bookstore, I saw a
book on the complete work of Le Corbusier. I recopied
some of his drawings, and I would say that that is how I
began to be interested in architecture.'
Incorrect. Construction work was done on his home, but
he himself was not involved in it.
Incorrect. This alone did not cause him to become
interested in architecture. Also, the carpenters did not
rebuild his home.
Incorrect. The old wood houses no longer exist.
Correct. 'On a small site (57.3 square metres) inserted into
a row of narrow houses, the simple concrete facade and
equally unadorned doorway stand out without breaking
he rhythm of the street.'
Incorrect. 'As for its limited dimensions, with total floor
space of 64.7 square metres, the Sumiyoshi Row House
exceeds the average size of an Osaka dwelling (estimated
a 61 square metres in 1993).'
I correct. The writer says that the Azuma House is 'very
uch a personal creation'.
I correct. Although the writer mentions the use of
eometric shapes, these are not what he finds particularly
dmirable about Ando's buildings.

40 B:
40 C:

400:

Incorrect. Ando's choice of materials is not cited as being

particularly admirable.
Incorrect. Although the writer mentions the fact that
Ando's buildings 'exclude, then enclose, admitting light',
lighting effects are not mentioned.
Correct. 'They exclude then enclose, admitting light, wind
and the passing visitor, who leaves behind the disorder of
everyday existence to be sheltered in a realm of stillness';
'By excluding the chaotic environment and admitting
nature, Ando also developed what would become one of
the central themes in his work in this house'

PAPER 2 writing
~ ~ PART 1
Question 1
Style: Formal or semi-formal
Content: Essay
1 In the introduction outline the topic and say briefly
how you intend to address it.
2 You could address each point in the notes in relation
to both the theatre and the cinema, and organise
your paragraphs accordingly. Make sure you
address all the points:
Is the theatre outmoded? Is the cinema more
stimulating for young people?
Can teenagers relate to the cinema better than
they can to the theatre? How does the theatre
compare to the cinema in terms of relevance?
The theatre emphasises plot and dialogue; the
cinema relies more heavily on action and visual
effects. Does the plot suffer as a result in the
cinema? Do these differences make a difference to
how popular they are?
The language of the theatre is artificial. Is this a
problem for audiences?
3 Conclude by expressing your own views concerning
the popularity of the theatre and the cinema.

HPART 2
Question 2
Style: Formal
Content: Report, possibly divided into sections with headings.
Bullet points or numbered lists can also be used.
1 In the introduction state your reason for writing, and
the fact that you have based your report on opinions
expressed by members of the public.
2 In the main body you could have two paragraphs
with headings from the question: 'Newspaper
content and level of interest', 'Comparison with
national newspapers'. You should include examples
of public opinion and comment on their validity.
3 The concluding paragraph could be headed
'Recommendations', and should include suggestions
for improving the content of the newspaper and
enhancing its appeal.
Question 3
Style: Formal or semi-formal
Content: Article
1 In the introduction you could say which two or three
wild animals you are going to write about.
2 In the main body you could write a paragraph about
each animal, describing the effects urban

development is having on its survival, and saying

whether anything is being done to protect it.
3 Conclude by saying what you would like to happen
with regard to improving the protection of wildlife in
your area.
Question 4
Style: Formal
Content: Letter
1 Begin your letter by stating your reason for writing:
to complain about the train and the service provided
by the railway company.
2 In the main body give details to support what you
are saying. Refer to all the points in the question:
the dirty state of the train
the poor canteen facilities
your failure to arrive at work on time
3 Conclude by saying clearly what action you expect
the railway company to take and whether you
expect them to compensate you in any way.

~ ~ PART 1
9 lead
10 despite
11 from
12 if
13 between
14 show/indicate
15 make/render

~ ~ PART 2
16 swollen (verb to past participle)
17 apparently (verb to adjective to adverb)
18 gloriously (noun to adjective to adverb)
19 variety (adjective to noun)
20 irresistibly (verb to negative adjective to adverb)
21 uninitiated (verb to negative past participle)
22 requirements (verb to plural noun)
23 enables (adjective to verb)
24 unlikely (preposition to negative adjective)
25 enthusiasts (verb to plural noun)

~ ~ PART 3
26 hold
27 sense
28 petty

PAPER4 Listening
~ ~ PART 1
1C
2B
3B
4A

PAPER 3 Use of English

1 of
2 less
3 more
4 However/Rather/Instead
5 being
6 with
7 tend/seem
8 turn

41 morally questionable messages in advertisements which

suggest that a child is stupid if he does not buy the product
42 'children have become a prime target'
43 There are no restrictions on advertising on the Internet;
children are usually unsupervised while online, giving
advertisers virtually unlimited access to them.
44 Content points:
they are able to persuade parents to buy them things (first
text)
they will become tomorrow's adult consumers /
manufacturers want to turn them into lifetime consumers
(fi rst text)
children's insecurities make them easier to influence (first
and second text)
children are often exposed to advertising when alone
(watching TV or on the Internet) (second text)

29 follow
30 terms
31 reeling

H PART 4
32 no time (1) did David express (any) (1)
33 is under threat (1) of closure (1)
341 will take (1) your word for (1)
35 you will be/are (1) bound by (1)
36 with hindsight, (1) I could not have done anything (1)
37 (will) insist on (1) staying up/on not going to bed (1)
38 made a name (1) for herself as (1)
39 is prone to (1) illness/getting ill (1)

~ ~ PART 5
40 Advertisers do not question the morals of what they are
doing, they simply want to sell their product (because if they
do not, they will be in trouble).

H PART 2
9 leisure activity
10 (carbon dioxide) emissions
11 road safety
12 (comprehensive) schools
13 new recruits
14 (coronary) heart
15 injuries and fractures
16 mental performance
17 free of charge

~ ~ PART 3
18 B 19 D 20 A 21 B 22 C

~ ~ PART 4
23 T
24
25
26
27
28

J
B
B
T
B

mI_4

PAPER 1 Reading
~ ~ PART 1
1 B 2 D 3 C 4 B 5 A 6 C 7 D 8 B 9 A 10 C 11 B 12 C 13
14 C 15 A 16 C 17 D 18 B

H PART 2
19 A: Incorrect. Dance helps them to feel closer to their
ancestors: 'Allover North America, traditional dance
continues to forge a link with ancient ancestors'.
19 B: Correct. 'Allover North America, traditional dance
continues to forge a link with ancient ancestors and allo _
the native peoples of modern America to reaffirm their
cultural identity as well as celebrate fundamental
relationships with nature, their tribes and kin.'