Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Contents
[hide]
1 Definition
2 European origins
3 North American interpretation
4 Selected list of open-air and living museums
4.1 Africa
4.1.1 Egypt
o 4.2 Asia
4.2.1 Israel
4.2.2 Japan
4.2.3 China
4.2.4 Indonesia
4.2.5 South Korea
4.2.6 Malaysia
o 4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Austria
4.3.2 Belgium
4.3.3 Bulgaria
4.3.4 Czech Republic
4.3.5 Denmark
4.3.6 Estonia
4.3.7 Finland
4.3.8 France
4.3.9 Germany
4.3.10 Georgia
4.3.11 Hungary
4.3.12 Iceland
4.3.13 Ireland
4.3.14 Lithuania
4.3.15 Macedonia
4.3.16 Netherlands
4.3.17 Norway
4.3.18 Poland
4.3.19 Romania
4.3.20 Russia
4.3.21 Serbia
4.3.22 Slovakia
4.3.23 Slovenia
4.3.24 Spain
4.3.25 Sweden
4.3.26 Switzerland
4.3.27 Ukraine
4.3.28 United Kingdom
4.3.28.1 England
4.3.28.2 Scotland
4.3.28.3 Wales
4.3.28.4 Northern Ireland
o 4.4 North America
4.4.1 Canada
4.4.2 United States
o 4.5 Oceania
4.5.1 Australia
5 Living transportation museums
6 Ecological and environmental living museums
7 See also
o
8 Notes
9 External links
[edit] Definition
The International Council of Museums (ICOM) defines a museum as "a non-profit-making, permanent institution
in the service of society and of its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches,
communicates and exhibits, for purposes of study, education and enjoyment, the tangible and intangible evidence
of people and their environment."[1] Most open-air museums specialize in the collection and re-erection of old
buildings at large outdoor sites, usually in settings of re-created landscapes of the past. Most of them may
therefore justly be described as building museums. Open-air museums tended to be located originally in regions
where wooden architecture prevailed, as wooden structures may be trans-located without substantial loss of
authenticity.
Common to all open-air museums, including the earliest ones of the 19th century, is the teaching of the history of
everyday living by people from all segments of society.
World's first open-air museum, King Oscar's collections at Bygdy near Oslo in 1888.
The royal open-air museum was later incorporated into the Norsk Folkemuseum, established on an adjacent
property in the 1890s.[2] Influenced by a visit to the Norwegian open-air museum, Artur Hazelius in 1891 founded
the famous Skansen in Stockholm, which became the model for subsequent open-air museums in Northern and
Eastern Europe, and eventually in other parts of the world. The name "skansen" has also been used as a noun to
refer to other open-air museums and collections of historic structures, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe.
[3]
Around 1900, national and regional open-air museums were established in all Scandinavian countries, notably in
Norway and Sweden.
Most open-air museums concentrate on rural culture. However, since the opening of the first town museum, Den
Gamle By/The Old Town in Aarhus, Denmark in 1914,[4] town culture has also become a scope of open-air
museums. In many cases new town quarters are being constructed in existing rural culture museums.
[edit] Asia
[edit] Israel
[edit] Japan
[edit] China
[edit] Indonesia
[edit] Malaysia
[edit] Europe
[edit] Belgium
[edit] Bulgaria
Old Bohemian House in Perov nad Labem, Czech Republic the first open-air museum in Central and Eastern
Europe (1895) founded by Archduke Ludwig Salvator
Hanck skanzen (Skanzen of the Han Region), Pkazy
Museum lidovch staveb (Folk Buildings Museum), Kouim
Polabsk nrodopisn muzeum (Ethnographic Museum of the region of Polab), Perov nad Labemthe
oldest skansen in Central and Eastern Europe
Valask nrodopisn muzeum (Valachian Ethnographic Museum), Ronov pod Radhotm
Skanzen Vysok Chlumec, (http://www.muzeum-pribram.cz/exhmpb/exmvs/exmvs.html)
[edit] Denmark
[edit] Estonia
[edit] Finland
Luostarinmki, Turku
Seurasaari Open-Air Museum, Helsinki
[edit] France
Muse de plein air des maisons comtoises, Nancray, Doubs, Franche-Comt [1]
Muse de plein air, Villeneuve d'Ascq
fr:Muse de plein air de Villeneuve-d'Ascq
[edit] Germany
[edit] Georgia
[edit] Hungary
[edit] Iceland
rbjarsafn
[edit] Ireland
[edit] Lithuania
Main article: Ethnographic villages in Lithuania
[edit] Macedonia
Tumba Madari
[edit] Netherlands
[edit] Norway
[edit] Poland
[edit] Romania
[edit] Russia
[edit] Slovakia
Template:Main:Open-air museums in Slovakia
Bansk tiavnica
Bardejov
imany
Humenn
Martin
Nitra
Pribylina
Star ubova
Svidnk
Vlkolnec
Vychylovka
Zuberec Brestov
[edit] Slovenia
Piran
[edit] Spain
[edit] Sweden
Jamtli, stersund
Kulturen, Lund
Skansen, Stockholm
[edit] Switzerland
Ballenberg, Brienz
[edit] Ukraine
[edit] Scotland
[edit] Wales
[edit] Oceania
[edit] Australia
Pioneer Settlement, Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia's First Open Air Museum, opened 1963.
Port Arthur, Tasmania
Sovereign Hill, Ballarat, Victoria
Millewa Pioneer Forest and Historical Village, Meringur, Victoria
Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum, Warrnambool, Victoria
Old Sydney Town, Somersby, New South Wales (now closed)
Miles Historical Village and Museum, Miles, Queensland
[edit] Notes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Constructs such as ibid., loc. cit. and idem are discouraged by Wikipedia's style guide for footnotes, as
they are easily broken. Please improve this article by replacing them with named references (quick guide),
or an abbreviated title. (July 2010)
^ http://icom.museum/statutes.html#2 ICOM Statutes
^ Tonte Hegard: Romantikk og fortidsvern. Historien om de frste friluftsmuseene i Norge,
Universitetsforlaget, Oslo 1984. ISBN 82-00-07064-0
^ Sten Rentzhog: Open air museums: The history and future of a visionary idea, Carlsson Jamtli
Frlag, Stockholm and stersund 2007. ISBN 978-91-7948-208-4
^ http://www.dengamleby.dk/int/english.htm
^ Kenneth Hudson, Museums of Influence, Cambridge University Press, 1987. p. 153
^ Ibid, p. 154
^ Scott Magelssen, Living History Museums: Undoing History Through Performance, Scarecrow
Press, 2007
Museum websites
Open Air Museum Bokrijk Leading open-air museum of Belgium, Flanders.
Perov nad Labem open-air museum - photo gallery
Valachian Ethnographic Museum in Ronov pod Radhotm, Czech Republic
Hjerl Hede- An open-air museum in Denmark showing life from the early days until about 100 years ago.
The Old Town (Den Gamle By)- An open-air museum in Denmark showing urban life.
Jamtli One of Sweden's largest and oldest regional open-air museums, in stersund.
fr:Muse de plein air de Villeneuve-d'Ascq