3/2/2015

WhatarethedifferencesbetweenMitaksharaandDayabhagaSchools?

WhatarethedifferencesbetweenMitaksharaand
DayabhagaSchools?
by Niranjan B

Therearetwomainschools:MitaksharaSchoolandDayabhagaSchool.TheDayabhagaSchoolis
confinedtoBengalandittakesitsnameaftertheworkentitledtheDayabhagawrittenby
Jimutavahana.TheDayabhagais,infact,onlyachapterofalargerworkofthatauthor,butthis
chapteraloneisnowextant.
TherestofIndiafollowstheMitaksharaSchoolwhichissocalledaftertheworkentitledMitakshara
writtenbyVijnaneswaraasacommentaryontheSmritiofYajnavalkya.TheMitakshara(which
meansmeasuredwords)isregardedasauthorityeveninBengalinregardtoallmattersonwhich
thereisnocontradictoryopinionexpressedintheDayabhaga.TheMitaksharaSchoolisusually
subdividedintofourschools,namely,theBenarasSchool,theMithilaSchool,theMaharashtraand
theDravidaSchool.

DifferencesbetweenMitaksharaandDayabhagaSchools:
TheessentialdifferencesbetweenMitaksharaandDayabhagarelatetothefollowing

(i)JointFamily:
AccordingtotheMitaksharaason,grandsonandgreatgrandsonacquirebybirtharightinthe
ancestralproperty.ThisdoctrineisthebasisoftheMitaksharajointfamily.Accordingtothe
Dayabhagatheownershipofthesoncanariseonlyafterthedeathofthefather.
There,isnorightbybirth.Thefatherhasuncontrolledpowerofalienationoverthefamilyproperty
undertheDayabhaga.UndertheMitaksharathefatherspowerarequalifiedbythesonsequalright
bybirth.
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WhatarethedifferencesbetweenMitaksharaandDayabhagaSchools?

(ii)Survivorship:
BrotherswhohaveinheritedpropertyfromtheirfatherhavearightofsurvivorshipintheMitakshara
jointfamily.TheDayabhagadoesnotrecogniseanyrightofsurvivorshipandthebrothersholdin
quasiseveraltywithfullpowerofalienation.

(iii)Widowsrights:
Whenoneofthebrothersdies,hiswidowcansucceedtohisshareundertheDayabhagabutunder
theMitaksharaherrightsareexcludedbytherightofsurvivorshipofthebrothers.Thewidowcan
thenhaveonlyarighttomaintenance.

(iv)Sapinda:Heirship:
TherelationshipofSapindaarisesaccordingtoMitaksharabypropinquityorcommunityofblood.
UndertheDayabhagaitarisesbymeansofPindaofferingstodeceasedancestors.Spiritualbenefit
isthecriterionforheirshipundertheDayabhagawhileconsanguinity(bloodrelationship)isthe
guidingprincipleundertheMitakshara.

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