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2. The field is strong where there are many field lines and
weak where there are few lines.
3. The field lines start on + charges and end on charges.
Electric dipole
Fe k Q
E
2
q
r
E net Ei
i
Example
Example: Find the electric field at the point P.
P
x
q1 = +e
q2 = 2e
x=0m
x=1m
x=2m
Example continued:
q1 = +e
q2 = 2e
Locate the
positive test
charge here.
P
x
q1 = +e
q2 = 2e
Direction of E due
to charge 2
Direction of E due
to charge 1
8
Example continued:
Enet E1 E2
Enet E1 E2
Example continued:
E1
k q1
E2
k q2
r2
r2
9 10
9 10
3
.
6
10
N/C
2
(2 m)
2
.
9
10
N/C
2
(1 m)
10
1 q
1 q
4 0 r2 4 0 r2
1
2
2
4 0
d 4 0
d
z
z
2
2
q
d
d
....
....
2
4 0 z
2z
2z
2d
4 0 z 2 z
E
2
3
4 0 z z 2 0 z
If p qd is the electric
dipole moment
q
E
r
2
4 0 r
1
dE
ds
4 0 z R
cos
ds
4 0 z 2 R 2
E dE
R2
14
Fe
x
Fe ma
Fe qE ma
q
a E
m
15
Example
What electric field strength is needed to keep an electron
suspended in the air?
y
Fe
w
To get an upward force on the electron, the electric field
must be directed toward the Earth.
16
Example continued:
Fe w 0
Fe w
qE eE mg
mg
E
5.6 10 11 N/C
e
17
Example
A horizontal beam of electrons moving 4.0107 m/s is
deflected vertically by the vertical electric field between two
oppositely charged parallel plates. The magnitude of the field
is 2.00104 N/C.
Example
A horizontal beam of electrons moving 4.0107 m/s is
deflected vertically by the vertical electric field between two
oppositely charged parallel plates. The magnitude of the field
is 2.00104 N/C.
Example continued:
20
Example continued:
Example continued:
Deflection of an
electron in the
beam
22
Gausss Law
Enclose a point
charge +Q with an
imaginary sphere.
+Q
Example
Find the electric flux through each side of a cube of edge
length a in a uniform electric field of magnitude E.
A cube has six sides: The field lines enter one face and
exit through another. What is the flux through each of
the other four faces?
24
Example continued:
25
Qinside
26
GaussLaw
Guasslaw relates the electric field lines on
a (closed) Gaussian surface to the charge
enclosed by that surface
qenc
E.dA
0 E.dA qenc
c
Meaning of GaussLaw
qenc
E
.
d
A
Calculation
0 E.dA qenc
c
0 EdA q0
c
0 E dA q0
c
0 E 4r q0
2
Remarks:
Calculation
Calculation
0 E.dA qenc
c
0 E.dA E.dA E.dA q0
top
side
bottom
0 EdA q0
top
0 E dA q0
top
0 EA A
Remarks:
Electric field lines are in the parallel direction
(to the right)
Electric field is constant everywhere
Calculation
Calculation
0 E.dA qenc
c
0 E.dA E.dA E.dA q0
top
side
bottom
0 EdA q0
side
0 E dA q0
side
0 E 2rl l
Remarks:
Electric field lines are in the horizontal
plane
Electric field is constant on the side of
cylinder
Form Gaussian surface as a cylinder
E
2 0
Calculation
Calculation
0 E.dA qenc
c
0 E.dA E.dA E.dA q0
top
side
bottom
0 E.dA E.dA q0
top
bottom
2 0 E dA q0
top
2 0 EA A
E
2 0
Remarks:
Electric field lines are in the parallel
direction (to the left and right)
Electric field is constant everywhere
There is no electric filed in the metal
Form Gaussian surface as a cylinder
Summary
We have covered about electric field, including
definition, how to find electric field and the behaviors of
changes in electric field. Three topics have been
discussed.
The Electric Field
Motion of a Point Charge in an Electric Field
Gausss Law
41