USC Web-Based Electronic Voting System - Engl 23 Research v1.1

UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS
WEB-BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING SYSTEM
____________________
A Research Paper
Presented to the
Faculty of the Department of Languages and Literature
University of San Carlos
Cebu City, Philippines
____________________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
English 23
Technical Writing
____________________
by
Members
Abaquita, Earl John
Berdin, Carla
Galido, Ralph Christopher
Lucero, Kristian
Saren, Mark
March 11, 2015
UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
The Undergraduate Thesis titled University of San Carlos Web-Based
Electronic Voting System prepared and submitted by EARL JOHN ABAQUITA,
CARLA I. BERDIN, RALPH CHRISTOPHER B. GALIDO, KRISTIAN B.
LUCERO, AND MARK F. SAREN in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING has been
examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL
EXAMINATION.
THESIS COMMITTEE
-------------------------------------Adviser
______________________________
______________________________
Member
Member
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on oral Examination with a grade of _______.
_________________________
Member
______________________________
Member
______________________________
Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING.
______________________________
Chair
3/11/2015
Date of Oral Examination
ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researchers would like to thank the following people for making this
study possible:
Mrs. Tomasita Laborte for her guidance all throughout the research. She
kindly read our paper and offered invaluable advices on grammar, organization,
and the theme of the paper.
The System Developers and the USC SSC COMELEC Chairperson for
their cooperation and the grant of access of the voting system.
Friends, classmates, and schoolmates for their cooperation in the
gathering of data.
The University of San Carlos for being an academic institution that fosters
study and research.
Teachers for sharing their technical knowledge in their field, and for
imparting their values with us.
Parents for their unconditional love and support in all our endeavors.
And most importantly, we thank our Lord God, our Creator for the strength
to pursue and the patience in conducting this research.
We thank all of you most sincerely.
iii
ABSTRACT
This study tested, verified, and validated the reliability of the University of
San Carlos Web-Based Electronic Voting System in accordance to the Stanford
Research Institute (SRI) criteria: system integrity, data integrity and reliability,
and voter anonymity and data confidentiality. The sixty (60) participants of the
test election were students of the university. They were instructed to vote using
sample ballots with random names of candidates. The answered ballots were
manually tallied and served as the basis of comparison for the output of the
voting system. Test cases were also run by the researchers to test the system
further. The comparison results counted as 100% identical and the test cases
that were run proved to have passed the system requirements. This research will
serve as an authentication of the universitys voting system.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Approval Sheet---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ii
Acknowledgment-------------------------------------------------------------------------
iii
Abstract-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iv
Table of Contents------------------------------------------------------------------------
List of Tables------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vi
List of Figures-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
vii
CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION----------------------------------------------------------------
Rationale of the Study-------------------------------------------------
Review of Related Literature----------------------------------------
Theoretical Background-----------------------------------------------
THE PROBLEM------------------------------------------------------------------
11
Statement of the Problem---------------------------------------------
11
Significance of the Study----------------------------------------------
11
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY-----------------------------------------------
12
Research Environment-------------------------------------------------
13
Research Participants--------------------------------------------------
13
Research Instruments--------------------------------------------------
13
Research Procedures---------------------------------------------------
14
DEFINITION OF TERMS--------------------------------------------------------
15
II
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND

ANALYSIS OF DATA------------------------------------------
17
Interview Results---------------------------------------------------------
17
Test Election Results----------------------------------------------------
19
Software Testing Results----------------------------------------------
23
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS-----------------------------------------
28
Summary of Findings----------------------------------------------------
28
Conclusions----------------------------------------------------------------
29
Recommendations-------------------------------------------------------
30
BIBLIOGRAPHY/References/Works Cited-------------------------------------------
31
III
APPENDICES*
A. Transmittal Letters-------------------------------------------------------------
33
B. Interview Questions/Test Ballot/Software Testing---------------------
35
C. List of Respondents------------------------------------------------------------
64
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
Test Election Results --------------------------------------------------------
19
Software Testing Results --------------------------------------------------
23
Bug Severity Distribution ---------------------------------------------------
24
Voter Account Table Structure in the Database ----------------------
26
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
Schematic Diagram of the Study -----------------------------------------
10
Presidential Result -----------------------------------------------------------
21
Vice-Presidential Result ----------------------------------------------------
21
Result for Councilors --------------------------------------------------------
22
Software Testing Results --------------------------------------------------
23
Bug Severity Distribution ---------------------------------------------------
25
vii
viii
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the Study

The Supreme Student Council election is a much awaited event in a
university. It is a demonstration of democracy and a formal decision-making
process by which the student population chooses individuals to hold office for the
next academic year. In the University of San Carlos, the USC Supreme Student
Council (USC-SSC) is responsible for the student body elections. The council for
the Academic Year 2015-2016 will be formed through elections on March 5,
2015.
Akin to any other elections before the computer era, the SSC elections in
the university were through the use of ballots and manual ballot counts. And as
the population of the university grew to being one of the largest academic
institutions in Cebu, assuring a fraud-free election posed as a very huge
challenge for the SSC, not to mention the very tedious task of ballot counting. To
address this, on March 11, 2011, the student council actualized their very first
step to digital elections- the full implementation of its very own web-based evoting system that uses PHP as the scripting language and MySQL for the
database.
On a global perspective, countries, including our own has adapted the
technological convenience brought by the Smartmatic Precinct Count Optical
1
Scan (PCOS) machines in place of the traditional ballot boxes ever since 2004
(Gulf News). But on 2014, issues regarding the reliability of these machines
came into the open. The Senate Committee tackled about the discrepancies of
the total manual ballot count in Nueva Ecija as compared to the result of the
PCOS machine count (Rappler, 2014). If even the PCOS machines are
vulnerable to disparities, there are issues that the universitys local system might
be threatened with. This led us to conduct this research.
This study focuses on assessing the Web voting system using the SRI
International Electronic Voting Criteria (September 1993): system integrity, voter
anonymity and data confidentiality, and data integrity and reliability. System
integrity refers to a tamperproof system. After software testing, the codes, its
parameters and configuration must remain static throughout the duration of the
elections. The voting counts must also never be accessed externally and that
there must never be an association between the votes and the voters identity.
Data integrity and reliability on the other hand refers to the correctness of the
data gathering. Lastly, the electronic vote counts must coincide with the real
voter count.
These criteria must be met by the web-based electronic voting system for
it to be qualified as credible and the only way of knowing is to conduct software
testing to the system. The student body deserves an honest and fraud-free
election and so it is imperative to ensure them this. The importance and
significance of each vote cast should be, at all times, at utmost consideration.
The voting system should cater to this principle. This is why the study should be
conducted, to test, verify, and validate the web-based voting system that has
been the backbone of the USC-SSCs elections.
Review of Related Literature

The approach in conducting elections has evolved through the years.
From the traditional paper-based counting, e-voting has replaced it in the
pedestal. The streamlining of voting reduces the inconveniences that prevent
voters from going to polls (Dunlop, 2008). According to the National Democratic
Institute (NDI), the United States is the spearhead towards this evolution and
now 31 countries (out of 197) has piloted this technology, nine of which has not
continued.
As defined by the journal Network Voting System Standards by
VoteHere, Inc. (2002), an electronic voting system is a voting system in which the
election data is recorded, stored, and processed primarily as digital information.
This applies to the voting system of the University of San Carlos Supreme
Student Council (SSC) because it uses software that runs in a computer that is
connected to the schools servers.
An ABC Australia article by a political correspondent has formally
broached last month (November 2014) that Australias Joint Standing Committee
on Electoral Matters released an interim report saying that there were too many
risks in the implementation of e-voting federal elections. From the machine being
vulnerable to hacking to the cost it would require to mitigate this risk, the federal
parliament committee has ruled out e-voting. On the other side of the globe, the
United Kingdom has also abandoned this technology. It turned out that the pilots
3
they were testing had basic errors. And even if they were only basic, the UK has
dismissed it overlooking that it definitely plays a huge impact on the electoral
integrity and could wreck an election. The NDI Guide has also pointed out the
same matters for Norway, Italy, Kazakhstan, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Paraguay,
Netherlands, Belgium, and even our country, Philippines.
The University of San Carlos is not the only university that employs a webbased voting system. As cited by Reyes (2010) in his article How UP Diliman
Implemented Its Own Automated Voting System, UP Diliman has been
implementing a web-based electronic voting system for all its university-wide
elections since 2009. To add security measures, an eligible voter is given a preprepared computer generated password for him to use it as his login password. A
CAPTCHA form is also put in place to ensure that the electronic ballot was filled
out by a human. Security is a major factor to consider in a voting system, and the
USC SSCs web-based electronic voting system should uphold the integrity of
the election by being secure and reliable.
According to the article, ACLU-TN Opens Toll-Free Voter Hotline and
Online Voting Resource Center for March 6 Primary Voters Experiencing
Problems at the Polls Urged to Call published by Targeted News Service (2012),
these are the problems that voters may face at the polls: too few machines in
polling places which will lengthen lines and discourage eligible voters; moving
polling places on short notice or without sufficient warning; and disinformation
campaigns.
Electronic voting systems are, in their nature, different from physical voting
methods. In the journal Bringing Confidence to Electronic Voting, Riera and
Brown (2003) stated that because of the digital nature of the ballots, the
complexity of the system, the lack of transparency of the systems used, and the
special privileges of certain people have in the system, a wide variety of threats
can be encountered. In an electronic voting system, a bulk of these threats must
be prepared and tested for so that the elections will run smoothly and fraud-free.
In many areas of the country, vote buying, ballot-box stuffing, voter
suppression and intimidation, even outright thievery have long been components
of the political culture, and voters have had to rely on little more than blind faith in
hoping that their votes would be accurately assigned to their chosen candidates
(Oravec, 2005). This study by Oravec was conducted in the United States of
America. This is one of the main problems of the voting system, whether it is evoting or manual voting. In e-voting, voters are forced to believe that the system
correctly assigns their votes to the right candidate without even knowing how the
system handles all the data.
The publication Report of the National Workship on Internet Voting:
Issues and Research Agenda lists several criteria that election system must
satisfy.
This includes eligibility and authentication, uniqueness, accuracy,
integrity, and reliability, among many others. This research focuses on these
criteria to determine if the USC SSCs voting system satisfies these
requirements.
Security testing is generally an overlooked and underappreciated part of

the electronic voting machine testing process as a whole (Balzarotti et al, 2010).
According to the study An Experience in Testing the Security of Real-World
Electronic Voting Systems by Balzarotti et al, these are the reasons why security
testing is hard to do for these kind of systems: First, the majority of software
developers are not security experts, or even security aware. This leads to
software with bolted-on security, poorly implemented security, or no security
whatsoever; Second, software testing engineers and the organizations that
employ them are concerned with proper execution in response to use cases and
the advertised functionality of a product. Exceptional and hostile environments
are usually not considered in the testing process, even though there are a
substantial number of publications on security testing therefore, security holes
are not discovered; Finally, the security of large systems with many developers is
often hard to assess because it requires knowledgeable individuals who are able
to understand how one could leverage the complex interactions between the
components to bring the system into an unintended and vulnerable state.
The aforementioned characteristics of voting systems imply three
important consequences that necessitate proper design and security evaluation.
First, the presence of sensitive election information makes the threat of wellfunded and motivated attackers a real concern. Second, the distributed nature,
complex design, and reliance on proper execution of operational procedures all
serve to create a wide and varied attack surface. Finally, the publics relation to
voting systems, both in their use and in their effect on the future direction of
society, makes public perception and confidence of primary importance when

testing these systems. All of
these factors, combined with historical
implementation issues, set the testing requirements for electronic voting systems
apart from the testing of other systems.
There are ISO Standards to license a software and only validation,
verification and thorough testing basing on these standards can prove the
integrity of a software, and in e-voting, it turns out that its integrity relies on the
machines as well. How secure is an electronic vote is a monumental question
faced by every governing community implementing this technology. Perhaps its
never going to be perfect but it is imperative to be certain that its discrepancies
wont compromise the rectitude of an election and wont rob its people of
democracy.
Theoretical Background
The University of San Carlos has adopted the practice of e-voting for its
elections. An electronic voting system, as defined by the journal Network Voting
System Standards by VoteHere, Inc. (2002), is a voting system in which the
election data is recorded, stored, and processed primarily as digital information. It
is believed that it can reduce election costs and increase civic participation by
making the voting process more convenient.
The voting system has three modules - the Administrator module, Election
Unlocker module, and the Voter module. Each of these modules govern the data
to be fetched or added to the main database with a specific user only having
access to one module. Miscommunication within these modules can cause
7
discrepancies depending on the severity that could compromise the outcome of

the elections.
To ensure a good voting system, requirements must be set for the system
to be used. There are certain criteria that an e-voting system should meet to be
credible. Amidst the debate in evaluating these systems, a paper presented at
the 16th National Computer Security Conference in Baltimore, Maryland has
assessed and consolidated the basic needs of an e-voting system. It was
presented by Peter G. Neumann in behalf of the Stanford Research Institute
(SRI) International.
First criterion is system integrity. The computer systems (in hardware
and system software) must be tamper-proof. Ideally, system changes must be
prohibited throughout the active stages of the election process. No run-time selfmodifying software can be permitted. There should be no bugs that can subvert
the election.
Data integrity and reliability in the system must also be observed. Data
involved in entering and tabulating votes must be tamperproof. Votes must be
recorded correctly.
The last criterion is voter anonymity and data confidentiality. The
voting counts must be protected from external reading during the voting process.
The association between recorded votes and the identity of the voter must be
completely unknown within the voting systems.
Software testing should also be done to the USC E-Voting System since it
is primarily software. As mentioned by Kaner (November 2006), software testing
is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the

quality of the product or service under test. Software testing doesnt only limit to
finding bugs in a program but it involves the execution of software component or
system to evaluate one or more properties of interest. These properties of
interest include the following: meeting the requirements of the specified system;
performs the functions within an acceptable time; sufficiently usable; can be
installed and run in its intended environment; and achieve the general result its
stakeholders desire.
In order to determine if the USC E-Voting System is reliable, the system
should be analyzed and examined based on the criteria mentioned for a credible
e-voting system. Any errors that would yield from the software testing will also
determine the effectiveness of the system and whether the USC should continue
using the system in the long run.
Schematic Diagram
10
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the
University of San Carlos (USC) Web-based Electronic Voting System through
software testing.
This study attempts to answer the following questions:
1.0 How is the voting system implemented in terms of the following criteria:
1.1 system integrity
1.2 data integrity and reliability
1.3 voter anonymity and data confidentiality
2.0 Does the USC Web-based Electronic Voting System provide a systematic
and accurate election to the USC-SSC?
Significance of the Study

This study would be beneficial to the following:
The Supreme Student Council who are called responsible in administering
honest and reliable elections. The result of the software testing will serve as the
basis of the integrity of the elections that cant be freely questioned.
The entire study body that they may be able to vote in the elections to
come with the assurance that the unit that they are using to cast their votes has
gone through thorough and repeated testing and that every vote shall count.
11
The candidates whose positions will be determined by every vote of the

student body. An honest election will ensure that whatever number of casted
votes there will be in their favor or not, that they will be at peace with it and that
there will be no grievances of feeling cheated.
The university whose student body performance and cooperation can be
highly affected by the ability of the Supreme Student Council to lead, that is, for
the right and elect young leaders to be in it.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Methods
This study uses quantitative style of research in the form of software
testing to measure the quality of the unit which was the USC Web-based
Electronic Voting system.
The study focuses on determining if the system
passes the three criteria, and on finding bugs in the software. Software Test
Measurements was used for quantification. An example of test measurement
was finding the total number of defects found in a given module. Data gathered
were tabulated and presented in graph for further analysis.
12
Research Environment
The voting on the test ballots done by the participants was conducted
inside the university premises. Since the system is temporarily hosted online for
testing purposes, the software testing was conducted outside the university.
Research Participants
The participants of the study were tertiary students of the University of
San Carlos - Technological Center. The participants were taken from those
enrolled in courses in different colleges but mostly under the College of
Engineering during the second semester of the Academic Year 2014-2015. Sixty
(60) participants were considered to vote on test ballots in the study.
Research Instruments
The researchers sought access of the Web Voting System from the SSCCOMELEC. These voting stations were put-up online and were prepared for
software testing. Sixty (60) test ballots were prepared for the researchers to
predict the controlled outcome of the test elections which were compared to the
experimental outcome. These test ballots were given out to students from
different colleges, mostly from the College of Engineering.
An interview with the COMELEC chair was conducted to gain a basic
knowledge of the voting system. Interviews to the voting systems developers,
who are currently working abroad, were also conducted through the Internet.
13
Research Procedures
Gathering of Data. The study applied a software testing approach in
gathering data. Requirements for the electronic voting system were determined
based on these three criteria: system integrity, data integrity and reliability, voter
anonymity and data confidentiality. Test cases were then designed for each
criteria to be tested. Each test case included the functionality being tested,
system preconditions, steps to take, expected outcome, actual result, and
pass/fail status.
A test election was started using an administrator account. Sample parties
with respective candidates, from president to councilors, were made. Election
parameters and settings were also set up just like the upcoming 2015 elections.
Test ballots were given to 60 students, and were asked to vote on the
candidates by checking the box beside the candidate. This test ballots served as
the guide for the testers who will input the votes into the web-based voting
system. The testers then logged in to the voting system using the ID numbers of
the students, and inputted their choices based on who they voted for in the test
ballots.
To ensure the consistency of the votes, the researchers double-checked
the web-based voting ballot against their respective printed ballot.
The participants were assured of the confidentiality of their votes and
accounts, that their information were used for academic purposes only.
Treatment of Data. The results of the test cases were checked to see if
the test case passed or failed. The failed test cases were recorded and were
14
considered as a bug. Details of the bug such as its description, and severity,
were listed. The severity of the bugs, and the bug density was used to check if
the system passes the system integrity criterion.
The total votes of each candidate in the web-based election was checked
against the total votes of each candidate on the printed ballots. These were
presented in tabular form. This was to determine if the vote counting produces
correct results and if the system passes the data integrity and reliability criterion.
As for voter anonymity and data confidentiality, the table structure for the
voter account was listed. It was checked to see if the individual votes can be
traced back to its voter.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined as used in study:
USC SSC Elections is the gathering of votes from the students of the
University of San Carlos in order to decide upon who will be taking each position
of the Supreme Student Council.
Web-based system is a set of interdependent parts and processes that
are integrated as one, but cannot be fully operational when there is no network
connection available.
Electronic Voting (E-voting) system is a voting system that uses servers,
and algorithms, and relies heavily on a network connection to aid in collecting
and counting votes.
PHP is the scripting language used in making the flow and algorithms of a
web-based system.
15
MySQL is the database management system used in storing and

organizing the data collected.
Functionality refers to the systems overall quality of being suited to serve
its purpose well and achieve the users needs.
Software Testing is the step-by-step process through which the Voting
Software is presented by different scenarios to ensure that it will function as it is
expected. Bug tracking is also part of it.
System integrity means that the system must not be changed whether its
hardware or software during the active stages of the election.
Data integrity and reliability means that the data must not be changed.
The data must be handled securely and the votes counted must be correct.
Voter anonymity and data confidentiality means that the voting counts
must be protected from external reading and the voters identity must be
unknown in the system.
Bug is an error or a fault in the system that produces an incorrect or
unexpected result to a set of procedures.
Test Ballot is a list of candidates running in an election written or printed
on a piece of paper where voters record their decisions.
Test Elections is the process of running an election for the sake of testing
purposes and collection of data.
16
Chapter 2
TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF DATA, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION
This chapter presents, analyzes, and interprets the data gathered from the
interviews, test ballots, test election results, and software testing.
Interviews were conducted for the researchers to have a basic
understanding of how the system works. Since the developers are already based
abroad, the interview was conducted through the Internet. The researchers
scheduled the interview among three key correspondents:
1. Danica Blanche Fernandez - USC SSC COMELEC Chairperson
The university has been using the system since the 2011 SSC Elections.
Before the elections, a Master List of all the Candidates should be secured. Then
the Administrator will have to input the information into the system along with the
list of registered voters. During the Election Day, an Election Unlocker verifies the
voters eligibility to vote and unlocks the voters account. Once the voter is in, he
can start to vote and submit his votes with results automatically added into the
system in real time.
2. Valxtopher Caro - System Developer, and Administrator
3. Jocel Sabellano - System Developer
According to the developers, the idea of creating a Web voting system
was inspired by the Philippine elections itself. But since a nationwide
development would be too broad, they narrowed it down within the university.
The components that make up the system is a MySQL database, the Internet
17
Information Services (IIS) for the Web server and Windows Server 20xx as the
Base Operating System. During the first launching of the system, there were two
databases, one in the Main Campus and one in the Technological Center but the
latest system only uses one database.
As with any released software, there were test runs in the back and front
end of the system. That is the server side and the client side. Testing is only
done before elections when there are new patches in the system. These tests
are conducted 2-3 weeks before the elections in which the COMELEC is also
involved with the basic functionality testing like network connectivity where most
of the problems are encountered.
Part of the researchers testing was conducted with a manual election

where university students were asked to cast their votes on test ballots with
random names for a test election. Table 1 shows the result of the sixty (60) test
ballots counted manually and the actual data from the test elections.
18
Table 1
Test Election Results
Test Ballots
Candidate
Name
President
Alegarbes
Alipio
Lee
Vice-President
Benatiro
Enad
Espina
Councilors
Ababon, B.
Ababon, C.
Abangan
Abella
Abellana
Abellanosa
Adlawan
Albero
Amahan
Austria
Bcasno
Bacus
Barba
Benjamin
Bihag
Cabading
Cabanday
Cabiso
Cabornay
Camado
Centino
Chua
Cortes
Cruz
Daitol
Dandan
Desquitado
Ducao
Duro
Figues
Francisco
System Results
Party
Votes (no.)
Votes (%)
Votes(no.)
Votes(%)
Voice
Fight
Inspire
15
24
21
25.00
40.00
35.00
15
24
21
25.00
40.00
35.00
Fight
Voice
Inspire
25
17
18
41.67
28.33
30.00
25
17
18
41.67
28.33
30.00
Voice
Fight
Fight
Voice
Inspire
Fight
Voice
Inspire
Fight
Voice
Inspire
Voice
Fight
Fight
Voice
Voice
Fight
Inspire
Voice
Fight
Fight
Inspire
fight
Fight
Inspire
Fight
Inspire
Voice
Fight
Inspire
Fight
23
21
20
20
24
20
26
19
31
17
20
22
29
26
23
16
21
25
26
13
24
20
25
18
19
17
22
13
23
16
14
38.33
35.00
33.33
33.33
40.00
33.33
43.33
31.67
51.67
28.33
33.33
36.67
48.33
43.33
38.33
26.67
35.00
41.67
43.33
21.67
40.00
33.33
41.67
30.00
31.67
28.33
36.67
21.67
38.33
26.67
23.33
23
21
20
20
24
20
26
19
31
17
20
22
29
26
23
16
21
25
26
13
24
20
25
18
19
17
22
13
23
16
14
38.33
35.00
33.33
33.33
40.00
33.33
43.33
31.67
51.67
28.33
33.33
36.67
48.33
43.33
38.33
26.67
35.00
41.67
43.33
21.67
40.00
33.33
41.67
30.00
31.67
28.33
36.67
21.67
38.33
26.67
23.33
19
Fuentes
Voice
18
Gabiana
Voice
26
Gadapan
Fight
19
Gonzaga, A.
Inspire
22
Gonzaga, V.
Voice
21
Ibon
Fight
19
Illut
Inspire
18
Isidro
Fight
25
Julia
Voice
20
Larrazabal
Inspire
18
Licardo
Fight
21
Lim, E.
Inspire
19
Lim, H.
Voice
25
Lopernes
Inspire
15
Lumba
Voice
18
Manginsay
Inspire
15
Mate
Voice
16
Melendres
Inspire
16
Mendoza
Voice
16
Monato
Voice
14
Montebon
Fight
20
Montecarlo
Voice
16
Mosqueda
Inspire
16
Napuli
Inspire
16
Ocariza
Inspire
20
Pajantoy
Fight
15
Perez
Inspire
23
Rizada
Inspire
20
Robinson
Fight
18
Satera
Voice
15
Sosas
Inspire
16
Varquez
Fight
31
Legend: Candidates in Red = Winners
Candidates in Green = Tie
30.00
43.33
31.67
36.67
35.00
31.67
30.00
41.67
33.33
30.00
35.00
31.67
41.67
25.00
30.00
25.00
26.67
26.67
26.67
23.33
33.33
26.67
26.67
26.67
33.33
25.00
38.33
33.33
30.00
25.00
26.67
51.67
18
26
19
22
21
19
18
25
20
18
21
19
25
15
18
15
16
16
16
14
20
16
16
16
20
15
23
20
18
15
16
31
30.00
43.33
31.67
36.67
35.00
31.67
30.00
41.67
33.33
30.00
35.00
31.67
41.67
25.00
30.00
25.00
26.67
26.67
26.67
23.33
33.33
26.67
26.67
26.67
33.33
25.00
38.33
33.33
30.00
25.00
26.67
51.67
The actual system data and the test ballots are 100% equal. This can be
exactly presented through a bar graph comparison.
20
Figure 2
Figure 3
21
Figure 4
The graph shows that the voting system results matched accurately with
the test ballot votes. Each vote was correctly recorded by the system. This
means that the system meets the data integrity and reliability criteria which
stipulates that the electronic vote count must coincide with the real vote count.
22
The table below shows the results of the software testing done to the
voting system. The results are also shown in a bar graph that follows the table.
Table 2
Software Testing Results
Module
No. of TCs
executed
No. of TCs
passed
No. of TCs
failed
Bug Density
(%)
Administrator
64
56
12.50
Election Unlocker
Voter
12
12
0.00
Total
84
76
9.52
Legend: TCs is shorthand for Test Cases. Bug density is the no. of TCs failed
(bugs) divided by the no. of TCs executed times 100 percent.
Software Testing Results

No. of Test Cases
100
80
60
40
20
0
Administrator
Election Unlocker
Voter
Total
Voting System Module

No. of TCs executed
No. of TCs passed
No. of TCs failed
Figure 5
The results revealed that the majority of the failed test cases can be found
in the Administrator module. This is understandable because the Administrator
module is the largest module of the three and, by extension, more test cases will
be designed and executed for the module.
23
The results also revealed that in the Election Unlocker, and Voter
modules, no test cases failed. This means that no bugs were detected on those
modules. This is because the system developers and COMELEC have tested
each module in the past years. Any bugs they had found were fixed so that it
wont show up in the voting system again.
It is important to note the low bug density (9.52%) of the system. The
lower the bug density, the more reliable the system is. This was expected
because of the testing that have been done before by the developers and
COMELEC. Most of the bugs have been found and fixed in the past.
The table below shows the Bug Severity Distribution of the voting system.
The results are also shown in a bar graph following the table.
Table 3
Bug Severity Distribution
Bug Severity
Administrator
Election
Unlocker
Critical
High
Medium
11.11
Low
77.78
Total
100
Voter
Total
Total (%)
24
Bug Severity Distribution

8
No. of Bugs
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Critical
High
Medium
Low
Bug Severity
Administrator
Election Unlocker
Voter
Total
Figure 6
From the results, it can be seen that there are no critical and high severity
bugs that is found in the voting system. Critical bugs cause a failure of the
complete system, or subsystem. High severity bugs does not cause a failure, but
causes the system to produce incorrect, incomplete, inconsistent results, or
impairs the system usability. In a web-based voting system, critical and high
severity bugs must not be present in the system to provide a smooth and reliable
experience to the user.
The data also revealed that majority of the bugs are of low severity, and
are found in the Administrator module. These are bugs are aesthetic, or a result
of non-conformance to a standard, and have minimum impact on system use.
More importantly, these bugs does not subvert the elections, and does not
interfere with the tallying and counting of votes, which is one of the most crucial
component of an electronic voting system. The bugs also show that the voting
system is not error-free but the good thing about this is that the developers are
25
now aware that these bugs exist, and that the bugs can now be fixed. These
results show that the voting system still passes the system integrity criterion
because the bugs found are not severe enough to subvert the election.
The table below shows the table structure of the Voter Account that can
be found in the database.
Table 4
Voter Account Table Structure in the Database
Voter_Account
voters_id
name
middle_name
family_name
course
yr_level
college
voting_status
account_status
unlocked_by
ballot_status
It can be seen from the table that only the necessary information regarding
the voter, such as his voter ID, full name, course, year level, and college, are
listed. Irrelevant voter information, such as phone number, and address is not
stored. Additional fields such as voting status, account status, unlocked by, and
ballot status are only there for monitoring the voter account. It tells the
administrators and the unlockers if the voter has already voted, or if the account
is now unlocked.
26
It is also important to note what fields are not included in the table. The
individual votes of the voter is not recorded in the database. This signifies that a
vote cannot be traced back to a voter, removing a possibility for coercion. This
also means that the system passes the voter anonymity and data confidentiality
criterion.
27
Chapter 3
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
It was the purpose of this study to determine how the University of San
Carlos (USC) Web-based Electronic Voting System was implemented in terms of
system integrity, data integrity & reliability, and voter anonymity & data
confidentiality. This study also aimed to determine if the system provides a
systematic and accurate election to the USC-SSC.
The researchers applied a software testing approach to determine if the
system met the criteria for a good voting system. The researchers also
distributed test ballots to tertiary students of the University of San Carlos
Technological Center in order to compare the manual outcome to the actual
outcome of the voting system. There were sixty (60) students who responded to
the test ballots.
In answer to the first sub-problem, the findings were:
System Integrity. In the Administrator module, eight (8) test cases failed
out of the sixty-four (64) executed, but seven (7) of those are low severity bugs.
In the Election Unlocker module, nothing failed out of the eight (8) test cases.
Lastly, in the Voter module, nothing failed out of the twelve (12) test cases.
Data Integrity and Reliability. The voting system results and the test ballot
votes from the sample population were 100% identical.
28
Voter Anonymity and Data Confidentiality. The system was determined to

store election votes anonymously wherein any election personnel cannot find out
the votes for each individual voter but only the overall tally for each candidate.
In answer to the second sub-problem, the results of the testing conducted
on the voting system establish that the system provides a systematic and
accurate election to the USC-SSC. No critical and high severity bugs were found
that can subvert the system, the voting system generates accurate vote tallies,
and a recorded vote cant be traced back to its voter.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings of the software testing conducted and the sample
population selected through non-probability sampling for the manual voting,
these conclusions can be formulated:
1. The USC Web Voting System is an effective voting system.
The system has been determined to pass on all of the three criteria to ensure a
good voting system. The system integrity criterion has been proven by only
finding medium and low severity bugs in the system, not critical and high severity
bugs, and the systems low bug density (9.52%). The lower the bug intensity, the
more reliable the system is. The 100% accuracy of the voting system results and
the test ballot votes proved the data integrity and reliability criterion. It stipulates
that the electronic vote must coincide with the real vote count. The voter
anonymity and data confidentiality criterion was also proven when either the
29
Administrator or Election Unlocker has no access to the votes cast by each

voters.
2. The USC Web Voting System is not an error-free voting system.
Even though effective, the USC Web Voting system is not error-free. The
Administrator module is the only module that contributed to the bug density of the
system, but the majority of the bugs are of low severity.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings and conclusions, these are the recommendations of

this study:
1. Web-based electronic voting systems should undergo software testing.
The immediate detection of bugs in the study proved that software
testing is a reliable means of examining a voting system.
2. Even though low, the bugs found on the system must not be neglected.
The developers and COMELEC should fix the bugs found, and continue
to perform software testing until an error-free system is achieved. Only
then can the voters have full confidence on the voting system.
3. Future researches on a related topic should include a wider range of
criteria in order to determine the effectiveness of a voting system. The
more criteria, the more the system could be tested and improved.
30
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arthur, C. 2014, May 12. Estonian e-voting shouldnt be used in European

elections, say security experts. The Guardian. [Internet] [cited December
2014].
Available
from:
http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/12/estonian-e-votingsecurity-warning-european-elections-research
Balzarotti, et al. 2010. An Experience in Testing the Security of Real-World
Electronic Voting Systems. [Internet] [cited December 2014].
Dunlop, T. 2008. Online Voting: Reducing Voter Impediments [Internet] [cited
December 2014].
International Foundation for Electoral Systems. 2012. International Experience
with
E-Voting.
[Internet]
[cited
December
2014].
Available from:
https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/krd/prosjekter/evalg/evaluering/topic6_assessment.pdf
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. 2011. Introduces
principles and overall goals for the implementation of e-voting. [Internet]
[cited December 2014]. Available from: https://www.terena.org/activities/tfcsirt/meeting7/gritzalis-electronic-voting.pdf
Internet Policy Institute, Report of the National Workshop on Internet Voting, USA,
March 2001.
Network Voting System Standards. 2002. VoteHere Inc. Public Draft 2.
31
Oravec, JA. 2005. Preventing E-Voting Hazards: The Role of Information

Professionals in Securing the Promise of Electronic Democracy [Internet]
[cited December 2014].
Peter N. 1993. Some basic criteria for confidentiality, integrity, availability, and
assurance for
computer systems in electronic voting. [Internet] [cited
2014
Dec].
Available
from:
http://www.csl.sri.com/users/neumann/ncs93.html
Reyes O. 2010. How UP Diliman Implemented Its Own Automated Voting System.
[Internet]
[cited
February
18
2010].
Available
from:
https://lawinnovations.wordpress.com/2010/02/18/halalandiliman/
Reyes, MA. 2013, September 25. World leader in E-voting. Philstar. [Internet]
[cited
December
2014].
Available
from:
http://www.philstar.com/business/2013/09/25/1237748/world-leader-evoting
Riera A, Brown P. 2003. Bringing confidence to electronic voting. Electronic
Journal of e-Government [Internet] [cited February 18 2010]; 1(1):14-21.
Available from: http://www.ejeg.com/issue/download.html?idArticle=214
Sungkyunkwan University. The 9th International Common Criteria Conference.
[Intenet]
[cited
December
2014].
Available
from:
https://www.commoncriteriaportal.org/iccc/9iccc/pdf/B2303.pdf
US Dept. of Defense, Voting Over the Internet Pilot Project Assessment Report,
DoD Washington Headquarters Services Federal Voting Assistance
Program, USA, June 2001.
32
APPENDIX A-1
Transmittal Letter
January 16, 2015
USC - Commission on Elections

University of San Carlos - Downtown Campus
P. Del Rosario St., Cebu City, 6000
To whom it may concern:
May this letter find you in peace and in good health.

As a major requirement for our Technical Writing course, English 23, we, 4th year Computer
Engineering students of the University of San Carlos, in accordance with our field of study, have
chosen to conduct research on the USC Web Voting System.
In this regard, we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us access of the
voting system as it plays a very crucial role to accomplish our study.
Attached is the Rationale and Statement of the Problem of our study. Your favorable response
regarding this request will be highly appreciated. Thank you.
Respectfully yours,
MARK F. SAREN
Research Coordinator
Noted:
MRS. TOMASITA L. LABORTE

Research Adviser
Approved:______________________________
USC COMELEC
33
APPENDIX A-2
University of San Carlos

College of Engineering
TEST BALLOT
We are fourth year students of the University of San Carlos who are conducting a study
entitled: USC Web-based electronic voting system. In our study, we are to test the voting system
used in administering the elections to find out if the results it produces are accurate. In this regard,
may we request you to fill up the following ballot for the researchers to have votes that will be
used during the test election. Please fill up the ballot according to the instructions presented in
each part of the ballot.
Rest assured that the ballots obtained will be confidential and will be used for academic
purposes only.
Your cooperation will be highly appreciated.
Researchers:
Abaquita, Earl John
Berdin, Carla
Galido, Ralph Christopher
Lucero, Kristian
Saren, Mark
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34
APPENDIX B -1
Test Ballot
Note: This is not an official ballot of the SSC Elections

Instruction: Put a check mark on the checkbox beside the candidate you want to
vote. If you want to change your vote, put an X mark on the checkbox and put a
check mark on another candidate.
President (choose only one candidate)
Alegarbes, Marc Lourenze (VOICE)
Alipio, Christine (FIGHT)
Lee, Jasper ( INSPIRE)
Vice President (choose only one candidate)
Benatiro, Denver John (FIGHT)
Enad, Evangeline (VOICE)
Espina, Mariah Jessa (INSPIRE)
Councilors (choose up to 21 candidates only)
Ababon, Bobby
Michael(VOICE)
Ababon, Caryl Mae(FIGHT)
Abangan, Elean(FIGHT)
Abella, Philip(VOICE)
Abellana, Francis(INSPIRE)
Abellanosa, Rebecca(FIGHT)
Adlawan, Venci (VOICE)
Albero, Dione (INSPIRE)
Amahan, Aldrianne (FIGHT)
Austria, Bernadette (VOICE)
Bacasno, Rica (INSPIRE)
Bacus, Maristella (VOICE)
Barba, Aileen(FIGHT)
Benjamin, Jay(FIGHT)
Bihag, Dycah Aldrianne

(VOICE)
Cabading, Carylle (VOICE)
Cabanday, Ann Nicole(FIGHT)
Cabiso, Neil (INSPIRE)

Cabornay, Dwight (VOICE)
Camado, Trixie May(FIGHT)
Centino, Farah(FIGHT)
Gabiana, Joseph Franz

(VOICE)
Gadapan, Francis (FIGHT)
Gonzaga, Arianne (INSPIRE)
Gonzaga, Valerie (VOICE)
Ibon, Marc Mikhael (FIGHT)
Illut, Keane Paolo (INSPIRE)
Isidro, Lester Mark (FIGHT)
Julia, Jude (VOICE)
Larrazabal, Mary Ann
(INSPIRE)
LIcardo, Hazel Rose (FIGHT)
Lim, Emma (INSPIRE)
Lim, Harvey (VOICE)
Lopernes, Maverick (INSPIRE)
Lumba, Carl Kevin (VOICE)
Manginsay, Sharleene
(INSPIRE)
Mate, Patrick (VOICE)
Melendres, Sapphire
(INSPIRE)
Mendoza, Clint (VOICE)
Monato, Anthony Cleo (VOICE)
35
Chua, Aerielle (INSPIRE)

Cortes, Miguel (VOICE)
Cruz, Loreen(FIGHT)
Daitol, Joseph Marie (INSPIRE)
Dandan, Kimberly(FIGHT)
Desquitado, Jhoannes
(INSPIRE)
Ducao, Patrick Joseph (VOICE)
Duro, Christian (FIGHT)
Figues, Vern Alan (INSPIRE)
Francisco, Melissa (FIGHT)
Fuentes, Grace (VOICE)
Montebon, Marie (FIGHT)

Montecalvo, Tatreena (VOICE)
Mosqueda, Miranette May
(INSPIRE)
Napuli, Jade (INSPIRE)
Ocariza, Ulysses (INSPIRE)
Pajantoy, John Nnyam (FIGHT)
Perez, John Earl (INSPIRE)
Rizada, Devon(INSPIRE)
Robinson, Emmanuel (FIGHT)
Satera, Glenn (VOICE)
Sosas, Marc Julius (INSPIRE)
Varquez, Lucio (FIGHT)
36
APPENDIX B-2
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
Directed to USC SSC COMELEC Chairperson

Name:
Course:
Organization:
What process does the COMELEC undergo in an election?

How long have you been using the web-based voting system?
Who are the developers of the system?
Who are the administrators of the system?
Do you do your own testing of the voting system?
What kind of problems have you experienced/encountered with the system?
Directed to the System Developers

Name:
Course:
Role:
Where did the idea of developing an electronic voting system come from?
What servers are you using for your system?
What is the process of your test runs? What are you testing for?
Is the COMELEC involved in testing the system? If so, in what regard?
What kind of problems have you experienced/encountered initially in launching
the system?
37
APPENDIX B-3
TEST CASES
ADMINISTRATOR MODULE
Test
Submod Functionality
Case ID
ule
Being Tested
TC_A_01 Login
Invalid
Administrator
login to the
voting system
Precondition
Steps
1. Input an invalid
account username
1. At the log-in
page, waiting 2. Input an invalid
for input
account password
Test
Data
Expected Result
administr
ator
admin123 Failure to log-in
4
Actual Result
Status
An error message
"Invalid Username or
Password" is
displayed
Pass
An error message
"Invalid Username or
Password" is
displayed
Pass
2. Click "Login" button
TC_A_02 Login
1. At the log-in
page, waiting
for input
1. Input account
username
admin
2. Input account
password
administr Failure to log-in

ator1
TC_A_03 Login
Administrator
login to the
voting system
1. Input account
username
1. At the log-in
page, waiting 2. Input account
for input
password
software_
testing12
3
Administrator account
findthebu
logged-in successfully
gs
Pass
logged-in sucessfully
38
TC_A_04 Login
1. Another
user is
Administrator
currently using
account already
the same
logged-in
Administrator
account
Admin
1. Logged-in
Ability to view
TC_A_05 Homepa
to Admin
all current users
ge
Homepage
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
the "Add New
Add New Functional
TC_A_06
User" window
User
"Add" button
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New Functional
the "Add New
TC_A_07
User
"Reset" button User" window
3. Any values
are inputted to
the all fields
Add New Functional

TC_A_08
User
"Close" button
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
the "Add New
User" window
1. Input account
username
2. Input account
password
software_
testing12
3
findthebu User logs in as
Administrator
gs
Pass
logged-in

1. Click on "Home"
found on the menu bar
1. Click "Add" button
User should be directed User is directed to a

to a page that shows all page that shows all
users in the system
users in the system
Pass
Acount should be
successfully added
Account Added
Sucessfully
Pass
All fields should be

blank
Account Added to
Database
The Add New User

window should be
closed, and the user
should be redirected
back to the Admin
homepage
User is redirected to
Admin homepage
and Add new user
window is closed
testdata
1. Click "Reset" button
1. Click "Close" button
Fail
Pass
39
1. Select create New

User
Create another 1. Logged-in
Add New
TC_A_09
administrator
to the Admin
User
account
Homepage
2. Input New User data
1. Logged-in
to the Admin
Homepage
Admin account
Successfully created an
created and data is
admin account
added to Database
Pass
test_unlo
Unlocker account
cker
Successfully created an
created and data is
password unlocker account
added to Database
20
Pass
3. Indicate as Admin
account
4. Click create for data
to be stored in DB
1. Select create New
User
2. Input Student ID
Create an
unlocker
Add New
TC_A_10
account using
User
an admin
account
<valid
user
data>
3. Input Username
4. Input Password
1234566
5. Indicate as Unlocker
account
4. Click create for data
to be stored in DB
1. Do not input a
Student ID
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Form validation the "Add New
Add New
TC_A_11
for Student ID User" window
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
Error message should

display that Student ID
should be filled up
An error message
popped up with a
message "Please
complete all
information"
Pass
40
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_12
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_13
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
the "Add New
Add New Form validation
TC_A_14
User" window
User
for 'Name' field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
Add New Form validation as Admin
TC_A_15
User
for 'Name' field 2. User is on
the "Add New
1. Input Student ID
consisting of alphabets
& special characters
abc123!
@#
display that says
Student ID is invalid
1. Input a Student ID
that is more than 20
characters long
12345678
90123456
78901234
567890
display that says
Student ID is too long
Data Added to
Database
Fail
User is added to
database. Only the
first 20 characters are
displayed
Fail
1. Do not input a Name
maria
1. Input a Name that is
leonora
more than 20 characters
teresa
long
crispin
An error message
popped up with a
display that says Name message "Please
should be filled up
complete all
information"

Data Added to
display that says Name
Database
is invalid
Pass
Fail
41
User" window
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
basilio
sisa
bartolome
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
the "Add New
Add New Form validation
TC_A_16
User" window
User
for 'Name' field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Input special
maria123!
characters in the Family
@#
Name field
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_17
for 'Family
User" window
User
Name' field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
Form validation 2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_18
for 'Family
the "Add New
User
Name' field
User" window
3. All values
inputted to the
1. Do not input a Family

Name
An error message
popped up with a
display that says Family
message "Please
Name should be filled
complete all
up
information"
1. Input a Family Name

characters long

display that says Name Data Added to
can only contain
Database
alphabetic characters
abaquita
saren
berdin
lucero
galido
Data Added to
Database
display that says max
length for Family Name
is 20 characters
Fail
Pass
Fail
42
other fields are

valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_19
for 'Family
User" window
User
Name' field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Input special
familyNa
me#$
Name field
Data Added to
Database
Name can only contain
Fail
1. Logged-in
1. Do not click on "Male"
as Admin
or "Female" radio button
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_20
for 'Gender'
User" window
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid

display that all
information should be
filled up
An error message
popped up with a
message "Please
complete all
information"
Pass
1. Logged-in
1. Do not input a
as Admin
Username
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_21
for 'Username' User" window
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
An error message
stating that the
Username field should
be minimum of 5
characters should be
displayed
An error message
popped up with a
message "Please
complete all
information"
Pass
43
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_22
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_23
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_24
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Input a Username
that is less than 5
characters
1. Logged-in
Form validation
Add New
as Admin
TC_A_25
for 'Password'
User
2. User is on
field
the "Add New
1. Input any Password
1. Input a Username
that has special
characters
test
An error message
stating that the
be minimum of 5
displayed
A success message
should be displayed.
testd@t@
User should be added
to the database
An error message
popped up with a
message
"Username's
character must be
minimum of 5"
Pass
Data Added to
Database
Pass
1. Input a Username
characters long
softwaret
estingtest
An error message
1test2
stating that the
be at most 30
characters long should
be displayed
testing12
Characters should be
3
displayed as asterisks
(*)
Data Added to
Database
Pass
Characters displayed
are asterisks(*)
Pass
44
User" window
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_26
for 'Password' User" window
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_27
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_28
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Do not input a
Password
1. Input a Password that

test
is less than 5 characters
An error message
stating that the
Password field should
be minimum of 5
displayed
An error message
popped up with a
message
"Password's
character must be
minimum of 5"
Pass
An error message
stating that the
Password field should
be minimum of 5
displayed
An error message
popped up with a
message
"Password's
character must be
minimum of 5"
Pass
1. Input a Password that

test!@#
has special characters
Data Added to
Database
The user should be
added to the system
Pass
45
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_29
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
TC_A_30
Form validation
Add New
for 'Confirm
User
Password' field
Form validation
Add New
TC_A_31
for 'Confirm
User
Password' field
TC_A_32
Form validation
Add New
for 'Confirm
User
Password' field
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
the "Add New
User" window
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
the "Add New
User" window
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
1. Input a Password that softwaret

is more than 35
estingtest
characters long
ing12345
Data Added to
Database
The user should be
added to the system
Pass
1. Input any Confirm

Password
testing12
3
Characters should be
displayed as asterisks
(*)
Characters displayed
are asterisks(*)
Pass
An error message
should be displayed
An error message is
displayed with a
message "Passwords
do not match"
Pass
An error message is
displayed with a
message
Pass
1. Do not input a
Confirm Password
1. Input a Confirm
testign45 An error message
Password that does not
6
should be displayed
match the Password
46
the "Add New

User" window
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_33
for 'Confirm
User" window
User
Password' field 3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Add New
TC_A_34
for 'User's Role' User" window
User
field
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
TC_A_35
Update
User
1. Logged-in
Functional link as Admin
to 'Update User' 2. User is on
window
the Admin
homepage
"Password's
character must be
minimum of 5"
1. Input a Password that testing12

matches the Password 3
1. Do not click on
"Administrator",
"Election Head" or
"Election Unlocker"
radio button
1. Click on the a user's

Student ID
Adding of user should

be successful
Data Added to
Database
Pass
An error message
An error message
popped up with a
should be displayed that
message "Please
says all information
complete all
should be filled up
information"
Pass
Update User' window

should pop-up. User's
data should be
displayed, and only the
fields 'Name', 'Family
Pass
Update User; window

popped-up.
47
Name', 'Gender', 'User's

Role', 'Account Status',
'Login Status' should be
editable.
TC_A_36
TC_A_37
Update
User
Update
User
Update
TC_A_38
User
TC_A_39
Update
User
Update 'Name'
field
Update Form
validation for
'Name' field
Update Form
validation for
'Name' field
Update Form
validation for
'Name' field
1. User is on
the "Update
User" window
2. All other
fields are not
changed
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
the "Update
User" window
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
the "Update
User" window
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
the "Update
User" window
1. Change user's Name

2. Click on "Update"
button
<updated
name>
Name should be
Data updated
updated, other fields
sucessfully
should remain the same
Pass
1. Do not input a Name
An error message
popped up with a
display that says Name message "Please
should be filled up
complete all
information"
maria
leonora
1. Input a Name that is teresa
more than 20 characters crispin
long
basilio
sisa
is invalid
bartolome
Pass
Error message
should display that
says Name is too
long
Pass
Error message is
displayed that says
Name can only
contain alphabetic
characters
Pass

1. Input special
maria123! Error message should
@#
Name field
can only contain
48
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
TC_A_40
TC_A_41
TC_A_42
TC_A_43
Update
User
Update
User
Update
User
Update
User
Update 'Family
Name' field
Update Form
validation for
'Family Name'
field
Update Form
validation for
'Family Name'
field
Update Form
validation for
1. User is on
the "Update
User" window
2. All other
fields are not
changed
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
the "Update
User" window
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
the "Update
User" window
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
<updated
1. Change user's Family
family
Name
Family Name should be
name>
Data updated
sucessfully
button
Pass
1. Do not input a Family

Name
1. Input a Family Name

characters long
abaquita
saren
berdin
lucero
galido

1. Input special
familyNa
me#$
Name field
An error message
popped up with a
message "Please
Name should be filled
complete all
up
information"
Pass
Error message is
displayed that says
display that says max
max length for Family
length for Family Name
Name is 20
is 20 characters
characters
Pass
Error message is
displayed that says
Family Name can
Pass
49
'Family Name'
field
TC_A_44
TC_A_45
TC_A_46
TC_A_47
Update
User
Update
User
Update
User
Update
User
the "Update
User" window
3. All values
inputted to the
other fields are
valid
1. User is on
the "Update
Update
User" window
'Gender' field
2. All other
fields are not
changed
1. User is on
the "Update
Update 'Users
User" window
Role' to
2. All other
Administrator
fields are not
changed
1. User is on
the "Update
Update 'Users
User" window
Role' to Election
2. All other
Unlocker
fields are not
changed
1. User is on
the "Update
User" window
Disable a user's
2. All other
account
fields are not
changed
3. User's
1. Change user's
Gender by clicking
another radio button
button
1. Change User's Role
by clicking on
Administrator
button
1. Change User's Role
by clicking on Election
Unlocker
button
Name can only contain

only contain
Gender should be
Data updated
sucessfully
Pass
User's Role should be

updated
The user should now
log in as an
Administrator
Data updated
sucessfully
Pass
User's Role should be

updated
The user should now
log in as an Election
Unlocker
Data updated
sucessfully
Pass
The disabled user

should not be able to
log in to his account
Account is
sucessfully disabled
Pass
1. Click on "Disable"
option
button
50
TC_A_48
TC_A_49
TC_A_50
Update
User
Update
User
Update
User
account is
currently
enabled
1. User is on
the "Update
User" window
2. All other
Enable a user's fields are not
account
changed
3. User's
account is
currently
disabled
1. User is on
the "Update
User" window
2. All other
Update Login
fields are not
Status to "Not
changed
Logged-out"
3. User's
account is
currently
logged-out
1. User is on
the "Update
User" window
2. All other
Update Login
fields are not
Status to
changed
"Logged-out"
3. User's
account is
currently not
logged-out
1. Click on "Enable"
option
button
The enabled user

should now be able to
Account is
sucessfully enabled
Pass
The updated user

should not be able to
User cannot log in to

his account
Pass
The updated user

should now be able to
User can log in to his

account
Pass
1. Click on "Not Loggedout" option
button
1. Click on "Log-out"
option
button
51
Selected account
should be deleted from
Account was
DB
successfully deleted
The deleted user should
from database
not be able to log in to
his account
Pass
1. Click on "Application
Control" found on the
menu bar
User should be
redirected to the
"Application Control"
webpage
User is redirected to
the Applications
Control page
Pass
1. Click on "Start Now"

button
Elections should start.

Unlocked voters are
Unlocked voters should able to log-in
be able to log in
sucessfully
Pass
1. Click on "Stop Now"

button
Elections should stop.

Voters should not be
able to log in to the
system
Pass
1. Click on "Logout"
menu on the menu bar
User should be loggedUser is redirected

out. It should be
back to the login
indicated in the
page
database. User should
1. Select a user account

TC_A_51
Delete
User
Delete a user's
account
1.Logged-in to
2. Click on "Delete
Admin
Profile" button
Homepage
Functional Link
Applicati
to "Application 1. Logged-in
TC_A_52 on
Control"
as Admin
Control
webpage
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Applicati
"Application
TC_A_53 on
Start Elections Control"
Control
webpage
3. Elections
are not yet
started
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. User is on
Applicati
"Application
TC_A_54 on
Stop Elections Control"
Control
webpage
3. Elections
are not yet
started
TC_A_55 Logout
Log out as
Admin
1. User is on
Admin
homepage
Voters are'nt able to

log in to the system
Pass
52
be redirected to login
page.
1. Logged-in
Number of
as Admin
Election students who
TC_A_56
2. Test
Results voted (Students'
Elections is
Percentage)
finished
1. Logged-in
Total number of as Admin
Election
TC_A_57
votes per
2. Test
Results
college
Elections is
finished
Total number of
votes per
Election
TC_A_58
candidate
Results
sorted per
college
Presidential
Election
TC_A_59
Votes, and
Results
percentages
Vice
Election Presidential
TC_A_60
Results Votes, and
percentages
TC_A_61
Election
Results
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. Test
Elections is
finished
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. Test
Elections is
finished
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. Test
Elections is
finished
1. Logged-in
as Admin
1. Click on "Reports
Poll" found on menu
2. Click on "Student's
Percentage" submenu
Poll" found on menu
2. Click on "By College"
submenu
Poll" found on menu
2. Click on "Candidates
by College" submenu
Poll" found on menu
2. Click on "President"
submenu
Poll" found on menu
2. Click on "VicePresident" submenu
Poll" found on menu
System should generate The correct student

accurate Student's
percentage is
Percentage
displayed
Pass
System should generate

accurate total no. of
students, no. of
students who voted,
and no. of students who
hasn't voted
The corrcet total no.

of students, no. of
students who voted,
and no. of students
who hasn't voted is
displayed
Pass

accurate total no. of
votes per candidate
sorted per college
The total no. of votes

per candidate sorted
per college is not
displayed
Fail
The correct
presidential votes,
accurate presidential
and percentages is
votes, and percentages
displayed
Pass

accurate vice
presidential votes, and
percentages
Pass
The correct vice

presidential votes,
and percentages is
displayed
System should generate The correct votes for

accurate votes for
councilors, and
Pass
53
Votes for
2. Test
Councilors, and Elections is
percentages
finished
TC_A_62
Election Votes for all

Results candidates
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. Test
Elections is
finished
Declare
Election
Election
TC_A_63
Winners while
Results
the election is
still running
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. Test
Elections has
not yet ended
Declare
Election
TC_A_64
Election
Results
Winners
1. Logged-in
as Admin
2. Test
Elections is
finished
2. Click on "Councilors"
submenu
Poll" found on menu
2. Click on "View All
Candidates" submenu
Poll" found on menu
2. Click on "Declare
Winners"
Poll" found on menu
2. Click on "Declare
Winners"
councilors, and
percentages
percentages is
displayed
System should generate The correct votes for

accurate votes for all
all candidates is
candidates
displayed
Pass
A warning message
is displayed saying
System should display a
"Please stop election
warning message that
status in order to
says that the election
declare winners.
must be ended before
Make sure the
declaring winners
election has alreay
ended."
Pass
System should generate Accurate election

accurate election results results is generated
Pass
54
ELECTION UNLOCKER MODULE

Test Case Submod
ID
ule
TC_EU_01 Login
Functionality
Being Tested
Successful
unlocker
account login to
the voting
system
Precondition
1. A valid
unlocker
account to
login 2. At
Login Page
Steps
1. In the login panel,
enter the username in
the username field
Test Data
<a valid
username>
2. Enter the password in <a valid

the password field
password>
Expected Result
The user is logged in

successfully to the
system. User is
taken to Unlocker
Home Page
Actual Result
Status

successfully to the
system. User is
Pass
taken to Unlocker
Home Page
Unsuccessful
unlocker login
1. A valid
unlocker
username
TC_EU_03 Login
Unsuccessful
unlocker login
1. A valid
unlocker
password
TC_EU_04 Login
1. Another
user is
Unlocker
currently
account already using the
logged-in
Election
Unlocker
account
TC_EU_02 Login

the username field
2. Enter the password in
the password field
the username field
<a valid
username>
<an invalid
password>
<an invalid
username>
2. Enter the password in <an invalid

the password field
password>
1. Input account
username
2. Input account
password
Error message
Error message is
should be displayed. displayed.
Pass
Error message
Error message is
Pass
Error message
Error message is
Pass
55
1. Input ID No. of
<a valid ID
student and press enter number>
TC_EU_05
Unlock
Voter
Unlock
TC_EU_06
Voter
Unlock
TC_EU_07
Voter
TC_EU_08
Unlock
Voter
Unlock an
eligible voter
Unlock a voter
with invalid ID
number
Unlock an
eligible voter
with invalid
security code
1. Logged in
with a valid
Election
2. Enter security code to <a valid
Unlocker
security
Account 2. At unlock voter
code>
Unlocker
Home Page
3. Click "Unlock" button
1. Logged in
with a valid
Election
1. Input ID No. of
<an invalid
Unlocker
student and press enter ID number>
Account 2. At
Unlocker
Home Page
1. Input ID No. of
<a valid ID
student and press enter
number>
<an invalid
2. Enter security code to
security
unlock voter
code>
1. Logged in
with a valid
Election
Unlocker
Account 2. At
Unlocker
Home Page 3. Click "Unlock" button
1. Logged in
<a valid ID
Checking of a
with a valid
number>
1. Input ID No. of
voter's account Election
student and press enter
status
Unlocker
Account 2. At
Voter's account
status is seen, and
must be "Locked"
Voter's account
status is seen, and
must be "Locked"
Pass
Display that the ID

number was
successfully
unlocked
Display "ID number

was Successfully
Unlocked"
Prompt user to
Prompt user to
search a student
search a student with
with a valid ID
a valid ID number
number
Voter's account
status is seen, and
must be "Locked"
Pass
Voter's account
status is seen, and
must be "Locked"
Pass
Display "incorrect
code". Prompt user
to enter correct
security code
Display "incorrect
code". Prompt user
to enter correct
security code
Display voter's
account status
Display voter's
account status
Pass
56
Unlocker
Home Page
VOTER MODULE
Test
Case #
Functionality Being
Tested
Precondition
Successful voter login

to the voting system
TC_V_01
with an unlocked
account
1. An unlocked
voter account to
login
Unsuccessful voter
login when a locked
TC_V_02
voter tries to login to
the voting system
1. A valid voter
account to login
Voter can only vote on 1. Voter is on the

TC_V_03
one president
ballot page
TC_V_04
Voter can only vote on 1. Voter is on the

one vice president
ballot page
Steps
1. In the login
panel, enter the
username in the
username field
2. Click "Login"
button
1. In the login
panel, enter the
username in the
username field
2. Click "Login"
button
1. Click on one
candidate for
President
2. Click on
another
candidate for
President
1. Click on one
candidate for
Vice President
Test Data
Expected Result
Actual Result
Status
<a valid
username>
succesfully, and user is succesfully, and user is Pass
led to the ballot page
led to the ballot page
<a valid
An error message is
username> displayed and the user
is not logged in to the
voting system
An error message is
displayed and the user
is not logged in to the
voting system
Pass
The second
Presidential Candidate
selected will be
highlighted
An error message is
displayed prompting
user to deselect
previous selection
Pass
The second Vice

Presidential candidate
An error message is
displayed prompting
Pass
57
2. Click on
another
candidate for
Vice President
TC_V_05
TC_V_06
Voter can vote on 21

councilors
Voter can vote on less

than 21 councilors
1. Voter is on the
ballot page
2. Voter has
selected one
president, and one
Vice President
1. Voter is on the
ballot page
2. Voter has
selected one
president, and one
Vice President
1. Voter is on the
ballot page
Voter can abstain from 2. Voter has
TC_V_07
voting on councilors
selected one
president, and one
Vice President
Voter cannot vote on

TC_V_08 more than 21
councilors
1. Select 21
councilors
selected will be
highlighted
Voter is led to a page

that shows the
summary of his votes

that shows the
Pass

that shows the
Pass

that shows the

that shows the
Pass
An error message is
displayed stating that a
voter can only vote on
up to 21 councilors
An error message is
displayed prompting
user to deselect
previous selections
Pass
2. Click on "Vote
Now" button
1. Select 12
councilors

that shows the
2. Click on "Vote
Now" button
1. Do not select
any Councilors
2. Click on "Vote
Now" button
1. Select 25
councilors
1. Voter is on the
ballot page
2. Voter has
selected one
2. Click on "Vote
president, and one Now" button
Vice President
user to deselect
previous selection
58
1. Voter is logged
in to the system
2. Voter has, at
Voter can change his
least, selected one
TC_V_09 choices before
president, and one
submitting his votes
Vice President
3. Voter is on the
summary of votes
page
1. Voter is logged
in to the system
2. Voter has, at
least, selected one
Voter's account will be
president, and one
locked when he
Vice President
doesn't log into his
TC_V_10
3. Voter is on the
account within five (5)
summary of votes
minutes of unlocking
page
his account
4. Voter's is on the
voting module for
more than 5
minutes
1. Voter is logged
in to the system
2. Voter has, at
least, selected one
Voter's account will not
president, and one
be locked when he
Vice President
TC_V_11 logs in before five (5)
3. Voter is on the
minutes of unlocking
summary of votes
his account
page
4. Voter's is on the
voting module for
less than 5 minutes
1. Click on "Go
Back" button
The voter is led to the

ballot page again
The voter is led to the

ballot page again
Pass
1. Click on
"Submit Vote"
button
An error message will

show stating that the
voter's did not log in
within 5 minutes after
unlocking his account.
Must unlock his
account again
An error message is
shown stating that the
voter's did not log in
within 5 minutes after
unlocking his account.
User must unlock his
account again
Pass
1. Click on
"Submit Vote"
button
The voter's vote will be The voter's vote will be

Pass
counted to the vote tally counted to the vote tally
59
1. Voter has
already clicked the
A voter can only submit
TC_V_12
"Submit Vote"
votes once
button. 2. Votes
were accepted
1. Go back to
login page
2. Login with the
same account
previously
<a
username
who has
already
voted>
Error. A message that

the voter has already
voted will be displayed
Error messaged is
displayed saying that
account has already
voted
Pass
60
APPENDIX B-4
BUG TRACKING
Bug
ID
Test
Case #
Bug Name
Area Path
Nonfunctional
B_01 TC_A_07 'Add New
User' Reset
button
Admin
Homepage > Add New
User
Alphabetic &
Special
B_02 TC_A_12 Characters in
Student ID
field
Admin
Homepage > Add New
User ->
Student ID
field
Too long
B_03 TC_A_13 Student ID
input
Admin
Homepage > Add New
User ->
Student ID
field
Reported
Severity On
Environment Description
Low
Low
Low
When the Reset

OS:
button is pressed, if
Windows 8 there are data in the
Browser:
input fields, those
2/6/2015
Google
data are not
Chrome
cleared. It acts as
Version 42.0 an "Add" button
instead
Steps To
Reproduce
1. Click "Add
New User"
2. Input any
value to any
input field
3. Click
"Reset"
button
1. Click "Add
New User"
OS:
2. Input a
Windows 8 Student ID field
Student ID
Browser:
accepts alphabets that contains
2/6/2015
Google
& special
alphabets &
Chrome
characters
special
Version 42.0
characters.
3. Click "Add"
button
1. Click "Add
OS:
New User"
Windows 8 Student ID field
2. Input a
Browser:
accepts input that is Student ID
2/6/2015
Google
more than 20
that is more
Chrome
characters long
than 20
Version 42.0
characters
long
Expected
Result
Reason
The fields
with values
should be
cleared
Reset
functionality
not added.
'Add'
functionality
was added to
the button
instead
Error
message
should
display that
says Student
ID is invalid
No alphabetic
& special
characters
form
validation for
Student ID
Error
message
should
display that
says Student
ID is invalid
No max
length form
validation for
Student ID
61
Too long
B_04 TC_A_15
Name input
Admin
Homepage > Add New
User ->
Name field
Admin
Numeric &
Homepage Special
B_05 TC_A_16
> Add New
Characters in
User ->
Name field
Name field
Low
Low
Admin
Homepage Too long
> Add New
B_06 TC_A_18 Family Name
User ->
input
Family Name
field
Low
Numeric &
Admin
B_07 TC_A_19 Special
Homepage Characters in > Add New
Low
3. Click "Add"
button
1. Click "Add
New User"
OS:
2. Input a
Windows 8 Name field accepts
Name that is
Browser:
input that is more
2/6/2015
more than 20
Google
than 20 characters
characters
Chrome
long
long
Version 42.0
3. Click "Add"
button
1. Click "Add
New User"
OS:
2. Input a
Windows 8
Name that
Name field accepts
Browser:
contains
2/6/2015
numeric & special
Google
numeric &
characters
Chrome
special
Version 42.0
characters
3. Click "Add"
button
1. Click "Add
New User"
OS:
2. Input a
Windows 8 Family Name field Family Name
Browser:
accepts input that is that is more
2/6/2015
Google
more than 20
than 20
Chrome
characters long
characters
Version 42.0
long
3. Click "Add"
button
OS:
Family Name field 1. Click "Add
2/6/2015 Windows 8 accepts numeric & New User"
Browser:
special characters 2. Input a
Error
message
should
display that
says max
length for
Name is 20
characters
No max
length form
validation for
Name field
Error
message
should
display that
says Name
should only
contain
alphabetic
characters
No numeric &
special
characters
form
validation for
Name field
Error
message
should
display that
says max
length for
Family Name
is 20
characters
No max
length form
validation for
Family Name
field
Error
message
should
No numeric &
special
characters
62
Family Name User ->

field
Family Name
field
Candidates
by College
not showing
the no. of
B_08 TC_A_58
votes per
candidate
sorted per
college
Google
Chrome
Version 42.0
Candidates by
college does not
show the no. of
voters per
candidate sorted
Admin
OS:
per college. The
Homepage->
Windows 8 table is there
Reports Poll
Browser:
complete with the
Medium 2/9/2015
->
Google
rows such as
Candidates
Chrome
Candidate Name,
by college
Version 42.0 Position, Party,
College, and the
different Colleges,
as well as theTotal,
but there are no
values in the table
Family Name
that contains
numeric &
special
characters
3. Click "Add"
button
display that
says Family
Name should
only contain
alphabetic
characters
The total
number of
1. Click on
votes per
"Reports Poll"
candidate
2. Click on
sorted per
"Candidates
college
by college"
should be
submenu
displayed in
the table
form
validation for
Family Name
field
The
functionality is
not yet added.
63
APPENDIX C
LIST OF RESPONDENTS
INTERVIEW
Danica Fernandez USC SSC Comelec Chairperson
Valxtopher Caro System Developer
Jocel Sabellano System Developer
TEST ELECTIONS
Among the sixty (60) respondents:
Department of Computer Engineering 40
Department of Psychology 5
Department of Industrial Engineering 10
Department of Civil Engineering 5
64

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UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS

WEB-BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING SYSTEM

March 11, 2015

UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Rationale of the Study-------------------------------------------------

Review of Related Literature----------------------------------------

Statement of the Problem---------------------------------------------

Significance of the Study----------------------------------------------

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND

Test Election Results----------------------------------------------------

Software Testing Results----------------------------------------------

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

B. Interview Questions/Test Ballot/Software Testing---------------------

Test Election Results --------------------------------------------------------

Software Testing Results --------------------------------------------------

Bug Severity Distribution ---------------------------------------------------

Voter Account Table Structure in the Database ----------------------

Schematic Diagram of the Study -----------------------------------------

Presidential Result -----------------------------------------------------------

Vice-Presidential Result ----------------------------------------------------

Result for Councilors --------------------------------------------------------

Software Testing Results --------------------------------------------------

Bug Severity Distribution ---------------------------------------------------

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Rationale of the Study

Review of Related Literature

This includes eligibility and authentication, uniqueness, accuracy,

Security testing is generally an overlooked and underappreciated part of

society, makes public perception and confidence of primary importance when

these factors, combined with historical

discrepancies depending on the severity that could compromise the outcome of

is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

The candidates whose positions will be determined by every vote of the

The study focuses on determining if the system

MySQL is the database management system used in storing and

TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF DATA, ANALYSIS AND

Part of the researchers testing was conducted with a manual election

Software Testing Results

Voting System Module

No. of TCs passed

No. of TCs failed

Bug Severity Distribution

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Voter Anonymity and Data Confidentiality. The system was determined to

Administrator or Election Unlocker has no access to the votes cast by each

Based on the findings and conclusions, these are the recommendations of

Arthur, C. 2014, May 12. Estonian e-voting shouldnt be used in European

Oravec, JA. 2005. Preventing E-Voting Hazards: The Role of Information

computer systems in electronic voting. [Internet] [cited

USC - Commission on Elections

To whom it may concern:

May this letter find you in peace and in good health.

MRS. TOMASITA L. LABORTE

University of San Carlos

Note: This is not an official ballot of the SSC Elections

Adlawan, Venci (VOICE)

Albero, Dione (INSPIRE)

Amahan, Aldrianne (FIGHT)

Austria, Bernadette (VOICE)

Bacasno, Rica (INSPIRE)