STD-AWWA C302-ENGL 1975

0783350 0504024 307

American Water Works Association

ANSIIAWWA C302-95
(Revision of ANSVAWWA C302-87)

A W A STANDARD

FOR

REINFORCED CONCRETE PRESSURE PIPE,

NONCYLINDER TYPE

Effective date: Nov. I, 1995.

First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Sept. 4, 1951.
This edition approved Jan. 22, 1995.
Approved by American National Standards Institute July 10,1995.

AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION

6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver,Colorado 80235

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

AW MIA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification.
AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and
administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is
specified by the user, the product or servi is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard
does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or
approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are
intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will
provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of
action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The
action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.

American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope
and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the

consumer, and the general public. The existence of a n American National Standard does not in any
respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or u s i n g products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. AmericanNational Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to
obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials
or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National
Standards.
CAUTION NOTICE:
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the fmnt
cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National
Standard may be revised or withdrawn a t any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken
to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication.
Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by
callingorwriting the AmericanNational Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., NewYork, NY
10036;(212) 642-4900.

Copyright O 1995 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

STD-AWWA C 3 0 2 - E N G L 1775

0783350 050402b 181

Committee Personnel
The AWWA Standards subcommittee that reviewed and developed this standard had thefollowing personnel at the time:
W.R. Brunzell, Chair
H.H. Bardakjian
R.P. Fuerst
A.W,
McKelvie
S.A.
Tremblay
The AWWA Standards Committee on Concrete Pressure Pipe, which reviewed
and approved this standard, had thefollowing personnel at the timeof approval:
Lee B. Freese, Chair
David P. Prosser, Secretary

Consumer Members
W.E. Bradbury, Lake Shastina Mutual Water Company, Weed, Calif.
B.R. Bullert, St. Paul Water Utility, St. Paul, Mim.
J.A. Economides, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, Calif.
R.P. Fuerst, Bureauof Reclamation, Denver, Colo.
W.M. Kremkau, Washington Suburban SanitaryCommission,
Laurel, Md.
R.T. Menlove, Los Angeles Department of Water andPower,
Los Angeles, Calif.
D.A. Wiedyke, Detroit Water and Sewerage Department,
Detroit, Mich.

General Interest Members

W.R. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Ltd., Skokie, Ill.
E.A. Cooney,* Whitman & Howard Inc., Wellesley, Mass.
R.F. Dutting, Richard F. Dutting Associates, Pittsfield, Maine
R.C. Edmunds, Jones Edmunds & Associates, Gainesville, Fla.
W.D. Ensor, Gannett Fleming Inc., Newport News, Va.
L.B. Freese, Freese & Nichols Inc., Fort Worth, Texas
E.L. Haack, Alaimo Engineering Associates, Patterson, N.J.
J.K. Haney, HDR Engineering Inc., Austin, Texas
M.M. Hicks, Montgomery Watson Engineers, Walnut Creek, Calif.
Conrad Hohener Jr.,t Boyle Engineering Corporation,
Newport Beach, Calif.
E m Kiilaspea, Consulting Engineer, Willowdale, Ont.
R.Y. Konyalian, Boyle Engineering Corporation, Newport Beach, Calif.
S.A. McKelvie, Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Gore & Storrie Inc.,
Glastonbury, Conn.
*Liaison, nonvoting
TAlternate

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

ES.Ralph*, Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.

R.C. Soren, Black & Veatch, Lake Oswego, Ore.
Chris Sundberg, CHZM Hill, Bellevue, Wash.
Producer Members

H.H. Bardakjian, Ameron Concrete& Steel Pipe Systems, Rancho

Cucamonga, Calif.
Gerard Bizien, Hyprescon Inc., St. Eustache, Que.
J.E. Forero, ICHSA, Mexico DF, Mexico
K.L. Heasley, Cretex Pressure Pipe Inc., South Beloit, Ill.
D.M. Macdonald, Lafarge Construction Materials Pressure Pipe
Company, StoufXdle, Ont.
S.R. Malcolm, Vianini Pipe Inc., Somerville, N.J.
R.I. Mueller, GifordHill American Inc., Dallas, Texas
Giorgi0 Napoletani,? VianiniPipe Inc., Somerville,N.J.
D.P. Prosser, American Concrete Pressure Pipe Association,
Vienna, Va.
A.W. Tremblay, Price Brothers Company, Dayton, Ohio

*Liason, nonvoting

tAlternate

iv

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

STD-AWWA C302-ENGL

L795 H 0783350 0504028 T 5 4

Contents
All AWWA standards follow t h geneml format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this f o r m t m y
be found in a particular standurd.
SEC.

PAGE

Foreword
Introduction.................,..................... vi
Background .................,................... ..vi
History .........................,..................... vi
1.c Acceptance......................................... vi
Special Issues ..................................
vii
II
Use of This Standard .....................
vii
III
1II.A Purchaser Options and
...
mu
Alternatives .................................
...
1II.B Modificationto Standard .............. mu
Major Revisions .............................
viii
IV
Comments .........................................
ix
V

I
I .A
I .B

Standard

1.1
1.2
1.3

General
scope ..............................................
1
Purpose ...............................................
1
Application ...... .... .... ...... .... .. ........... ..
1

References.....

Definitions .......................................

4
4.1
4.2

Requirements
Permeation ................,..... .... ........ ..... 4
Drawings and Data to Be
Furnished by the Purchaser .......... 4
Data to Be Submitted by the
Manufacturer...................................
5

4.3

PAGE

SEC.

4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7

Materials ............................................
Design .................................................
Fabrication .... ...... ................ ........ ...
Fittings and Special Pipe................

11
..
14

5
5.1
5.2
5.3

Verification
Inspection and Testing by
the Purchaser ................................
Tests .................................................
Testing of Pipe .................................

16
17
17

6
6.1
6.2
6.3

Delivery
Marking .........................................
... 18
Transportation.. ............................ ...18
Affidavit of Compliance................... 18

5
8

Tables

...a.

1
2
3
4

...... .... ............ ........ ... 2..

4

5
6

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

Maximum Individual Pipe

Length ..............................................
8
Pipe
Squareness Tolerance ............... 8
Internal Diameter Tolerance ............ 9
Minimum Wall Thickness
of Pipe ............................................
10
Wall Thickness Tolerances ............. 10
Minimum Thickness of Sheet
or Plate for Fittings of Various
Diameters ......................................
15

Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of AWWA C302.
I. Introduction
I.A. Background. Reinforcedconcrete pressure pipe of the noncylinder type
has been used extensively since the turn of the century. This type of pipe is made
with one o r more cages of steel reinforcing bars or wire encased in concrete. The
concrete is usually placed by vertical or centrifugal casting methods. Rubber gasketed joints may have either steel or concrete bell and spigot surfaces. The pipe is
manufactured in sizes ranging fiom12
in. (300 mm) to more than 144 in.
(3,660 m m ) in diameter and is generally made in 8-ft (2.5-m) through 24-R (7.5-m)
laying lengths.
Reinforced concrete pressure pipe, noncylinder type, is designed for the specific
combination of internal pressure and external load required for a project, in accordance with the procedures outlined in AWWA Manual M9, Concrete Pressure P i p e .
This pipe is normally limited in working pressure to a maximum of 55 psi (380 Wal
and is used for low-pressure transmission lines in irrigation, industrial, and domestic water supply systems, and other applications (see Sec. III).
Design criteria and examples along with installation recommendations and
other related data pertaining to this pipe are covered in AWWA Manual M 9
I.B. History. In April1943, the AWWA Board of Directors authorized the
preparation of "Tentative EmergencySpecificationsforConcrete
Pressure Pipe."
These tentative specifications, which covered several types of pipe in a single document, served a useful purpose during World War II, but are now obsolete and have
been withdrawn.
The first edition of this standard was approved as tentative on Sept. 4, 1951,
and made a standard on May 5, 1953. The second edition was made a standard on
July 19, 1957. Substantial changes, including the addition of limiting stresses for
combined loading design, were incorporated into the third edition, which was made
a standard on Jan. 27, 1964,
The fourth edition, dated Jan. 28, 1974, included several sigmfhnt changes.
Format and terminology were modified to generally conform t o AWWA C301, Standard for Prestressed Concrete Pressure Pipe, Steel-Cylinder Type, for Water and
Other Liquids, and section titles were added. The scopeof sizes was changed to
include 12-in. (300-mm)through 144-in. (3,660-mm) pipe with certain length restrictions as a function of diameter. Provisions for concrete admixtures were included
along with modifications of curing parameters. Design requirements and reference
appendixes were added.
The fifth edition, dated June 14,1987,included general format changes and
several minor technical revisions for aggregates. Provisions for pozzolanic materials
as a cement replacement under controlledconditionswere
introduced. Maximum
levels for soluble chlorideion (Cl-) content in theconcrete mix were established. The
criteria for curing the pipe were upgraded.
I.C. Acceptance. In May1985,
the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certifkation program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of
the original consortium included the American Water Works Association Research

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

STD-AWWA C302-ENGL 1975

0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0504030 b 0 2 H

Foundation (AWWARF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental

Managers (COSHEM).TheAmerican Water WorksAssociation (AWWA) and the
Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joinedlater.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact
with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agenciesmaychoose
to
impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate
the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state
and local agencies may use various references, including
1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking
Water, discontinued on Apr. 7, 1990.
2. Specific policies of the stateor local agency.
3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF: ANSIt/NSF$ 60,
Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals - Health Effects, and ANSUNSF 61, Drinking Water SystemComponents - Health Effects.
4. Other references,including
AWWA standards, Food ChemicalsCodex,
Water Chemicals Codex, and other standards considered appropriate by the state or
local agency.
Various certification organizations may beinvolved in certifying products in
accordance with ANSINSF 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to
accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation
of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Appendix A, Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures, to ANSUNSF 61
doesnot stipulate a maximum allowablelevel (MAL) of a contaminant forsubstances not regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The
M A L S of an unspecified list of unregulated contaminants are based on toxicity
testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Appendix A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the
certifier.
AWWA C302 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this standard should consult the appropriate state or local agencyhaving jurisdiction in oder to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifications by all parties offering to certify products for contactwith or treatment of drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certification.
Special Issues. Special issues are addressed in AWWA Manual M9, Concrete Pressure Pipe.
III. Use of This Standard. AWWA has no responsibility for the suitability
or compatibility of the provisions of this standardt o any intended application by any
user. Accordingly, each user of this standard is responsible for determining that the
standards provisions are suitable for and compatible with that users intended
application.

II.

*Persons in Canada,Mexico,andnon-NorthAmericancountriesshouldcontactthe
appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
?American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10036.

SNSF International, 3475 Plymouth M.,

Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 2102 Constitution Ave.
N.W., Washington,DC 20418.

vii

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

S T D - A W W A C302-ENGL L775 W 0783350 0504033 5 4 7

1II.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be

included in thepurchaser's specifications:
1. Standard used - that is, AWWA C302, Standard for Reinforced Concrete
Pressure Pipe, Noncylinder Type,of latest revision.
2. The working pressure,surgepressure,
field test pressure, depthand
weight of earth cover, trench bedding condition, and live load for which the pipe is
to be designed (Sec.4.2.2).
3. If detailed drawings and schedules are to be submittedfor
review
(Sec. 4.3.1 and Sec. 4.7.1).
4. If manufacturer is not permitted to supply pipe from inventory (Sec. 4.3.1).
5. If a tabulated layout schedule will be required (Sec. 4.3.2).
6. Type of cement required if there is a preference (Sec. 4.4.1.1).
7. If submission of the type and amount of admixtures will be required
(Sec. 4.4.5).
8. Ifsubmission
of manufacturer's design calculations will be required
(Sec. 4.5.2).
9. If either steel or concrete bell and spigot joint, or double spigot and sleeve
joint of steel andconcrete will berequired (Sec. 4.5.3.1).
10. If the purchaser desires to inspect the material, pipe, and fittings at the
manufacturer's plant (Sec. 5.1.1).
11. If any material or manufacturing test reports
will be required (Sec. 5.1.2).
12. If steel test specimens will be required (Sec. 5.2.3).
13. If hydrostatic pressure testing of pipe at the manufacturer's yard will be
required (Sec. 5.3.1).
14. If an affidavit of compliance is required (Sec. 6.3).
1II.B. Modification to Standard. Any mod3cation to the provisions, definitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided in the purchaser's specifications.
Major Revisions. Major revisions made to the standard in this edition
include the following:
1. The format has been changed to reflect current AWWA standard style.
2. The acceptance clause (Sec. 1.C) and the definitions of parties (Sec. 3) have
been revised to approved wording.
3. Requirements for submitting samples of aggregates have been deleted (former Sec. 2.4).
4. A minimum yield strength of 30,000 psi (207 MPa) for cylinders for fittings
steel is required (Sec. 4.4.6.1).
5. Minimum testing and measuring frequencyfor steel sheets alid coils is
required (Sec. 4.4.6.2).
6. A requirement for a minimum and maximum clear spacing between circumferential reinforcing members has been added (Sec. 4.5.2)
7. Table 4, Minimum Wall Thickness of Pipe, has been expanded to include
sizes 102 in. through 144 in. (2,590 mm through 3,660 mm).
8. The requirements for rubbergaskets have been expanded to include
splices, testing, and storage (Sec. 4.5.4).
9. A qualification requirement for all welders and welding operators has been
added (Sec. 4.6.2).
10. A requirement for cage placement supports has been added (Sec. 4.6.3.1
and Sec. 4.6.3.2).
11. A sectionand table on the design of fittings has been added (Sec. 4.7.2.1).
12. A requirement for test-equipment calibration has been added (Sec. 5.2.6).

IV.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

= 0783350 0504032
~

S T D - A W W A C302-ENGL 1775

485 M

13. Design procedures have been moved from the former appendix A of this
standard to AWWA Manual M9.
V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call the AWWA Standards Department, (303) 794-7711 ext. 2201, FAX (303)
795-1440, or write to the departmentat 6666 W. Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235.

ix

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

American Water Works Association

ANSllAWWA C302-95
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C302-87)

AWWA STANDARD FOR

REINFORCED CONCRETE PRESSURE

PIPE, NONCYLINDER TYPE
SECTION 1: GENERAL
Sec. 1.1 Scope
This standard covers the manufacture of circumferentially reinforced concrete
pressure pipe, without a steel cylinder and not prestressed, in sizes from 12 to
144 in, (300 t o 3,660 m m ) inclusive and for working pressures not exceeding 55 psi
(380 Wa) and working plus surge pressures not exceeding a total pressure of 65 psi
(450 Wal. This type of pipe is designed for the internal pressure, external loads,
and bedding conditions designated by the purchaser. Pipe of diameters larger than
144 in. (3,660 m m ) have been manufactured based on the concepts of this standard.
This standard does not include requirements for design, handling, delivery, laying,
field testing, or disinfection of pipe. See AWWA Manual M9, Concrete Pressure Pipe,
for information on these topics.
1.1.1 Essential requirements. The pipe shall have the following principal features: a reinforcingcage or cages of steel rods, bars, wire, or fabric; a wall of
concrete covering the reinforcing cage or cages inside and out; and a joint with a
preformed rubber gasket or gaskets of rubber of circular cross section, so designed
that the joint will be watertight under all conditions of service.

Sec. 1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this standard is to provide purchasers, manufacturers, and constructors with the minimum requirements forreinforcedconcrete
pressure pipe,
noncylinder type, including fabrication and testing requirements.

Sec. 1.3 Application

This standard can be referenced in specifications for purchasing and receiving
reinforced concrete pressure pipe, noncylinder type. This standard can be used as a

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

AWWA C302-95

guide for manufacturing this type of concrete pressure pipe. The stipulations of this
standard only apply when this document has been referenced to reinforced concrete
pressure pipe, noncylinder type.

SECTION 2: REFERENCES
This standard references the following documents.In their latesteditions, they
form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. Inany case
of conflict, the requirements of this standardshall prevail.
AISI* - Steel Products Manual - 1010 through 1020 Steel Sheets and Coils
and M1020 Steel Bars.
ASME? -Boiler and PressureVessel Code, Sec. IX
ASTMS A27 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General
Application.
ASTM A36 - Standard Specification for Structural Steel.
ASTM A82 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcement.
ASTM A185 - Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Plain, for
Concrete Reinforcement.
ASTM A283- Standard Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile
Strength Carbon Steel Plates.
ASTM A285 - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, Low- and Intermediate-Tensile Strength.
ASTM A496 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete
Reinforcement.
ASTM A497 - Standard Specification
for
Steel Welded
Wire
Fabric,
Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement.
ASTM A569 - Standard Specification for Steel, Carbon (0.15 Maximum, Percent), Hot-Rolled Sheet and Strip Commercial Quality.
ASTM A570 - Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Carbon, HotRolled, Structural Quality.
ASTM A575 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Quality, "Grades.
ASTM A576 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,
Special Quality.
ASTM A615 - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel
Bars for Concrete Reinforcement.
ASTM A635 -Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thickness Coils, Carbon, Hot-Rolled.
ASTM A659 - Standard Specification for Steel, Carbon (0.16 Maximum to
0.25 Maximum Percent), Hot-Rolled Sheet and Strip, Commercial Quality.
ASTM A663 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Quality, Mechanical Properties.

*American

Iron and Steel Institute, 1101 17th St. N.W., Washington, M= 20036.

$American Society ofMechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017.

#American Society for Testingand Materials, 1916Ra St.,Philadelphia, PA 19103.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

S T D * A W W A C302-ENGL 1995

0783350 050L-1035 L 9 4

REINFORCEDCONCRETE

PRESSURE PIPE

ASTMA675 - Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,

Special Quality, MechanicalProperties.
ASTM A706 - Standard Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed Bars for
Concrete Reinforcement.
ASTM A907 - Standard Specification forSteel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy Thickness Coils, Carbon, Hot-Rolled, Structural Quality.
ASTM C29 - Standard Test Method for Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate.
ASTM C31 - Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in theField.
ASTM C33 - Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
ASTM C39 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens.
ASTM C94 - Standard specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete.
ASTMC127 - Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
Coarse Aggregate.
ASTM C128 - Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
Fine Aggregate.
ASTM C150 - Standard Specification forPortland Cement.
ASTM C172 - Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete.
ASTM C309 - Standard SpecificationforLiquidMembrane-FormingCompounds for Curing Concrete.
ASTM C494 - Standard Specification for Chemical Admixturesfor Concrete.
ASTM C618 - Standard Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Useas a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete.
ASTM D75 - Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates.
ASTMD297 - StandardTest
MethodsforRubber
Products - Chemical
Analysis.
ASTMD395 - Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property - Compression
Set.
ASTM D412 - Standard Test Methods for Rubber Properties in Tension.
ASTMD572 - Standard Test Method for Rubber-Deterioration by Heat and
oxygen
ASTM D573- Standard Test MethodforRubber-Deterioration
in an Air
Oven.
ASTM D2240- Standard Test MethodforRubber
Property- Durometer
Hardness.
ANSI*/AWSt D.1.1- Structural Welding Code, Steel.
Concrete Pressure Pipe. AWWA Manual M9. AWWA, Denver, Colo. (1995).
Forpipe manufactured in Canada according to thisstandard, appropriate
material specifications issued by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA)S may
be applicable.

*American National Standards Institute, 11W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10036.
t h e r i c a n Welding Society Inc., 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126.
$Canadian StandardsAssociation, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Rexdale,ON M9W 1R3.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

~~

S T D - A W W A C302-ENGL L995
4

0783350 050'403b O20

AWWA C302-95

SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall apply in this standard:
1. Approved: Having received the approval of the purchaser.
2. Constructor: The party that furnishes the work and materials forplacement or installation.
3. Dead loads: The pipe weight, water weight, and all static loads, including
earth loads, applied to the outside of the pipe after installation.
4. External loads: All live and dead loads applied to the outside of the pipe
after installation
5. Field test pressure: Maximum internal field test pressure for each part of
the pipeline.
6. Live loads: All external transient loads applied to the outside of the pipe
during and after installation.
7. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materials or products.
8. Normaloperatingconditions:
Conditions due to working pressureand
dead loads.
9. Pipe diameter or size: The inside diameter of the pipe.
10. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
11. Surge pressure: Internal pressure in excess of the working pressure caused
by rapid changes in pipeline flow velocity.
12. Transient conditions: Conditions due to surge pressures or live loads that
exceed normal operating conditions.
13. Working pressure: Maximum internal pressure for each pipe, o r portion of
the pipeline, established by the hydraulic gradient, exclusive of surge pressure, or
thestatic pressure specifiedby the purchaser, whichever results in the greater
pressure.

SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 4.1 Permeation
The selection of materials is critical for water service and distribution piping in
locations where there is likelihood the pipe will be exposed to significant concentrations of pollutants that are comprised of low molecular weight petroleum products o r
organic solvents or their vapors. Research has documented that pipe materials such
as polyethylene, polybutylene, polyvinyl chloride,and asbestos cement; and elastompacking glands, may besubject
to
ers, such as used in jointinggasketsand
permeation by lower molecular weight organic solvents or petroleum products. If a
water pipe must pass through such a contaminated area or an area subject to contamination, consult with the manufacturer regarding permeation of pipe walls,
jointing materials, etc., before selecting materials for use in that area.

Sec. 4.2 Drawings and Datato Be Furnished by the Purchaser

4.2.1 Drawings. Thepurchaser shall furnish the constructor with drawings
and profilesshowing
(1) alignment andgrades,
(2) locations of all outlets,

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

~~

S T D - A W W A C30E"ENGL L775

0 7 8 3 3 5 0 050q037 Tb7
REINFORCEDCONCRETE

PRESSUREPIPE

connections and special appurtenances, (3) working, field test, and surge pressures
for each portion of the pipeline, and (4)special details or shall otherwise provide the
constructor with the information necessary for the design and manufacture of the
pipe and fittings in accordance with this standard and with the specific requirements of the work for which the pipe is made. This information shall be furnished
sufficiently in advance of scheduled installations to allow for subsequent pipe design
and manufacture.
4.2.2 Design data. The purchaser shall speclfy or showon the drawings the
working pressure, field test pressure, and transient conditions applicable to each
portion of the pipeline. The external loading conditions and the method or methods
of bedding and backfilling shall be specified.
4.2.3Design responsibility. The purchaser or the purchaser's engineering representative is responsible for the overall concept and design of the pipeline project,
including supporting structures. The manufacturer is responsible for furnishing pipe
in accordance with the purchaseis criteria defined in Sec. 4.2.2.

Sec. 4.3 Data to Be Submitted by the Manufacturer

4.3.1 Detailed drawings and schedules. The manufacturer shall prepare drawings and schedulesshowing
full details of reinforcement,concrete,
and joint
dimensions for the pipe and fittings. These shall be submitted t o the purchaser for
approval when required in the purchaser's specifications. Pipe may be supplied from
inventory, unless the purchaser specifies otherwise.
4.3.2 Tabulated layout schedule. When required, the data submitted by the
manufacturer shall include a tabulated layout schedule, with reference to the stationing and grade line shown on the drawings supplied by the purchaser. The
schedule shall show pressure zones, each of which shall be designated by the applicableworking pressure. The point of change from one zone
to the next shall be
clearly indicated by station number. The diameter of the pipe and area of circumferential steel reinforcement (per unit length of pipe wall) shall be referenced for each
portion of the pipeline.

Sec. 4.4 Materials

All materials furnished by the manufacturer shall be new and of the quality
specified.
4.4.1 Cement.
4.4.1.1 Type. Cement used in concrete andmortarshall conform t o ASTM
C150.Either type I or type II may be used, unless the purchaser specifies a particular type. Sampling and testing shall conform t o the designated individual ASTM
specifications. Unless otherwise specified, raw or calcined natural pozzolan or fly ash
may be used as a cement replacement for the concrete. If pozzolanic materials are
used, not less than 10 percent and not more than 20 percent of the cement, by
weight, may be replaced by pozzolanic material. The pozzolanic material shall conform t o ASTM (2618,except that loss on ignition shall not exceed 4 percent.
4.4.1.2Inspection Satisfactory facilities shall be providedfor
identifying,
inspecting, and sampling cement and pozzolan at the mill, warehouse, and site of
pipe manufacture. The purchaser shall have the right to inspect the cement and
pozzolan and obtain samples for testing at any of these points.
4.4.1.3Storage. Cement and pozzolan shall be stored in a watertight, dry,
well-ventilated structure.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

S T D O A W W A C302-ENGL L775
6

0783350 0504038 7T3

AWWA C302-95

4.4.1.4 Unusable. Cement or pozzolan containing lumps shall be rejected and

shall be removed immediately from the work site,
4.4.1.5 Temperature. If the temperature of the cement or pozzolan exceeds
150F (66'0, it shall be stored until cooled below that temperature.
4.4.2 Fine aggregate. Fine aggregate used in concrete and mortar shall consist
of natural sand or sand prepared from the product obtained by crushing stone or
gravel and shall comply with the requirements of ASTM C33. For the purpose of
qualifying a source of aggregate to be used in themanufacture of pipe, the apparent
specific gravity of fine aggregate, sampled in accordance with ASTM D75 and measured in accordance with ASTM C128, shall not be less than 2.6. Specific gravity
measurements and all other mandatory tests listed in ASTM C33 shall be made at
six-month intervals or whenever the source of fine aggregate is changed. Sieve
analysis of fine aggregate shall be performed in accordance with ASTM C33 on a
weekly basis. The provisions of Sec. 7.2 and Sec. 7.3 of ASTM C33 shall not apply.
4.4.3 Coarse aggregate. Coarse aggregate used in concrete shall consist of
hard, durable particles of crushed stone or crushed or uncrushed gravel and shall
conform to the requirements of ASTM C33. For the purpose of qualifying a source of
aggregate to be used in the manufacture of pipe, the apparent specific gravity of
coarse aggregate, sampled in accordance with ASTMD75 and measured in accordance with ASTM C127, shall not be less than 2.6. Specific gravity measurements
and all other mandatory tests listed in ASTM C33 shall be made at six-month intervals, or whenever the source of coarse aggregate is changed. Sieve analysis of coarse
aggregate shall beperformed in accordance with ASTM C33 on aweekly basis,
Coarse aggregate shall meet the deleterious substances requirements for class 3S,
3M, or 1N shown in Table 3 ofASTM C33 in the severe, moderate, and negligible
weathering regions, respectively shownin Figure 1of ASTM C33.
4.4.4 Water. The water used in concrete, cement mortar, and for curing pipe
shall conform to the applicable requirements of ASTM C94. The water maybe fresh
or recycled concrete process water and shall be free from injurious amounts of oil,
acid, strong alkalies, salts, and vegetable matter.
4.4.5 Admixtures. The concrete may contain a water-reducing, set-controlling
admixture conforming to ASTM C494.
No
admixture shall contain injurious
amounts of chlorides. Prior to the manufacture of pipe, thepurchaser shall be
advised of the type and amount of admixtures (if any), when required in the purchaser's specifications.
4.4.6 Steel for fittings.
4.4.6.1General. The steel used in the manufacture of cylinders for fittings
shall have a minimum yield strength equal t o or greater than twice the steel stress
used at working pressure, but not less than 30,000 psi (207 m a ) .
4.4.6.2 Steel sheets and coils. Steel sheets and coils shall have a minimum
elongation at rupture of 15 percent in a 2-in. (50-mm) gauge length and shall meet
the requirements of ASTM A570, ASTM A569, or ASTM A907.
A sample from a minimum of one coil or bundle per heat shall be tested for
yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation to verify compliance with
the applicable standards. At the pipe manufacturer's option, these tests may be performed by either the pipe manufacturer or the steel supplier.
The thickness of each coil or one sheet of each bundle shall be checked by the
pipe manufacturer for compliance with theapplicable standards.
4.4.6.3 Steel plates. Steel plates for fittings shall conform t o ASTM A283,
ASTM A285, or ASTM A36.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

REINFORCEDCONCRETE

PRESSURE PIPE

4.4.6.4 Steel bars.Flat steel bars shall conform to ASTMA663, grade 55;
ASTM A675, grade 60; ASTM A36; or AIS1 M1020.
4.4.7 Steel reinforcement.
4.4.7.1 Bars. Steel-bar reinforcement shall conform to ASTMA615, except
that the carbon content shall not exceed 0.30 percent as shown by heat analysis, and
the carbon equivalency shall be a maximum of 0.55 percent as determined by the
criteria specified in ASTM A706.
4.4.7.2Wire. Steel wireforreinforcement of concretepipe shall conform to
ASTM A82 or to ASTM A496. Wire used for ties may be annealed.
or for mortar
4.4.7.3 Wire fabric. Wire-fabric reinforcement for concrete pipe
coating and lining of fittings shall conform to ASTM A185 or ASTM A497.
4.4.8 Steel for jointrings.
4.4.8.1 General. The steel used in the manufacture of bell rings for pipe shall
have a minimum specified yield strength of 30,000 psi (207 MPa). The minimum
specified yield stress of the steel used in the manufacture of bell rings for fittings
shall be equal to or greater than twice the steel stress used at working pressure, but
not less than 30,000 psi (207 MPa). All joint-ring steel shall have a minimum elongation of 20 percent in a 2-in. (50-mm)gauge length.
4.4.8.2 Steel sheet and strips. Steel sheet and strips used for bell rings shall
meet the requirements of ASTM A570, ASTM A569, ASTM A659,or ASTM A907.
4.4.8.3 Steel plates and special sections. Special shapes for spigot joint rings
and steel plate for bell rings shall conform to ASTMA!283, grade B or C; ASTM
A575, grade M1012 or M1015;ASTMA663, grade 50; ASTMA576, grade 1012 or
1015; ASTM A635, grade 1012 or 1015; ASTM A675,grade 50; or ASTM A36.
4.4.9 Steel castingsforfittings.
Steel castings for fittings shall conform to
ASTM A27, grade 70-36, normalized.
4.4.10 Rubber for gaskets.
4.4.10.1 General. The gasket shall have smooth surfaces free from pitting,
blisters, porosity, and other imperfections. The rubber compound shall contain not
less than 50 percent by volume of synthetic polyisoprene or other synthetic rubber.
The remainder of the compound shall consist of pulverized fillers free from rubber
substitutes, reclaimed rubber, and deleterious substances. The compound shall meet
the following physical requirements when tested in accordance with the indicated
conditions and designated ASTM test methods.
4.4.10.2 Tensile strength. The tensile strength of the compound shall be at
least 2,700 psi (18.6 MPa) for synthetic polyisoprene rubber gaskets and 2,000 psi
(13.8 MPa) forother synthetic rubber gaskets when tested in accordance with ASTM
D412.
4.4.10.3 Elongation at rupture. The elongation at rupture shall be at least 400
percentfor synthetic polyisoprene rubber gaskets and 350percentfor other synthetic rubber gaskets when tested in accordance with ASTM D412.
4.4.10.4 Specific gravity. The specific gravity shall not vary more than k 0.05
within the range of 0.95 to 1.45 when tested in accordance with ASTM D297.
4.4.10.5 Compression set. The compression set, expressed as the percentage of
the original deflection, shall not exceed 20 percent. The compression set determination shall be made in accordance with ASTM D395, method B,with aging for 22 h at
158F (70C), with the exception that the disk shall be a V2-in. (12.7-mm) thick
section of the rubber gasket stock.
4.4.10.6 Tensile strength after aging. After being subjected to an accelerated
aging test for 96 h in air at 158F (70C) in accordance with ASTM D573, or in a

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

~~

STD*AWWA C302-ENGL

L775

0 7 8 3 3 5 0 05040110 551

AWWA C302-95

pressure chamber for 48 h at 158F(70C) in an oxygen atmosphere at 300 psi

(2,070 kPa) in accordance with ASTM D572, the tensile strength of the compound
shall be not less than 80 percent of the tensile strength before aging.
4.4.10.7 Hardness, The hardness shall be in the range of35-50 for concrete
spigots and 50-65 for steel spigots, determined using a Shore A durometer in accordance with ASTMD2240, with the exception of Sec.6 of that standard.The
determination shall be taken directly on the gasket.

Sec. 4.5 Design

4.5.1 General requirements.
4.5.1.1Sizes. Pipe shall be hrnished with interior diameters from12 t o
144 in. (300 to 3,660 mm).
4.5.1.2 Laying lengths. In general, pipe shall have a minimum nominal laying
length of 8 ft (2.5 m), unless shorter lengths are required by weight or other considerations. The maximum lengths shall be as indicated in Table 1.
4.5.1.3 Out-of-roundness and end squareness. Adequate means shall be used
as necessary t o restrict the out-of-roundness of the finished pipe at any transverse
section, measured as the difference between maximum and minimum diameters, to
within 1.0 percent of the average of these diameters. Pipe ends shall be square with
the centerline axis of the pipe within the tolerances stated in Table 2.
4.5.1.4 Diameter tolerances. Pipe shall beround, true, and have asmooth
interior surface. The mean internal diameter of any portion of each piece shall not
vary from the design diameter or size beyond those limits in Table 3.

Table 1 Maximum individual pipe length

Internal Size
in.

mm

12-18 inclusive
20-24 inclusive
27-30 inclusive
33-36 inclusive
39 and larger

300-460
5 10-6 10
690-760
840-910
990

Maximum Individual
Pipe Length
fi
m
12
3.6
16
4.8
18
5.4
20
6.1
24
7.5

Table 2 Pipe squareness tolerance

Internal Pipe Size
in.

300-910

12-36
3!%120
132-144

mm
990--3,050
3,350-3,660

Squareness Tolerance
in.
mm
f v4
f 3h
k

'/i!

f 6
f 10
f 13

NOTE: The pipe squareness tolerances are not applicable for pipe sections containing designed beveled ends.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

REINFORCED CONCRETE PRESSUREPIPE

Table 3 Internal diametertolerance

Internal Pipe Size
in.
990-1,220

12-36
39-48
54-72
278

mm
300-910
1,370-1,830
21,980

Diameter
Internal
in.

+v4
f 3/8
rt v 2

+ v4

Tolerance
mm

_+6
It 10
f 13
f 19

4.5.1.5 Wall tolerances. The minimum design thickness of pipe wall for each
size of pipe shall be as shown in Table 4.The thickness of walls shall be within the
tolerances as shown in Table 5.
4.5.2 Reinforcement of pipe. The reinforcement of the pipe shall consist of one
or more cages of welded steel hoops, helically wound steel bar or wire, or welded
wire fabric properly spaced and supported with longitudinal reinforcing. The minimum clear spacing between the circumferential reinforcing members shall be 14/4 in.
(30mm) or 143 times the maximum aggregate size, whichever is greater. The maximum center-to-center spacing of circumferential reinforcing members shall be 2 in.
(50 mm) for pipe with wall thicknesses less than 3 in. (75 mm). For pipe with wall
thicknesses 3 in. (75 m m ) or greater, the maximum center-to-center spacing shall be
three quarters of the wall thickness or 4 in. (100 mm), whichever is smaller. The
manufacturer shall submit designcalculations for approvalbefore manufacturing
any pipe if required in thepurchaser's specifications.
4.5.3 Joints.
4.5.3.1 General. The constructor shall submit details of the joints t o be furnished. The joints shall be of the round rubber-gasket type, using either a steel or
concrete bell-and-spigotjoint design or a concrete and steel double spigot-and-sleeve
joint design, unless the purchaser specifies a particular type. In either type, the
joints shall be designed and fabricated so that when the pipe is laid and the joint
completed, the gasket will be confined within a groove or by shoulders on the bell
and spigot. The gasket contact surfaces in the joint shall not cause cutting of the
rubber gasket during installation.
4.5.3.2 Joint design. The joint shall be watertight when tested a t a hydrostatic
pressure equal t o 120 percent of the working pressure when in a fullydeflected
position. The joint shall be designed so that the gasket will not be required to support the weight of the pipe.
4.5.3.3 Joints of concrete or concrete and steel. Joints formed entirely ofconcrete or that employ a steel sleeve shall be manufactured so that when the outer
surface of the spigot and the inner surface of the bell or sleeve are in contact at a
point on their periphery, the deformation in the stretched gasket shall not be less
than 15 percent.
4.5.3.4 Steel joint rings. If the joints employ steel bell-and-spigot joint rings or
a steel sleeve, the joint rings shall be designed and fabricated so that, when the pipe
is laid and jointed, the joint will be self-centering. Each ring shall be formed by one
or more pieces of steel, butt-welded together. Welds on gasket contact surfaces shall
be smooth and flush with the adjacent surfaces. Prior to shipment, the exposed
portions of the joint rings of the completed pipe shall be protected with a shopapplied, rust-inhibiting primer or metalized zinc coating.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

S T D - A W W A ~ 3 0 2 - E N G L1995 rn 0 7 ~ 3 3 5 00 5 0 ~ 1 4 2 3 2 4
10

AWWA C302-95

Table 4 Minimum w a l l thickness of pipe

Minimum
Wall Thickness*
in.
mm

Internal Pipe Size

in.
mm
~~

12
15
16
18
20

300
380
400
460
5 10

2
2
2 '48
2%
2 T8

51
51
54
57
60

21
24
27
30
33

530
6 10
690
760
840

2 T8
2 U2
2 54
2 34
2 78

60
64
67
70
73
76

36
39
42
48
54

9 10
990
1,070
1,220
1,370

3
3%
3 '42
4
4 U2

89
102
114

60
66
72
78
84

1,520
1,680
1,830
1,980
2,130

5
5 '42
6
6 '42
7

127
140
152
165
178

90
96
102
108
114

2,290
27440
2,590
2,740
2,900

7 '42
8
8 U2
9
9 '42

191
203
2 16
229
241

120
132
144

3,050
3,350
3,660

10
11
12

83

254
279
305

*Minimum wall thicknesses may not be adequate under some conditions of internal pressure or combined loads (refer to
AWWA Manual Mg).

Table 5 Wall thickness tolerances

Internal Pipe Size Range
in.
mm
10

21,980

300-9 12-36
39-48
54-72
278

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

990-1,220
1,370-1,830

Wall Thickness Tolerance

in.
mm
-U8
-v16
4 4

-3/8

-3
-5
-6
-10

~~

S T D - A W W A C302-ENGL L995

0783350 0501rOLI3 2b0

REINFORCED CONCRETE PRESSUREPIPE

11

4.5.3.4.1 Dimensions and tolerances. Steel joint rings shall be expanded by a

press beyond their elastic limits so they are accurately sized. On the finished pipe,
the circumference of the inside bell ring contact surface shall not exceed the circumference of the outside spigot ring contact surface by more than 3/16 in. (4.8 mm) for
gaskets 2V32 in. (16.7 mm) in diameter or less and ?4 in. (6.4 m m ) for larger gaskets.
For pipe diameters 48 in. (1,220 mm) and smaller, the maximum out-of-roundness of
either contact surface shall not exceed 3/16 in. (4.8 mm) or 0.7 percent of the average
of the maximum and minimum diameters, whichever is greater. The joint ring outof-roundness for 54-in. (1,370-mm) and larger pipe shall not exceed 0.5 percent of
the average of the maximum and minimum diameters or V2 in. (12.7 mm), whichever is less. The minimum thickness of the completedbell rings shall be 3/16 in.
(4.8 mm) for 36-in. (910-mm) and smaller pipe and V4 in. (6.4 m m ) for pipe larger
than 36 in. (910 mm). The rings shall conform to the details submitted by the manufacturer and shall be acceptable to the purchaser. The joint rings shall be designed
so that, when the pipe is laid and the joint completed, the gasket will be enclosed on
all four sides and confined under compression adequate to ensure watertightness
under the conditions of service. Burrs and sharp edges on the joint ring surfaces
contacting the gasket shall be smoothed or blunted.
4.5.4 Rubber gaskets.
4.5.4.1 General. Joints shall be sealed with a continuous solid-ring rubber gasket having a circular cross section with a diametral tolerance of f Vi4 in. (0.40 mm).
Gaskets shall be of sufficient volume to fill the recess provided when the pipe joint
is assembled, so that the gasket will be compressed to form a pressuretight seal.
The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon to make the joint watertight.
4.5.4.2 Splices. A maximum of two splices in each gasket shall be permitted
provided the length of gasket between splices is at least 24 in. (610 mm).
4.5.4.3 Testing of splices. Each splice in a completed gasket shall be checked
by stretching the gasket t o at least twice the original length of the gasket. Each
stretched splice shall be visually checked by rotating 360".Splices showing visible
separation or cracks shall be rejected.
4.5.4.4 Gasket storage. All gaskets shall be stored in a location that will minimize gasket exposure to moisture and high temperature. All gaskets shall be
protected from the direct rays of the sun. Gaskets shall not show any surf'ace crazing, cracking, or other evidence of deterioration.
Sec. 4.6 Fabrication

4.6.1 Workmumhip. All work shall beperformed in a thorough, professional

manner by workers skilled in their various trades. When a lower limit or minimum
dimension is given herein for a steel component, the minus tolerance (as stated in
the applicable ASTM specification) shall be applied t o define the true lower limit or
dimension.
4.6.2 Welder qualifiution. All welding operators shall be qualified under
ANSVAWS D1.l Structural Welding Code - Steel; or under Sec. IX of the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for welding P-No. 1(carbon or low-alloy) steels. For
the purpose of this standard, welders and welding operators qualified under Sec. IX
of the ASME Boiler and Pressure VesselCode to weldP-No. 1 steels shall be
deemedqualified t o weld any combination of steels listed in Sec.4.4.6 through
Sec. 4.4.9 of this standard. Each welding operator shall have certified or recertified
within the past three years.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

STD-AWWA C302-ENGL
12

L775

0783350 0509049 L T 7

AWWA C302-95

4.6.3 Fabrication of reinforcement cage.

4.6.3.1 Circumferential reinforcement. The circumferential reinforcement shall
be steel bar or wire in helical or hoop form, or welded wire fabric shaped and lap
welded or butt-welded into cages. The quality of the welds and welding procedures
shall be assured by testing a representative number of butt or lap welds to a test
stress of 40,000 psi (276 m a ) . Spacer bars, chairs, or other methods may be provided to maintain the circumferential reinforcement in proper position within the
forms during the placement and consolidation of the concrete. The positioners may
extend to the finished concrete surfacesof the pipe.
4.6.3.2 Longitudinal
reinforcement.
The circumferential reinforcement in
cages shall be accurately spaced and rigidly assembled by means of longitudinal
bars securely attached so that the cage is maintained in proper shape and position
during the casting of the pipe. Longitudinal reinforcement shall be uniformly spaced
around each cage and shall consist of at least four bars. Additional bars shall be
provided as necessary so that circumferential spacing between bars does not exceed
42 in. (1,070mm). Longitudinal bars may extend to either or both ends of the pipe
unitto form supports for holding the circumferential reinforcement in proper
position
4.6.3.3 Placement. Reinforcement shall beplaced so that the minimumdistance between the circumferential reinforcement and thesurface of the pipe shall be
1 in. (25 mm) when the wall thickness exceeds 3 in (75 mm); otherwise, the minimum distance shall be 3/4 in. (19 mm).
4.6.3.4 Cleaning steel surfaces. Before the concrete is placed, steel surfaces
shall be cleaned to remove looseor otherforeign matter that could interfere with the
bonding of the concrete.
4.6.4 Concrete for pipe.
4.6.4.1 General. The concrete in the pipe may beplacedby the centrifugal
method, by the vertical casting method, or byother approved methods.
4.6.4.2Proportioning. The proportions of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water used in concrete for pipe shall be determined and controlled as the
work proceeds to obtain homogeneous, workable concrete of specified strength in the
wall of the pipe and a minimum of defects in the surface of the pipe. At the time of
use, all aggregates shall be free of frozen material. The proportions shall be those
that will give the best overall results with the particular materials and method of
placement used for the work. A minimum of 560 lb (254kg) of cement shall be used
for each cubic yard (0.76 m3>of concrete. A percentage of the cement, by weight,
may be replaced with pozzolanic materials in accordance with Sec. 4.4.1.1. The
water-cementratioshall
be such as to ensure that the concretewill meet the
strength requirements, but in no case shall it exceed 0.5. The water-soluble chloride
ion (Cl-) content of the concrete mix, expressed as a percentage of the weight of
cement, shall not exceed 0.15percent.
4.6.4.3Measurements of materials. Cement shall be measured by weight.
Water for mixing shall be measured by volume or by weight. Concreteaggregates for
each batch shall be measured separately by weighing. The proportions of aggregates
shall be computed on the saturated, surface-dry basis, and the water-cement ratio
shall be exclusiveof water within theaggregates and absorbed by them. The equivalentunit weightsfor both fine and coarse aggregates shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM C29. The equipment and devices for weighingand measuring
shall at all times be accurate within 1 percent.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

REINFORCED CONCRETE PRESSUREPIPE

13

4.6.4.4 Mixing. Mixing time shall be consistent with the types of materials,
admixtures, and mixer being used. Transit mixing shall not be used except by written authorization and under Specified requirements of the purchaser. The
temperature of the mix shall be not less than 40F (4C) at the time of placemen',.
The temperature of the mix for vertically cast pipe shall not exceed 90F (32C) at
the time of placement, unless the recommendations contained in Hot Weather Concreting, as reported byACI* Committee305, are applied to control the effect of
temperature on the quality of the concrete. The temperature of the mix for centrifugally cast pipe shall not exceed 100F (38C)at thetime of placement.
4.6.4.5 Concrete test cylinders. A set of at least two standard test cylinders,
6 in. (150 mm) in diameter by 12 in. (300 mm) in length, shall be made each day
from the mixed concrete of each mix design placed that day. No fewer than two test
cylinders shall be made per 50 yd3 (38 m3) of concrete for each mix design placed in
a day, or two test cylinders per pipe, whichever requires the fewer cylinders, with
the exception that no more than six cylinders per day per mix shall be required to
verify the concrete strength requirements in Sec. 4.6.4.8. The concrete shall be Sampled in accordance with ASTM C172. Test cylinders shall be made in conformance
with ASTM C31. The curing methods for the test cylinders shall be the same as for
the pipe.
4.6.4.6 Centrifugal test cylinders. Centrifugally cast test cylinders may be
substituted for standard test cylinders, at the option of the manufacturer, when the
centrifugal method is used for making the pipe. Test cylinders shall be centrifugally
cast in 6-in.(150-mm) diameter by 12-in.(300-mm)long steel molds spun about
their longitudinal axes, at a speed that will simulate the compaction of concrete in
the pipe, to produce a spun-cylinder wall thickness of about 2 in. (50 mm). The
curing of the test cylinders shall be the same as for the pipe. The net concrete area
of the hollow cylinder shall be used to determine its compressive strength.
4.6.4.7 Testing cylinders. All test cylinders shall be tested in accordance with
ASTM C39by an approved testing laboratory, unless the manufacturer has approved testing facilities at thework site.
4.6.4.8 Strength of concrete. The design strength of concrete shall be not less
than 4,500 psi (31,000 kPa). Concrete test cylinders, as defined in Sec. 4.6.4.5, shall
attain a minimum compressive strength of 4,500 psi (31,000 Wa) in 28 days. Centrifugal test cylinders, as defined in Sec.
4.6.4.6,
shall attain a minimum
compressive strength of 6,000 psi (41,400 kPa)in 28days. Toconform t o the
requirements of this section, the average of any 10consecutive strength tests of
cylinders representing each type of concrete shall be equal to or greater than the
specified strength, and not more than 20 percent of the strength tests shall have
values less than the specified strength. Damaged cylinders shall not be tested. No
individual strength test shall be more than 10 percent below the specified strength.
Pipe made from concrete that does not meet the strength tests in accordance with
the foregoing shall be subject to rejection.
4.6.5 Curing of pipe.
4.6.5.1 General. Pipe shall be cured as specified in this section to obtain concrete strengths specified in Sec. 4.6.4.8. Unless otherwise specifically permitted, the
pipe shall be cured by the accelerated curing method described in Sec. 4.6.5.2, by the
water curing methoddescribed in Sec.4.6.5.3, or the combination curing method

*American Concrete Institute, 22400 W. Seven Mile Rd., Detroit, MI 48219.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

S T D - A W W A C30L"ENGL L775 E 0783350 0501104b T 7 T

14

AWWA C302-95

described in Sec. 4.6.5.4. Water curing, however, may only be used if the minimum
ambient temperature exceeds 40F (4C).
4.6.5.2 Accelerated curing. The pipe shall be placed in a curing facility or otherwise covered by a suitable enclosure that will allow proper circulation of air or
steam. Within 1 h of final placement of concrete in each enclosure, any exposed
concrete, including the surfaces at the top of vertically cast pipe, shall be kept moist
continuously, either by maintaining a moist environment surrounding the entire
pipe at a relative humidity of not less than 85 percent, or by the presence of free
water in contact with the exposed surfaces, The ambient temperature within the
enclosure shall not be less than 40F (4C). The ambient temperatureshall be
increased at a rate not to exceed 40F (22C)per hour, but shall not be raised above
95F (35C) by the introduction of heat before 4 h after final placement of concrete
in that enclosure. After the 4-h delayperiod, the ambient temperature shall be
maintained at a temperature between 90 and 125F (32 and 52C) for a minimum
period of 12 h (including the delay period), except for the time required to remove
the forms or end rings. The forms shall notberemoved
until the concrete has
attained a strength sufEcient to resist damage during the form-removal operation,
but in no case shall the forms be removed until 6 h after the completion of concrete
placement. The total cure, consisting of the delay period, the accelerated cure, and
the ambient-air cure, shall be sufficient to produce the concrete strength specified in
Sec. 4.6.4.8.
4.6.5.3 Water curing. Water curing shall begin as soon as the concrete has set
sufficiently t o prevent damage to the exposed concrete surfaces. All exposed concrete
surfaces shall then be kept moist by intermittent orcontinuous water spraying
throughout the water-curing period. Forms shall not be removed until the concrete
has attained a strength sufficient to resist damage during the form-removal operation, but in no case shall the forms be removed until 12 h after the completion of
concrete placement. The total cure, consisting of the water cure and the ambient-air
cure, shall be sufficient to produce the concrete strength specified in Sec. 4.6.4.8.
4.6.5.4 Combination curing. Curing of pipe may consist of any combination of
accelerated curing and water curing that will produce the concrete strengths specified in Sec. 4.6.4.8, except that only a single method of curing shall be used before
removing the forms.
4.6.6 Repair of Concrete. Defective concrete shall be removed t o the extent of
the defect. Concrete used for repairs shall have the same proportions as specified in
Sec.4.6.4.2. Repairs shall be cured as specified in Sec. 4.6.5, as applicable, or by
prompt application of a clear or pigmented curing compound conforming t o ASTM
C309. The curing compound used on the pipe interior shall be suitable for potable
water service. Repaired pipe shall not be shipped until completion of curing or for a
minimum period of 12 h following the application of the curing compound. Other
materials and methods of repair may be proposed by the manufacturer, all subject to
the approval of the purchaser.

Sec. 4.7 Fittings and Special Pipe

4.7.1 General. Fittings and special pipe shall include closures, adapters, connections to main-linevalves, bends, tees, wyes, reducers, restrained-joint pipe,
beveled pipe, short pipe, and pipe with outlets required for branches, manholes, air
valves, and blowoffs, as specified.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

STD-AWWA C302-ENGL

1775

0 7 8 3 3 5 0 05040Lt7 70b
REINFORCEDCONCRETE

15

PRESSUREPIPE

Fittings shall be fabricated of welded steel sheet or plate, and shall be lined
and coated with cement mortar. The mortar coating and lining shall be reinforced
with wirefabric as set forth in Sec. 4.7.2.2. Fittings shall conform to the details
furnished by the purchaser or, if required, to the details furnished by the manufarturer and approved by the purchaser.
4.7.2 Fittings.
4.7.2.1 Design. The circumferential steel stress used in the design of fittings
shall not exceed 16,500 psi (114 MPa) when the fitting is subjected to the working
pressure as defined in Sec. 3, item 13. If the centerline radius of a bend is less than
2% times the inside diameter of the pipe, the plate thickness, based on the maximum circumferential stress of 16,500 psi (114 MPa), shall be increased t o account
for the stress concentration on the inside radius of the bend. The minimum steel
sheet or plate thickness shall be as shown in Table 6 when supplemental structural
steel reinforcement is not used. Openings in fittings shall be reinforced by collars,
wrappers, or crotch plates if required by the design. Stiffener rings may be used to
increase the stiffness of fittings. Manufacturer's designs mayuse supplemental
external reinforcing cages.
4.7.2.2 Steel fabrication. The steel for the fabricated fittings shall be cut,
shaped, and welded so that the finished fittings shall have the required shape and
interior dimensions. Butt welding, lap welding, or offset lap welding shall be used.
The sheets shall beclosely fitted beforewelding and shall be f i d y held during
welding. The welds shall be inspected, and the completed steel shape shall be tested
for tightness by the dye-penetrant or other approved method. Welds that were previously hydrostatically tested need not be dye tested.
4.7.2.3 Mortar reinforcement. Fittings shall have wirefabricreinforcement
applied to the interior and exterior surfaces. The fabric shall have a maximum spacing of 2 in. by 4 in. (50 mm by 100 mm) and shall be a minimum W0.9 welded wire
fabric. The fabric shall be held approximately 318 in. (10 mm) from the surfaces of
the steel plate or within the middle third of the lining thickness for mortar less than
3 4 in. (19 mm) in thickness. Wire fabric reinforcement will not be required for concrete or mortar linings that are centrifugally placed.
4.7.2.4 Lining and coating. Steel plate fittings shall be lined and coated with
mortar or other protective coating material when mortaring is not feasible. Mortar
lining shall be of a thickness compatible with the pipe interior, but under no

Table 6 Minimum thickness of sheet or plate for fittings of various diameters

Range of Fittings Diamete?
in.
mm

1,680-1,910
2,210-2,440

12-2 1
24-36
39-48
5 1-63
66-75
78-84
87-96

300-530
6 10-9 10
990-1,220
1,300-1,600

Minimum Thickness of Sheet or Plate

in.
mm
4.6
6.4

1,980-2,130

O. 1345
0.1793
0.250
0.3125
0.375
0.4375
0.500
~

*For fittingslargerthan
purchaser.

96 in. (2,440 mm)indiameter,

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

3.4

7.9
9.5
11.1
12.7
~~~~~

minimum platethicknessshall

~~

be subject to approval by

16

AWWA C302-95

conditions shall the mortar lining be less than 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) thick. The exterior
mortar coating shall be at least 1 in. (25 mm) thick. Immediately before applying
the mortarlining or coating, all loose mill scale, excessive rust, oil, grease, and other
foreign substances shall be removed from all steel surfaces t o which the mortar is to
be applied. The mortar shall contain not less than one part cement t o three parts
fine aggregate of a grading suitable for the method of application used.
4.7.2.5 Curing. At the manufacturer's option, fittings shall be cured in accordance with Sec. 4.6.5 or by prompt application of a curing compound conforming to
ASTM C309. The curing compound used on the interior shall be suitable for potable
water service.
4.7.3 Curves, bends, and closures. Long-radiuscurves
and small angular
changes in pipe alignment shall be formed by deflecting joints, straight pipe with
beveled ends, bevel adapters, o r a combination of these. Pipe ends may be beveled
up t o 5". Short-radius curves and closures shall be formed by fittings. The deflection
angle between adjacent segments of a bend shall be not greater than 22%". Adjacent segments shall be joinedby lap or butt welding.
4.7.4 Outlets and connections on pipe. Openings for manholes and connections
for air valves, blowoffs, and other branches may be built into the walls of the pipe at
the locations required by the purchaser. Wall openings in pipe shall be reinforced
with collars, wrappers, or other approved means. The interior and exterior surfaces
of steel connections shall be lined and coated with mortar or other protective coating
material when mortaring is not feasible.

SECTION 5: VERIFICATION
Sec. 5.1 Inspection and Testingby the Purchaser
5.1.1 Znspection at manufacturer's plant. If inspection of the materials, pipe,
and fittings a t the manufacturer's plant is desired, the purchaser shall specify the
conditions under which the inspection shall be made. During inspection, the purchaser or the purchaser's representative shall have free access to those parts of the
manufacturer's plant that are necessary to assure compliance with this standard.
The manufacturer shall make available for the purchaser's use gauges that are necessary for inspection. The manufacturer shall provide the purchaser with assistance
as necessary for handling pipe and fittings.
5.1.2 Inspection of test reports. If required in the purchaser's specifications,
any of the reports of materials and manufacturing tests (underSec. 4.4 and Sec. 5.2)
shall be submitted to the purchaser.
5.1.3 Responsibility. Inspection by the purchaser or failure of the purchaser t o
provideinspection shall notrelieve the constructor or the manufacturer of the
responsibility to furnish materials and to performwork in accordance with this
standard.
5.1.4 Tests. Tests under Sec. 4.4 and Sec. 5.2 that the purchaser makes on
material samples, shall be conducted without delay. If any sample fails t o meet the
requirements, the manufacturer shall be notified immediately. Material affected by
the test results shall be set aside pending final disposition.
5.1.5 Rejection. Material, fabricated parts, and pipe that are discovered to be
defective or that do not conform to the requirements of this standard will be subject

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

S T D - A W W A C302-ENGL

1775

~~

0783350 0504047 787

REINFORCED CONCRETE PRESSUREPIPE

17

t o rejection. Rejected material and pipe shall be removed from the work site within
a reasonable period of time.

Sec. 5.2 Tests

5.2.1 Concrete. Samples of the mixed concrete shall be taken for making compression test cylinders as specified under Sec. 4.6.4.5and Sec. 4.6.4.6.
5.2.2 Steel. Applicable physical and chemical test reports on all steel used in
the manufacture of the pipe, including joint rings and reinforcing bars, shall be
obtained by the manufacturer. These test reports are designated in the applicable
material standards referenced in Sec. 4.4.At the manufacturer's option, these may
be mill test reports or the pipe manufacturer's test reports.
5.2.3 Steel specimens. If required in the purchaser's specifications, the manufacturer shall provide the purchaser test specimens cut from each shipment of steel
on all steel used in the manufacture of the pipe, including joint rings and reinforcing, a t a frequency specified by the purchaser.
5.2.4 Rubber for gaskets. Test reports showing the physical properties of rubber used inthe gaskets, as specified in Sec. 4.4.10, shall be obtained by the
manufacturer.
5.2.5 Welds in reinforcement. Samples of welds in reinforcingrods or bars
inthe purchaser's
shall be tested for conformance with Sec. 4.6.3 ifrequired
specifications.
5.2.6 Calibration of testequipment. All instrument gauges and other testing
and measuring equipment used in activities affecting quality shall be of proper
range, type, and accuracy to verify conformance with specified requirements. Procedures shall be in effect to ensure that they are calibrated and certified at no longer
than annual intervals. Calibration shall be against measurement standards that
have known relationship to National Standards, when such exist. Gauges must be
calibrated and certified forthe piece of equipment of which they are a part.
Sec. 5.3 Testing of Pipe

5.3.1 General. Internal pressure tests of pipe at the manufacturer's yard will
not be required unless they are specifically ordered by the purchaser, as provided for
in the purchaser's specifications. The number of tests, type of tests, and specific
conditions of acceptance or rejection shall be as specified by the purchaser. Following are suggestedprocedures for hydrostatic pressure tests on fullycured and
surface-dry pipe.
5.3.2 Hydrostatic pressure tests. Hydrostatic pressure tests on pipe and joints
may be made together. The test section shall have suitable bulkheads attached to
the ends and shall be filled with water and permitted to stand under a pressure up
to working pressure for a period not exceeding two weeks. The pressure shall be
gradually increased until it reaches 120 percent of the working pressure for which
the pipe is designed. It shall be kept under the test pressure for at least 20 min
without cracking, and no measurable leakage shall develop during the test period.
Damp spots or water drops developing on the surface of the pipe and that remain on
the surface shall not be considered as leakage and cause for rejection. Those drops
that drip from the pipe and can be measured willbeconsidered
as leakage and
cause for rejection. However, if this leakage can be proven to seal and dry on retesting, then the pipe shall be considered acceptable. The joint shall show no leakage at
the test pressure.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

~~

STD-AWWA C302-ENGL

18

L995

0 7 8 3 3 5 0 0509050 9 T O

AWWA C302-95

SECTION 6: DELIVERY
Sec. 6.1 Marking
Each length of straightand special pipe andeachfittingshall
be plainly
marked inside, on the bell or spigot end. The markings shall include either the
pressure forwhich the pipe or fitting is designed or the area of circumferential
reinforcement per unit length of pipe wall. Special marks of identification, sufficient
to show the proper location of the pipe or fitting in the line by reference to layout
drawings and schedules specified under Sec. 4.3.2,shall be placed on the pipe if a
tabulated layout schedule is required in the purchaser's specifications. All beveled
pipe shall be marked with the amount of the bevel, and the point of maximum pipe
length shall be marked on the beveled end. If elliptical reinforcement is used, the
minor axis of the reinforcement shall be identified. Markings shall be made on the
pipe with awaterproof marking material.

Sec. 6.2 Transportation

Refer to AWWA Manual M9 for information on transportation of reinforced
concrete pipe.

Sec. 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance

The purchaser may require an aff--davit from the manufacturer that the pipe
and fittings furnished under the purchaser's specifications comply with all applicable provisions of this standard.

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

1 P-8.5M-43302-11/95-RM

COPYRIGHT American Water Works Association

Licensed by Information Handling Services

Printed on recycled paper.