B

at
tl
e
of
N
a
h
a
w
a
n
d
(6
4
2)
M
ai
n
ar
ti
cl
e:
B
at
tl
e
of
N
a
h
a
v
a
n
d

A
ft
er
th
e
co
n
q

ue
st
of
K
h
uz
ist
an
,
th
e
C
al
ip
h
U
m
ar
w
an
te
d
pe
ac
e.
T
h
o
u
g
h
co
ns
id
er
ab
ly
w
ea
ke
ne
d,

th
e
i
m
ag
e
of
th
e
P
er
si
an
E
m
pi
re
as
a
fe
ar
so
m
e
su
pe
rp
o
w
er
sti
ll
re
so
na
te
d
in
th
e
m
in

ds
of
th
e
ne
w
ly
as
ce
n
da
nt
A
ra
bs
,
an
d
U
m
ar
w
as
w
ar
y
of
u
n
ne
ce
ss
ar
y
m
ili
ta
ry
en
ga
ge

m
en
t
w
it
h
th
e
Ir
an
ia
ns
.
H
e
w
an
te
d
to
le
av
e
th
e
re
st
of
P
er
si
a
to
th
e
Ir
an
ia
ns
.
U
m

ar
sa
id
:

B
ut
th
e
Ir
an
ia
ns
th
o
u
g
ht
di
ff
er
en
tl
y.
T
he
pr
id
e
of
th
e
i
m
pe
ri
al

P
er
si
an
s
ha
d
be
en
h
ur
t
b
y
th
e
co
n
q
ue
st
of
th
ei
r
la
n
d
b
y
th
e
A
ra
bs
.
T
he
y
co
ul
d

n
ot
ac
q
ui
es
ce
in
th
e
oc
cu
pa
ti
o
n
of
th
ei
r
la
n
ds
b
y
th
e
A
ra
bs
.
[29]

S
a
ss
a
ni
d
ar
m
y
h
el
m
et

A
ft
er
th
e
de
fe
at
of
th
e
P
er
si
an
fo
rc
es
at
th
e
B
at
tl
e
of
Ja
lu
la
in

6
3
7,
E
m
pe
ro
r
Y
az
d
ge
rd
II
I
w
en
t
to
R
ey
an
d
fr
o
m
th
er
e
m
o
ve
d
to
M
er
v
w
he
re
he
se

t
u
p
hi
s
ca
pi
ta
l.
Fr
o
m
M
er
v,
he
di
re
ct
ed
hi
s
ch
ie
fs
to
co
n
d
uc
t
co
nt
in
u
o
us
ra
id
s
in
M

es
o
p
ot
a
m
ia
to
de
st
ab
ili
ze
th
e
M
us
li
m
ru
le.
W
it
hi
n
th
e
ne
xt
fo
ur
ye
ar
s,
Y
az
d
ge
rd
II
I
fe

lt
p
o
w
er
fu
l
en
o
u
g
h
to
ch
al
le
n
ge
th
e
M
us
li
m
s
o
nc
e
ag
ai
n
fo
r
th
e
th
ro
ne
of
M
es
o

p
ot
a
m
ia.
T
he
E
m
pe
ro
r
se
nt
a
ca
ll
to
hi
s
pe
o
pl
e
to
dr
iv
e
a
w
ay
th
e
M
us
li
m
s
fr
o
m
th

ei
r
la
n
ds
.
In
re
sp
o
ns
e
to
th
e
ca
ll,
ha
rd
en
ed
ve
te
ra
ns
an
d
y
o
u
n
g
v
ol
u
nt
ee
rs
fr
o
m
al

l
pa
rt
s
of
P
er
si
a
m
ar
ch
ed
in
la
rg
e
n
u
m
be
rs
to
jo
in
th
e
i
m
pe
ri
al
st
an
da
rd
an
d
m
ar
ch
ed

to
N
ih
a
w
an
d
fo
r
th
e
la
st
tit
an
ic
st
ru
g
gl
e
be
t
w
ee
n
th
e
fo
rc
es
of
th
e
C
al
ip
ha
te
an
d
S

as
sa
ni
d
P
er
si
a.
1
0
0,
0
0
0
P
er
si
an
fi
g
ht
er
s
as
se
m
bl
ed
,
co
m
m
an
de
d
b
y
M
ar
da
n
S

ha
h.
T
he
G
o
ve
rn
or
of
K
uf
a,
A
m
m
ar
ib
n
Y
as
ir,
re
ce
iv
ed
in
te
lli
ge
nc
e
of
th
e
P
er
si
an
m
o

ve
m
en
ts
an
d
co
nc
en
tr
at
io
n
at
N
ih
a
w
an
d.
H
e
re
p
or
te
d
th
e
m
at
te
r
to
U
m
ar.
A
lt
h
o
u

g
h
U
m
ar
ha
d
ex
pr
es
se
d
a
de
si
re
fo
r
M
es
o
p
ot
a
m
ia
to
be
hi
s
ea
st
er
n
m
os
t
fr
o
nt
ie
r,

he
fe
lt
co
m
pe
ll
ed
to
ac
t
gi
ve
n
th
e
co
nc
en
tr
at
io
n
of
th
e
P
er
si
an
ar
m
y
at
N
ih
a
w
an
d.
[30]

e
be
li
ev
ed
th
at
so
lo
n
g
as
P
er
si
a
pr
o
pe
r
re
m
ai
ne
d
u
n
de
r
S
as
sa
ni
d
ru
le,
P
er
si
an
fo
rc

es
w
o
ul
d
co
nt
in
ue
ra
id
in
g
M
es
o
p
ot
a
m
ia
w
it
h
a
vi
e
w
to
o
ne
da
y
re
ca
pt
ur
in
g
th
e
re

gi
o
n.
H
u
d
he
if
a
ib
n
A
l
Y
a
m
an
w
as
ap
p
oi
nt
ed
co
m
m
an
de
r
of
th
e
fo
rc
es
of
K
uf
a,
an
d

w
as
or
de
re
d
to
m
ar
ch
to
N
ih
a
w
an
d.
G
o
ve
rn
or
of
B
us
ra
A
b
u
M
us
a,
w
as
to
m
ar
ch
to
N
ih
a

w
an
d
co
m
m
an
di
n
g
hi
s
fo
rc
es
of
B
us
ra
N
o
u
m
an
ib
n
M
u
qa
rri
n
m
ar
ch
ed
fr
o
m
Ct
es
ip
h

o
n
to
N
ih
a
w
an
d
w
hi
le
U
m
ar
de
ci
de
d
to
le
ad
th
e
ar
m
y
co
nc
en
tr
at
ed
at
M
ad
in
ah
in
pe
rs
o

n
an
d
co
m
m
an
d
th
e
M
us
li
m
s
at
th
e
ba
ttl
e.
U
m
ar'
s
de
ci
si
o
n
to
co
m
m
an
d
th
e
ar
m
y
in

pe
rs
o
n
w
as
n
ot
w
el
l
re
ce
iv
ed
b
y
th
e
m
e
m
be
rs
of
M
aj
lis
al
S
h
ur
a
at
M
ad
in
ah
.
It
w
as

su
g
ge
st
ed
th
at
U
m
ar
sh
o
ul
d
co
m
m
an
d
th
e
ca
m
pa
ig
n
fr
o
m
M
ad
in
ah
,
an
d
sh
o
ul
d
ap
p

oi
nt
an
as
tu
te
m
ili
ta
ry
co
m
m
an
de
r
to
le
ad
th
e
M
us
li
m
s
at
N
ih
a
w
an
d.
U
m
ar
ap
p
oi
nt
ed
M

u
g
he
er
a
ib
n
S
h
u
ba
as
co
m
m
an
de
r
of
th
e
fo
rc
es
co
nc
en
tr
at
ed
at
M
ad
in
ah
an
d
ap
p
oi
nt
ed

N
o
u
m
an
ib
n
M
u
qa
rri
n
as
co
m
m
an
de
r
in
ch
ie
f
of
th
e
M
us
li
m
s
at
N
ih
a
w
an
d.
T
he
M
us

li
m
ar
m
y
le
ft
fo
r
N
ih
a
w
an
d
an
d
fir
st
co
nc
en
tr
at
ed
at
T
az
ar
,
an
d
th
en
m
o
ve
d
to
N
ih
a

w
an
d
an
d
de
fe
at
ed
th
e
P
er
si
an
fo
rc
es
at
th
e
B
at
tl
e
of
N
ih
a
w
an
d
in
D
ec
e
m
be
r
6
4
2.

N
o
u
m
an
di
ed
in
ac
ti
o
n,
an
d
as
pe
r
U
m
ar'
s
in
st
ru
ct
io
ns
H
u
d
he
if
a
ib
n
A
l
Y
a
m
an
be

ca
m
e
ne
w
co
m
m
an
de
r
in
ch
ie
f.
A
ft
er
th
e
vi
ct
or
y
at
N
ih
a
w
an
d,
th
e
M
us
li
m
ar
m
y
ca
pt

ur
ed
th
e
w
h
ol
e
di
st
ri
ct
of
H
a
m
ad
an
af
te
r
fe
eb
le
re
si
st
an
ce
b
y
th
e
P
er
si
an
s.
[28]

Waste sorting is the process by which waste is separated into different elements.[1] Waste sorting
can occur manually at the household and collected through curbside collection schemes, or
automatically separated in materials recovery facilities or mechanical biological treatment
systems. Hand sorting was the first method used in the history of waste sorting.[2]
Waste can also be sorted in a civic amenity site.
Waste segregation means dividing waste into dry and wet. Dry waste includes wood and related
products, metals and glass. Wet waste, typically refers to organic waste usually generated by
eating establishments and are heavy in weight due to dampness. Waste can also be segregated on
basis of biodegradable or non-biodegradable waste.
Landfills are an increasingly pressing problem.[citation needed] Less and less land is available to deposit
refuse, but the volume of waste is growing all time. As a result, segregating waste is not just of
environmental importance, but of economic concern, too.
Contents
[hide]

1 Methods

2 By country

3 See also

4 References

5 External links

Methods[edit]

Waste is collected at its source in each area and separated. The way that waste is sorted must
reflect local disposal systems. The following categories are common:

Paper

Cardboard (including packaging for return to suppliers)

Glass (clear, tinted no light bulbs or window panes, which belong with
residual waste)

Plastics

Scrap metal

Compost

Special/hazardous waste

Residual waste

Organic waste can also be segregated for disposal:

Leftover food which has had any contact with meat can be collected
separately to prevent the spread of bacteria.
o

Meat and bone can be retrieved by bodies responsible for animal waste

If other leftovers are sent, for example, to local farmers, they can be
sterilised before being fed to the animals

Peel and scrapings from fruit and vegetables can be composted along with
other degradable matter. Other waste can be included for composting, too,
such as cut flowers, corks, coffee grindings, rotting fruit, tea bags, egg- and
nutshells, paper towels etc.

Chip pan oil (fryer oil), used fats, vegetable oil and the content of fat filters can be collected by
companies able to re-use them. Local authority waste departments can provide relevant
addresses. This can be achieved by providing recycling bins.
By country[edit]

In Germany, regulations exist that provide mandatory quotas for the waste sorting of packaging
waste and recyclable materials such as glass bottles.[3]