SCS 139 Applied Physics II

Lecturer: Assoc.Prof.Dr.Thawatchai Onjun

Text. Books:
1. Halliday, D., et al, Fundamentals of Physics, 9th Edition,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2. Giambattista A., College Physics, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill
Education
3. Tippens P. E., Physics, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill Education
4. Young and Freeman, University Physics, 10th Edition,
Addison-Wesley

Class Evaluation
Quiz
Homework
Mid-term Exam.
Final Exam

10%
10%
40%
40%

Class Schedule
Week
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8-9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17-18

Subject
Electric Charge
Electric Fields
Electric potential
Capacitance
Electric Current and Circuits
Magnetic Forces and Fields
Induction and Inductance
Midterm Exam
Alternative Current
Maxwells Equations
Images
Interference
Diffraction
Photons and Matter Waves
All about Atoms
Final Exam

Reference [1]
Ch.21
Ch.22-23
Ch.24
Ch.25
Ch.26-27
Ch.28-29
Ch.30
Ch.31
Ch.32
Ch.34
Ch.35
Ch.36
Ch.38-39
Ch.40

Electric Charge
There are two kinds of electric charge: positive and negative.

A body is electrically neutral if the sum of all the charges in a

body is zero.
A hydrogen atom

A positive charge (proton)

+
A negative charge (electron)

Charge is a conserved quantity.

Discovery of Electric Charge

In 600 BC, ancient Greek
found that charge could be
accumulated by rubbing fur on
various substances, such as
amber.
In 18th, Michael Faraday
studied about properties of
positive charges and
Benjamin Franklin explored
about positive and negative
charges.

Experimental Observation of Electric Charge

Electric charge is an intrinsic property of
particles that objects are made of.

Charges with the same electrical sign repel each other,

and charges with opposite electrical signs attract each other

The elementary unit of charge is e = 1.60210-19 C.

The charge on the electron is 1e.

unit of charge

The charge on the proton is +1e.

The charge on the neutron is 0e.
This body is electrically neutral.

+
+ +
+

Keep in mind! Experiments show that likes charges will repel

each other and unlike charges will attract each other and that
the force decreases with increasing distance between
charges.
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Example
A metallic sphere has a charge of +4.0 nC. A negatively
charged rod has a charge of 6.0 nC. When the rod touches
the sphere, 8.2109 electrons are transferred. What are the
charges of the sphere and the rod now?

Electric Charge & Materials

Electrons in objects move and transfer while
nuclei are immobile.
Materials can be classified by the ability of their
electrons to move.
Four groups of materials can be found:
Insulator: are materials through which charge cannot
move freely.
Conductor: are materials through which charge can
move rather freely.
Semiconductor: are intermediate materials between
insulator and conductor.
Superconductor: are materials that are perfect
conductors.

Four groups of materials

Insulator

Semiconductor

Conductor

Superconductor

Charge is quantized
Any positive or negative charge q can be
written as

in which e, the elementary charge, has the

value of

Coulombs Law
The magnitude of the force
between two point charges is:
where q1 and q2 are the charges, r is the separation between
the two charges and k = 8.99109 Nm2/C2.

where k

1
4 0

and 0 8.85 1012 C2 /Nm 2

and 0 is called the permittivity of free space.

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The electric force is directed between the centers of the two

point charges.

q1

F21

F12

q2

Repulsive force
between q1 and q2.

F21

Attractive force
between q1 and q2.

q1

q2

F12

The electric force is an example of a long-range or field

force, just like the force of gravity.
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Example
What is the net force on the charge q1 due to the other two
charges? q1 = +1.2 C, q2 = 0.60 C, and q3 = +0.20 C.

F21

F31
The net force on q1 is Fnet = F21 + F31
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Example continued:

The magnitudes of the forces are:

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Example continued:

The components of the net force are:

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Example continued:

The magnitude of the net force is:

The direction of the net force is:

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Example
Two positively charged particles fixed in place on an
x-axis. The charges are q1 = 1.6x10-19 C and q2 =
3.2x10-19 C, and the particle separation is R = 0.02
m. What are the magnitude and direction of the
electrostatic force F12 on particle 1 from particle 2?
Net Force:

Example
Similar to the previous Example, except that
particle 3 now lies on the x axis between particles 1
and 2. Particle 3 has charge q3 = -3.2x10-19 C and
is at a distance 0.75R from particle 1. What is the
net electrostatic force F1,net on particle 1 due to
particles 2 and 3?
Net Force:

Example
Similar to the previous Example, except that particle
4 now included. It has charge q4 = -3.2x10-19 C, is
at a distance 0.75R from particle 1, and lies on a
line that makes an angle = 60 with the x axis.
What is the net electrostatic force F1,net on particle 1
due to particles 2 and 4?
Net Force:

Example
Four particles form a square as shown in
the figure below. The charges are q1 = q4
= Q and q2 = q3 = q. What is Q/q if the net
electrostatic force on particles 1 is zero?
The x-component of the force experienced
by q1 = Q is

which (upon requiring F1x = 0) leads to

If y direction is considered, the same result is obtained

Example
What is the ratio of the electric force and gravitational force
between a proton and an electron separated by 5.310-11 m
(the radius of a Hydrogen atom)?

The ratio is:

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Charges in Equilibrium
A charge can be in equilibrium on electrostatic
force if the net electrostatic force is equal to
zero:

Fnet 0

Learning Summary
We have covered an introduction of E&M. Three topics
have been discussed.
Electric Charges

Properties of Conductors/Insulators
Coulombs Law
Charges in Equilibrium

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