1.

Introduction
Over During the last century100 years, the world has increased global fossil fuel consumption
has increased by 12-fold times and extracted 34 times more extraction of material resources
has increased 34-fold (Potonik 2012). For aA future resource-efficient Europe in the future
must pay, more attention to municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling is required. There are
approximately 502 million people living in the European Union has about 502 million
inhabitants. On average, each inhabitant of whom generates an average of 520 kg of
municipal solid waste per year, which is or 260.5 million tons in total (EEA 2012). It is a
challenging task to handle Handling such a large amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). is
a challenging task. Despite of much a great deal of legislation and public attention, in 2009 40
percent% of the waste in Europe was still landfilled as of 2009 (EUROSTAT 2011).
Recycling is among one of the most common waste treatment options that has the most
potential for further improvement in Europe. Increased recycling leads to lower reduces
environmental impact, lower consumption of energy sources, and lower economic costs
(Eriksson et al. 2005).
There are large differences between cCountries vary greatly in terms of their practice and
performance in MSW recycling. The sStatistics from EUROSTAT (2011) show the highest
rates for recycling in that Germany, Sweden, and Belgium have the highest rates of recycling.
Conversely, while collection and recycling are still in their infancy in the new EU Member
States, with landfill rates ranging between from 62 percent% ( in Slovenia) and to 100 percent
in% ( Bulgaria). On EU average, more than 30 percent% of the EUs waste going goes into
landfill, which indicates a potential and need to improve the recycling of MSW (EUROSTAT
2011).

Householders, municipalities, logistics, and recycling service providers, are stakeholders in

the decision making process, and whose all have interests that must need to be balanced.
Municipal solid waste MSW recycling includes decisions such as logistics network design
and collection design. Dealing with each one of these aspects means involves solving several
combinatorial optimization problems, which can be assisted by Ooperations Rresearch
techniques (Ghiani et al., 2014). Decision support systems are have been developed and
published in the literature, based on optimization techniques to exploit the power of
mathematical modellingmodeling for assisting to assist in the decision-making process.
However, it is unclear if whether the available models can cope with the key issues in practice.
Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identifying research opportunities for
modellingmodeling MSW recycling with a focus on Ooperations Rresearch models.

Comment [ED1]: Is this what you

mean?