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Disorder
By: Retnayu Pradanie
Consideration
The tongue is mainly composed of muscles. It is
covered with a mucous membrane. Small bumps
(papillae) cover the upper surface of the tongue.
Between the papillae are the taste buds, which
allow you to taste. The tongue moves food to
help you chew and swallow.
The tongue also helps you form words.
There are many different reasons for changes in
the tongue's function and appearance
Peran Lidah:
pengunyahan makanan di dalam rongga mulut,
proses menelan,
artikulasi (bicara), dan
pengecapan karena mengandung papil pengecap pada
permukaan lidah yang mengandung sel-sel pengecap dan saraf
pengecap.
Suatu zat hanya dapat dinikmati rasanya jika larut dalam air ludah.
Melalui pori pengecap suatu zat dapat mencapai sel-sel pengecap
dan mempengaruhi ujung-ujung sel-sel pengecap dan sesudahnya
melalui serabut-serabut saraf akan menghasilkan respons saraf
sehingga seseorang dapat merasakan rasa makanan (mengecap).
The Organs of
Taste
Figure 16.1a, b
TASTE BUDS
TASTE BUDS: are the sense organs that respond to gustatory (taste)
stimuli
PAPILLAE: are the small elevated projections on the tongue
Fungiform , circumvallate , and foliate papillae contain taste
buds
Filiform papillae do not contain taste buds but allow us to
experience food texture and feel
It was once thought that the taste buds of the tongue were locat ed
in specific regions (bitter in the posterior portion and sweet a t the
anterior portion) HOWEVER, this is NOT TRUE.
There is no known taste map all tastes can be detected in all
areas of the tongue that contain taste buds.
Faktor2 yg mempengaruhi
kemampuan mengecap:
Banyaknya papil pengecap dan sel
pengecap
Gerakan lidah (msal: gg. Gerak lidah
pada px stroke)
Banyaknya air ludah
Gangguan
Gangguanpada
padahal2
hal2tersebut
tersebut
Sering
Seringdialami
dialamioleh
olehlansia
lansia
The Gustatory
Pathway
Taste Disorder
Dysgeusia (altered sense of taste)
the system may misread and or distort an odor, a taste, or a
flavor. Or a person may detect a foul taste from a substance tha t
is normally pleasant tasting.
Causes
Causes
The most common causes of taste disorders are
Certain medications (anti -thyroid, zinc preparations, antibiotics,
neurologic drugs and others)
Chemotherapy or radiation treatment
Aging (decreased ability to taste and smell)
Medical conditions (Bells Palsy, Parkinsons Disease, diabetes, GERD
and others)
Injuries to the mouth, nose or head
Poor oral hygiene
Fungal infections on the tongue or in the mouth area
Head and neck cancers
Symptoms
People who have taste disorders usually lose
their ability to taste or can no longer perceive
taste in the same way
The most common taste complaint is "phantom
taste perception" -- tasting something when
nothing is in the mouth.
a specific ageusia of one or more of the five
taste categories: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and
umami, or savory.
How to diagnose?
Prognosis
How long dysgeusia lasts depends on
the cause. Sometimes the problem
disappears once the cause is removed.
This can occur if the cause is gum
disease, plaque, a medicine you are
taking for a short time or a short -term
condition such as a cold.
If the cause is a yeast infection, the
dysgeusia should disappear after the
yeast infection is properly treated. In
some cases for example, if nerves
have been damaged the dysgeusia
may be permanent.
Prevention
Practice good oral hygiene,
keep up to date with your dental
appointments,
tell your doctor if you notice any problems
with your sense of taste.
Avoid contact with insecticides and
solvents
Quit smoking
Treatment
dysgeusia is treated by treating the cause.
If no cause can be found, this is called "idiopathic
dysgeusia." It's hard to say what the outlook for this
condition will be. In some cases, idiopathic dysgeusia
may go away on its own. In others, it will not. It is
important to be evaluated so that the known causes of
dysgeusia can be ruled out.
Tongue Disorder
Injury
Traumatic injury is the most common cause of
tongue discomfort.
The tongue has many nerve endings for pain
and touch and is more sensitive to pain than
most other parts of the body.
The tongue is frequently bitten accidentally but
heals quickly. A sharp, broken filling or tooth can
do considerable damage to this delicate tissue.
Hairiness
An overgrowth of the normal projections on the
top of the tongue (villi) can give it a hairy
appearance.
The tongue may also appear hairy after a fever,
after antibiotic treatment, or when peroxide
mouthwash is used too often.
These "hairs" on the top of the tongue should
not be confused with hairy leukoplakia. Hairy
leukoplakia forms on the side of the tongue and
is characteristic of AIDS.
Discoloration
Discomfort
Asuhan Keperawatan
Anamnesa
Pemeriksaan Fisik
Pemeriksaan fisik pada lidah
Warna: merah, putih, kuning, hitam, pucat
Bentuk: pembengkakan, luka, benjolan,
simetris atau tidak, tekstur,
Pergerakan lidah
Produksi air ludah
Kelembaban mukosa
Diagnosa Keperawatan
Perubahan sensori-persepsi: pengecapan b.d gangguan
resepsi/transmisi/integrasi sensori sekunder terhadap
proses penuaan/ penyakit pada sistem persyarafan/ efek
medikasi
Resiko nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh b.d penurunan
nafsu makan sekunder terhadap
disgeusia/ageusia/hipogeusia
Resiko penatalaksanaan regimen terapeutik inefektif b.d
gangguan stimulus sensori rasa
Cemas b.d kurang pengetahuan
Thank You