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Hands on Exercise
Coding Standards
Reference
Lend A Hand
Questions
Summary
Points To Ponder
Overview
Objective
After completing this session, you will be
able to:
Identify the Input/Output and Data
storage devices
Identify the types of software
Describe programming languages and
program execution
Explain networking and basic IT
Architecture concepts
Computers
A modern computer is any electronic device that can process a
finite set of arithmetic or logical operations in a programmed
sequence on a given set of inputs .
Smart Phones
GPS Navigator
PDA
Process
Controllers
Super Computers
Computers
Computers
The act of software development revolves around the hardware
and operating system components either directly or indirectly.
Hardware components and operating system provide an
ecosystem for the execution of software applications.
A software developer should know the underlying concepts of
the hardware and system softwares to produce effective
software solutions.
Computers
Input device
Hardware
Classifications
Software
classifications
Output device
Processing device
Memory Device
Storage Device
Application
software
System Software
Lend a Hand
Find out the difference between Memory and Storage devices.
Identify the differences between Storage Area Network (SAN) and
Network Attached Storage (NAS).
What is the difference between a system and application
softwares?
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12
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Software Executions
In order to execute, any software program that is written has to
be converted into machine instructions.
Compilation and Interpretation help in the conversion.
Programming languages are categorized into Compiled and
Interpreted languages.
Compilation Process
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Interpretation Process
1.
2.
Linking
The process of converting object code to machine code has an
important concept called Linking.
A Linker links multiple object files into one single executable file.
main:
Jmp xxxx
Jmp yyyy
Printf:
Executable
Funct:
LINKER
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Jmp funct
Funct:
printf
Lend a Hand
What is Just in Time Compiler?
What is a scripting language ?
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Questions
17
Keywords
Program
Memory
Storage
Data Persistence
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Compile
Linking
Process
Networking
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Networking
Networking is the practice of linking two or more computing
devices together for the purpose of data sharing.
Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and
computer software.
Networking
Things you need to know to write network enabled softwares.
Computers that needs to communicate with other computers
or devices should know:
The Address of the computer it wishes to communicate with
The Port in the device which offers the communication service
The Protocol, i.e. the format in which the communication is to
be done.
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Addresses
A network address serves as a unique identifier for a computer or
a device on a network.
Computers can determine the addresses of other computers on
the network and use these addresses to send messages to each
other.
There are two types of addresses:
IP Address (uses IPv4 format)
To address machines outside a network segment.
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Addressing
IPv4 format:
IPv4 addresses consist of four bytes (32Bit) that uniquely identify all
computers on the public Internet.
IP addresses are written in a notation called dotted decimal.
Example:
Human readable format
10.0.0.1
IPv6 format:
Defines an IP Address as 128 bits, therefore IPv6 has a vastly
enlarged address space compared to IPv4. Represented in
Hexadecimal values.
Example:
E3D7:0000:0000:0000:51F4:9BC8:C0A8:6420
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Ports
A communication point between devices and processes.
They offer specific services for the communicating devices.
They can be hardware ports or software ports.
A software port is represented by numbers.
Software Ports
20,21
22
25
53
80
88
110
Service
FTP (File transfer)
SSH (Remote login secure)
SMTP (Internet mail)
DNS (Host naming)
HTTP (Web)
Kerberos (computer authentication
protocol)
POP3 (Client access)
Hardware ports
Protocols
A network protocol defines rules and conventions for
communication between network devices in form of message
packets.
Includes mechanisms for devices to identify and make connections
with each other.
Rules to specify format how data is packaged into messages sent
and received.
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27
28
Questions
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30
Keywords
IP Address
Port
Protocol
LAN
WAN
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Summary
The key points covered in this chapter are:
Hardware can be classified into Input, Output,
Storage, Processing and Communications devices.
Software languages fall into three categories:
System, Programming and Application
An interpreter translates one program statement
at a time into machine code.
Program execution is the process by which a
computer or a virtual machine carries out the
instructions of a computer program.
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Summary (Contd.)
A computer network or network is a collection of
computers and other hardware interconnected by
communication channels that allow sharing of
resources and information.
Port is typically a communication point between
devices and processes. Ports can be hardware
ports or software ports.
A network protocol defines rules and conventions
for communication between network devices.
TCP/IP provides endtoend connectivity
specifying how data should be formatted,
addressed, transmitted, routed and received at
the destination.
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Summary (Contd.)
WAN spans a large physical distance.
Internet is a short form of the technical
term internetwork, the result of interconnecting
computer networks with special gateways or
routers.
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Source
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/workingwithipaddresses/g/ip
addresses.htm
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkprotocolsip/g/bldef_mac.htm
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkprotocolsip/g/ip_protocol.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_layer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_layer
Disclaimer: Parts of the content of this course is based on the materials available from the Web sites and books
listed above. The materials that can be accessed from linked sites are not maintained by Cognizant Academy and
we are not responsible for the contents thereof. All trademarks, service marks, and trade names in this course are
the marks of the respective owner(s).
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Technology Fundamentals
Change Log
37
Version
Number
Changes made
V1.0
Initial Version
V2.0
Slide No.
Changed By
Effective Date
137
Learning
Content
Team
CATP
Technical
Team
26.04.2013
Changes
Effected
Baselining
Content