BIOL1003 and BIOL1903

Summary of HB Syllabus

SummaryofHumanBiology(BIOL1003,BIOL1903)
Lecture,HBOnlineandPracticalClass
Syllabus

AftercompletingtheLectures,HBOnline1andUnit1,youshouldbeableto:

TheMicroscope

operatethecompoundlightmicroscopeandthedissectingmicroscopetoexaminespecimens;
applyascaletoyourdrawings;
estimatethesizeofmicroscopicobjects;

CellStructure

describethestructuresandfunctionsofacell;
explainsurfaceareatovolumeratiosinrelationtocells;
describethestructureofDNAandhowitreplicates;
describethestagesofthecellcycle.

TheSkeletalSystem

describetheanatomyandstructureofbone;
explainhowboneisformed;
identifythebonesoftheaxialandappendicularskeletonsandstatetheirfunctions;
describeandstatethestructureofatypicalvertebraanddescribeatleastoneuniquecharacteristicof
vertebrae,includingtheatlasandaxisineachregionofthevertebralcolumn;

AftercompletingtheLectures,HBOnline2andUnit2,youshouldbeableto:

MusclesandJoints

describethejointsoftheaxialandappendicularskeletonandthestructureofsynovialjoints;
explainhowmuscleactioncausesmovementatjointsanddefineanantagonisticmusclepair;
defineamotorunitinamuscleanddescribethestructureofamusclefibre;
statetheslidingfilamenttheoryofmusclecontractionandexplaintheroleofcalciuminmuscle
contraction;
describethethreemainmuscletissuetypes;
describeperistalticmuscularactivityofthealimentarycanal,theurinarytractandthereproductive
tract.

TheDigestiveSystem

discusstheactionofdigestiveenzymesandtheprocessesinvolvedindigestingawellbalancedmeal;
identifythedigestiveorgansandglandsanddiscusstheirfunctions;
explainwhydigestionisnecessary;
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BIOL1003 and BIOL1903

Summary of HB Syllabus

explainthemajorregulatoryfunctionsoftheliver;
explainthecontrolmechanismsofdigestion;
summarisetheexchangeoffluidsbetweenthegutcavityandthebloodsystemduringeach24hours
ofoperationofthehumandigestivesystem;
discussmetabolicrateandbodytemperature;
explainthehormonalregulationofmetabolism;
discussthemetabolismofcarbohydrates,fatsandproteins;
describethegenerationofwastesbythebody;
statethemajorfoodrequirementsandidentifywhicharetheessentialandnonessentialnutrients;
describethefateofabsorbednutrients;
identifytheroleofmicrobesinnutrientuptake;
discussdiseasesresultingfromnutrientdeficiencies.

AftercompletingtheLectures,HBOnline3andUnit3,youshouldbeableto:

RespiratorySystem

describethestructuresofthehumanrespiratorysystemandstatetheirfunctions;
explainthemechanicsandcontroloflungventilationandhowpartialpressuresofcarbondioxide
(Pco2)andoxygen(Po2)inthebloodaffectventilationofthelungs;
describerespiratoryvolumesandpulmonaryfunctiontests;
describegasexchangeinthelungsandbetweenbloodandtissues;
explainthemechanismsofuptake,transportandreleaseofrespiratorygases(oxygen,carbondioxide)
inthebloodandthehomeostasisofbloodgaslevels;
explaintheeffectsofexerciseonrespiratoryfunction.

CirculatorySystem

identifythemainvesselsinthecirculatorysystem;
describethecompositionandfunctionsofblood;
comparearteries,capillariesandveins,andrelatetheirstructuretotheirfunction;
describehowthespecialisedcirculationoftheliverrelatestoitsfunction;
demonstrateanddescribethestructureofthemammalianheart,identifythebloodvesselsentering
andleavingtheheartandtracethepathwayofbloodthroughtheheart;
calculatepulse;
discussthefunctionsofthecardiovascularsystem;
explainhowbloodflowsthrougharteriesandveinsandhowthepressureofthebloodchangesasthe
bloodflowsthroughthecirculatorysystem;
describethemechanismofcapillaryexchange;
explainhowtheheartfunctions;
outlinesomeofthehomeostaticmechanismsthatcontrolbloodpressure;
discusshomeostasisoftheformedelementsofblood;
explainhowanaemiamayoccur;
explainthemechanismofclotting.

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BIOL1003 and BIOL1903

Summary of HB Syllabus

AftercompletingtheLectures,HBOnline4andUnit4,youshouldbeableto:

TheNervousSystem

identifythemajorstructuresandareasofthebrainanddescribetheirfunctions;
describethestructureofaneuron;
describethestructureofthespinalcordandhowsensoryinformationisconductedtoandmotor
informationisconductedfromthebrain;
describethefunctionsandcomponentsofareflexarcandidentifytheneuralpathwaysinvolved;
outlinefunctionsofthesomaticandautonomicnervoussystems(ANS)anddescribethe
complementarysympatheticandparasympatheticcomponentsoftheANS.

TheSenses

discussspecificityofreceptorsandexplainadaptation;
describesensoryreceptorsandoutlinethedifferentsensoryreceptorsoftheskin;
definespecialsenseorgans;
describethestructureandfunctionofthevertebrateeyeandtheresponseoftheeyetostimuli;
describethestructureandfunctionoftheouter,middleandinnerear;
describesometypesofhearingdefects;
explainthefunctionofthevestibularsystem.

AftercompletingtheLectures,HBOnline5andUnit5,youshouldbeableto:

TheEndocrineSystem

listthehormoneproducingareasinthebodyandtheirhormones
understandthegeneralroleofhormonesinbodyhomeostasis
listthemaintypesofhormonesprotein,steroidandaminehormones,withexamples
discussthemechanismsbywhichsteroidandproteinhormonesaltertheactivityoftheirtargetcells
describethewaythathormonesecretionfromanendocrineglandiscontrolledbyfeedbackloops,
includingexamplesofdirect,indirectandneuralfeedback.

TheLymphaticSystemandImmunity

outlinethecomponentscomprisingthelymphaticsystem;
explainthebody'sspecificandnonspecificdefencemechanismsanddescribethedifferencebetween
them;
discussspecificdisordersoftheimmuneandlymphaticsystems;
outlinetheconceptofthehumanbodyasanidealenvironmentformicrobes,andthediversityof
microbialhabitats;
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BIOL1003 and BIOL1903

Summary of HB Syllabus

illustratethatthebodyhasanormalmicroflorawhichusuallycausesnoharm;
outlinethemechanismsbywhichthehumanbodyandhumansocietycontrolmicrobialgrowthand
situationsinwhichthiscontrolbecomesfaulty;
describeanantigen;
outlinecellandhumoralmediatedimmunityandtheirassociatedimmunecells;
definetheconceptsofselfandnonself;
describethefunctionofBcellsandantibodiesandvaccination;
describeantigenprocessingandpresentation;
outlinethefunctionsofcytokines.

ExcretionandtheUrinarySystem

listfourexcretoryorgansandthesubstancestheyexcrete;
describethestructureandfunctionoftheskin;
describethemajorformsofskincancer;
describethegenerationofwastesbythebodyandtheremovalofwastesbydefecation;
describetheoverallstructureoftheurinarysysteminthemaleandthefemale;
describethelocation,structureandfunctionsofthekidneyand
explain how a spectrophotometer works and use a spectrophotometer to measure absorbance of
varioussolutions;
calculateandapplyastandard(calibration)curve;
explaintheprinciplesofdialysis;
describethebloodsupplytothekidneynephron;
describethestructureofanindividualnephronandexplainwhatismeantbyglomerulus,glomerular
filtrate,Bowman'scapsuleandloopofHenle;
explainthefunctionalmechanismofanephron;
explainhowwaterresorptionoccursinthekidney;
explainhowthevolumeofurineisregulated;
discussthemechanismsforsaltandwaterhomeostasis;
discusshomeostasisofbloodpressure.

AftercompletingtheLectures,HBOnline6andUnit6,youshouldbeableto:

TheReproductiveSystem

outlineandexplainmeiosis;
definegamete,fertilizationandzygote;
explainthefunctionaldifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalehumangametes;
describetheoverallanatomicalstructureofthemalereproductivesystem;
listfunctionsoftheglandsinthemalereproductivesystem;
describespermatogenesis;
describethefunctionsofthemalehormones
describethehormonalcontrolofspermproductionandthemaintenanceofmalenessduringthelife
cycle;
describetheoverallanatomicalstructureofthefemalereproductivesystem;

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BIOL1003 and BIOL1903

Summary of HB Syllabus

describeoogenesis;
summariseanoverviewofthemenstrualcycle;
explainthehormonalcontrolofthiscycle;
outlinethestepsleadingto,andtheprocessoffertilization;

Development

identifythetimetableofmajoreventsinthedevelopmentofthehumanembryoandfoetusand
describetheseevents;
outlinethebasicfeaturesoffertilisation;
describetheimplantationofthehumanembryo;
listthefourmajorcellularprocessesunderlyingembryonicdevelopment;
defineanddescribecleavage,gastrulationandorganogenesis;
explainthefunctionsoftheyolksac,amnion,chorionandallantoisinhumandevelopment;
describetheroleofthehumanplacentainembryonicnutrition,excretion,respirationanddefence;
explainthehormonalinteractionsbetweenmotherandembryoduringhumanpregnancy;
explainwhatismeantbyartificialcultureofmammalianembryostotheblastocyststage;
statethethreemajorstepsinthebirthprocessanddescribethemechanismthatinitiateshumanbirth;
explainhowthefoetusatbirthchangesfromplacentalrespirationtolungbreathing.
explainthetermscongenitalabnormalityandteratogenandgivesomeexamples;

Inheritance

definetherelationshipofgenotypeandphenotype
definealleles,heterozygosityandhomozygosity
describeMeiosisandtheconsequencesofrecombination
predictsinglelocusMendelianinheritance
understandhowtodoadihybridcross
describehowgenelinkagecanbemeasuredbycalculatingrecombinationfrequencies
definedifferencesingeneticmapsandphysicalmaps
showhowrestrictionenzymescanbeusedingenemapping
listthecomponentsandfeaturesofthehumangenome
understandwhatinformationisdescribedingenomes,transcriptomesandproteomes
understandtherelationshipofgenesandorganismfunctiononthegenomicscale
understandtheconceptofepigeneticinheritance
describehowerrorsduringmeiosisleadtoabnormalities;
reproduceandinterprethumanpedigrees;
describesomesimplechromosomalabnormalities;
identifythestrategiesusedformappinghumandiseasegenes,linkage,insituhybridisationand
somaticcellgenetics;

HumanPopulationsandHumanImpact

understandthekeydefinitionsthatrelatetohumanpopulations;
identifycharacteristicsofdifferentpopulations;
discussmajorinfluencesofhumansontheenvironment.

BIOL1003 and BIOL1903

Summary of HB Syllabus

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