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ASSIGNMENT SOLUTIONS GUIDE (2014-2015)

E.S.-342
xf.kr v;;u
(Teaching of Mathematics)
Disclaimer/Special Note: These are just the sample of the Answers/Solutions to some of the Questions given in the
Assignments. These Sample Answers/Solutions are prepared by Private Teacher/Tutors/Auhtors for the help and Guidance
of the student to get an idea of how he/she can answer the Questions of the Assignments. We do not claim 100% Accuracy
of these sample Answers as these are based on the knowledge and cabability of Private Teacher/Tutor. Sample answers
may be seen as the Guide/Help Book for the reference to prepare the answers of the Question given in the assignment. As
these solutions and answers are prepared by the private teacher/tutor so the chances of error or mistake cannot be denied.
Any Omission or Error is highly regretted though every care has been taken while preparing these Sample Answers/
Solutions. Please consult your own Teacher/Tutor before you prepare a Particular Answer & for uptodate and exact
information, data and solution. Student should must read and refer the official study material provided by the university.

iz'u 1- ek;kfed Lrj ij xf.kr f'k{k.k osQ y{;ksa rFkk ms';ksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
mkjfo|ky; dh ikB~;p;kZ esa xf.kr dh vko';drk vkSj ego
xf.kr fo|kFkhZ dks lekt esa vPNk ukxfjd cuus dh fn'kk esa ,d egoiw.kZ vkSj fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA bl fo"k; dk
tUe euq"; dh cqfu;knh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus osQ fy, gh gqvk gSA vr% ;g LowQy ikB~;e dk ,d vR;Ur egoiw.kZ vkSj
vko';d fo"k; gSA
lkekftd i{k
1- ,d lkekU; thou thus osQ fy, Lo;a dks ekStwnk ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ lkFk lek;ksftr djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA vkt
gekjk lkekftd vfLrRo iwjh rjg ls oSKkfud vkSj rduhdh Kku }kjk fu;af=kr gS ftlosQ fy, xf.kr ,d egoiw.kZ Hkwfedk
fuHkkrk gSA oqQN lkekU; 'kCn] tSlsdher] nj] NwV] cV~Vk] nykyh] ykHk vkSj gkfu] C;kt] 'ks;j fodkl nj] mRiknu]
forj.k bR;kfn xf.kr 'kCnkoyh osQ 'kCn gSa tks lkekU; thou esa eq[; :i ls ;ksx esa yk, tkrs gSaA
2- xf.kr roZQ'kfDr ij vk/kfjr fo"k; gSA ;g leqfpr tkudkjh ,oa blosQ vuq;ksxksa }kjk fo|kFkhZ thou dh futh leL;kvksa
dks Hkh viuh rkdd 'kfDr ,oa lgtcks/ }kjk lqy>krk gSA
3- fofHkUu O;oLFkkvksa dks lh[kus osQ fy, xf.krh; dkS'ky dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tSlsokLrqdkj dks T;kfefr dkS'ky dh
vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj jlk;u'kkL=kh dks fofHkUu ekiu fof/;ksa esa dkS'ky dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
4- ;g lR; gh dgk x;k gS fd xf.kr lH;rk dk vkbZuk gSA ;g la;ksx ugha gS fd egku ;wukuh xf.krK gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk
egku Hkw&'kkL=kh vkSj dykdkj Hkh FksA fdlh Hkh ns'k dh le`f vkSj lkaLfrd fodkl esa xf.kr eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA
5- fl xf.krKksa }kjk dh xbZ [kkstksa us vusd jgL; lqy>kdj va/fo'oklksa dks lekIr fd;k gSA
xf.krh; i{k
1- xf.krh; Kku O;fDr fo'ks"k dh ckSfd {kerk osQ fodkl esa enn djrk gSA xf.kr dk v;;u gh ms';iw.kZ lksp] leL;k
dk fo'ys"k.k] ,dkxzrk] fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk] O;oLFkk osQ xq.k vkfn dks c<+krk gSSA
2- fo'oluh;rk] 'kqrk] pj.kcrk xf.kr dh Hkk"kk osQ mTToy :i dks mtkxj djrs gSaA 'kqrk vkSj mfpr xfr ls leL;k
dks gy djus dh {kerk Hkh xf.krh; v;;u dh fo'ks"krk gSA
3- xf.kr fuEufyf[kr :i ls gekjh lgk;rk djrk gS
(i) vuqeku rFkk lfUudVhdj.k ls lacaf/r vo/kj.kkvksa dks le>us esa]
(ii) fofHkUu lw=kksa ,oa fu;eksa dks cukus esa]
(iii) lkj.kh ,oa fofHkUu dkj osQ fp=kksa dk voyksdu djosQ kIr tkudkjh fu"d"kZ fudkyus esaA

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xf.kr osQ ;ksx

1- xf.kr dh vko';drk ge viuh fnup;kZ dh 'qk#vkr ls gh eglwl djrs gSaA vius dZkO;ksa dks l{kerk ls iwjk djus osQ
fy, lgh le; ij tkxuk t:jh gSA bu lcosQ fy, ekiu .kkyh dh t:jr gS] tks osQoy xf.kr osQ ek;e ls gh iwjh
gksrh gSA
2- ,d x`fg.kh dks Hkh ?kj dh ns[kHkky osQ fy, xf.kr dh t:jr gksrh gSA tSls?kjsyw ctV] fofHkUu dkj osQ [kpks dk
fglkc j[kuk vkfnA
3- euq"; ftl lH;rk esa jgrk gS vFkok ftl laLfr ij xoZ eglwl djrk gS] mlosQ fodkl osQ fy, oSKkfud vkSj
lkekftd flkarksa dks le>uk vko';d gS] tks xf.krh; flkar ij fuHkZj djrs gSaA vr% vk/qfud lekt dh xfr dks
mlosQ xf.kr Kku osQ p{kq ls ns[k ldrs gSaA
4- xf.kr ls lacaf/r 'u vkSj oxZ igsfy;k u fliZQ cPpksa dks vkuUn dh vuqHkwfr djkrh gSa] cfYd muosQ vUnj pqukSfr;ksa ls
lkeuk djus dh {kerk Hkh fodflr djrh gSaA
5- fofHkUu T;kferh; vo/kj.kk,] tSlsle:irk] lekurk] js[kk] fcanq vkfn xf.kr osQ dyk laca/h vkSj lkSUn;Zcks/ osQ xq.k dks
n'kkZrh gSaA

ms';ksa dk fu/kZj.k
xf.kr f'k{k.k osQ ms';ksa dk lgh :i esa fu/kZj.k fd;k tk, rks os ;g Kkr djus esa enn djrs gSa fd D;k i<+kuk pkfg,] oSQls
i<+kuk pkfg, vkSj ewY;kadu dh D;k ifr gks\ xf.kr f'k{k.k dk ms'; oqQN fu/kZfjr y{;ksa esa foHkDr djuk pkfg, ftlesa
f;kiw.kZ vf/xe fLFkfr;k nku djus osQ lkFk&lkFk O;kogkfjd ego dh fLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus dh mi;qDr {kerk Hkh gksA
oqQN eq[; vk/kj fuEufyf[kr gSa
(i) xf.kr f'k{k.k osQ y{; o ms'; jk"Vh; uhfr osQ vuqlkj gkas] rkfd lkekftd ,oa lkaLfrd fo'ks"krk, frfcfEcr gksaA
(ii) ubZ fopkj/kjk, ,oa fo"k;oLrq o .kkyh esa okafNr ifjorZu Hkh ms';ksa osQ fu/kZj.k dk vk/kj gksuk pkfg,A
(iii) mfpr vf/xe f;kvksa dks fo|kFkhZ osQ O;ogkj vk/kfjr gksuk pkfg,A buosQ N% eq[k oxZ gSa
1- Kku
2- n{krk
3- vuq;ksx
4- ewY;kadu
5- mikxe
6- pfj=k
bu ms';ksa osQ fu/kZj.k esa ;g ;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd ms'; dk rkRi;Z D;k gS rFkk mudh kfIr osQ fy, fo|kFk;ksa dks D;k
djuk pkfg,A ;s fo|kFkhZ osQ fodkl osQ Lrj osQ vuq:i gksa rFkk mUgsa O;ogkj ifjorZu dh vksj ys tk,A
iz'u 2- xf.kr f'k{k.k esa vkxeukRed vkSj fuxeukRed fofk;ksa esa vUrj Li"V dhft,A
mkj

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vkxeu rFkk fuxeu fof/ dh rqyuk

(Comparison of Inductive & Deductive Method)

vkxeu fof/
1- bl fof/ }kjk fo|kFkhZ dk viuk Kku gksrk gS rFkk ckyd dh
f'k{kk vkSj fodkl dh n`f"V ls mi;ksxh gSA mnkgj.kkas osQ fujh{k.k
osQ vk/kj ij fo|kFkhZ dk fu;ehdj.k] lkekU;hdj.k] lw=k
fu/kZj.k dj vH;kl Lo;a gks tkrk gSA
2- fo|kFkhZ Lo;a fu;e O;qRiUu djrk gSA vr% mUgsa og
Hkwyrk ughaA ;fn Hkwy Hkh tk, rks vklkuh ls iqu#Riknu
dj ldrk gSA
3- ;g euksoSKkfud fof/ gSA bls Nk=k vR;Ur #fp ls djrs gSa
rFkk vius ifj.kke Lo;a fudkyrs gSaA

fuxeu fof/

1- blesa rF; Nk=k dks crk fn, tkrs gSaA mUgha osQ vk/kj og vkxs
c<+rk gSA ;g roZQ'kfDr dh vis{kk n{krk dk fodkl djrh gS

2- fu;e fo|kFkhZ dks jVus iM+rs gSaA blesa Lej.k 'kfDr egoiw.kZ gksrh
gSA ;fn Nk=k rF; dks Hkwy tk, rks dksbZ pkjk ughaA
3- ;g fof/ vizR;{k gSA Nk=kksa dks fu;e igys gh crk fn,
tkrs gSa vkSj mUgsa mu fu;eksa o lw=kksa osQ vk/kj ij gh leL;k,a gy
djuh gksrh gSA

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vkxeu fof/
4- ;g fof/ furkUr ekSfyd ,oa jpukRed gSA
5- ;g fof/ Nk=k osQfUr gSA v;kid osQoy lgk;rk
djrk gSA
6- blesa Nk=k ^fo'ks"k ls lkekU;* dh vksj o ^LFkwy ls lw{e* dh
vksj c<+rk gSA
7- ;g fof/ NksVh d{kkvksa osQ fy, vf/d mi;ksxh gS D;ksafd
ikB~;e de gksrk gS vkSj Nk=k lh[kus dh vkjfEHkd
voLFkk esa gksrk gSA
8- ;g fof/ Nk=k }kjk [kkst vkSj vUos"k.k dks c<+kok nsrh gSA
thou osQ izfr pkgs vizR;{k :i ls gh lgh] LoLFk
n`f"Vdks.k dk fodkl gksrk gSA
9- ;g Nk=k dks izR;sd leL;k dk gy djus osQ fy, rS;kj
djuk gS pkgs Nk=k mlosQ laca/ esa igys ls voxr u gksA
10- eUncqf o vkSlr Nk=k osQ fy, cgqr mi;ksxh gSA muesa
xf.kr osQ izfr LoLF; n`f"Vdks.k dk fodkl gksrk gSA

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fuxeu fof/
4- ;g leL;k&lek/ku ij cy nsrh gSA
5- ;g fof/ v;kid osQfUr gSA Nk=k dh Hkwfedk
xkS.k gks tkrh gSA
6- ;g fof/ ^lkekU; ls fo'ks"k* dh vksj rFkk ^lw{e ls LFkwy* dh
vksj c<+rh gSA
7- cM+h d{kkvksa esa izR;sd rF; osQ vkxeu djus dk le; ugha
gksrkA nh?kZ ikB~;e osQ dkj.k fuxeu fof/ T;knk mi;ksxh
gksrh gSA
8- vkRe&vUos"k.k dh dksbZ lEHkkouk ughaA Nk=k dks ijkfJr jguk
fl[kkrh gSA
9- ;fn lw=k Kkr u gks rks Nk=k vlgk; gks tkrk gSA
10- cqfeku Nk=kksa osQ fy, vf/d ykHknk;d gSA bl fof/ osQ
dkj.k dbZ ckj vkSlr o eUncqf Nk=k esa xf.kr osQ iz f r
,d Hk; iSnk gks tkrk gSA
11- bl fof/ esa le; dh cpr gksrh gSA

11- bl fof/ esa Je vkSj le; dh vR;f/d vko';drk gksrh gSA

12- ;g yEch fof/ gS vkSj izk;% blosQ }kjk ikB~;e iwjk djuk
vlEHko gksrk gSA
13- ;g fof/ Nk=kksa esa oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k dk fodkl djrh gS
vkSj vkRefo'okl c<+krh gSA
14- bl fof/ ls Nk=k dh ftKklkvksa dh iwfrZ gks tkrh gSA
lh[kh xbZ oLrq mldh viuh gks tkrh gSA mldks ^D;ksa*
vkSj ^oSQls* dk gy Lor% fey tkrk gSA lw{e fujh{k.k
'kfDr dk fodkl gksrk gSA
15- fo|kFkhZ rF;ksa osQ ckjs esa foLrkj ls Kku ysrk gSA fo"k;
mlosQ fy, gkSok ugha jg tkrkA

12- rhoz xfr osQ dkj.k ikB~;e le; ij iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gS
vkSj iqujko`fk osQ fy, Hkh le; jgrk gSA
13- ;g ekSfydrk dh vis{kk vuqdj.k ij cy nsrh gSA
14- iwoZKku dke esa ugha vkrkA lh[kus dh izf;k vf/drj Lej.k
'kfDr ij fuHkZj gSA

15- vf/dka'k lw=kksa osQ mn~xe vkSj miifk osQ fo"k; esa Nk=k dHkh
tku ugha ikrkA

iz'u 3- xf.kr v;kid osQ :i esa vius izHkkoh f'k{k.k esa lgk;d lkexzh osQ ego dks vuqHko fd;k gksxkA vkiosQ }kjk
iz;ksx dh x;h fdUgha nks ,slh lkexzh dk mYys[k dhft, rFkk crkb, fd f'k{k.k&vfkxe esa mudh izHkkfork dk ewY;kadu
vkius oSQls fd;k\
mkjf'k{k.k lkexzh rFkk lgk;d lkexzhlcls egoiw.kZ ,oa lcls vf/d mi;ksx esa vkus okyh f'k{k.k lkexzh ';keiV~V ,oa
iqLrosaQ gSaA ';keiV~V ,d ydM+h dk iV~Vk gksrk gS ftldks dkys jax ls jxk tkrk gS ,oa bl ij v;kid }kjk pkWd (lisQn jax) ls
fy[kdj iwjh d{kk dks ,d lkFk ikB i<+k;k tkrk gSA izR;sd d{kk esas de&ls&de ,d ';keiV~V t:j gksrk gS ,oa fo|kFkhZ mlosQ lkeus
cSBrs gSaA ekiu ;a=k] jaxhu pkVZ] n`';&JO; lkexzh lEizs"k.k] tSlsfiQYe fLVi] LykbM bR;kfn vU; f'k{k.k lkexzh gSa] ftudh lgk;rk
ls /kj.kkvksa dks Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkze.k rFkk izn'kZuh dk vk;kstu Hkh fo|kFkhZ esa xf.kr osQ izfr #fp mRiUu djrk gSA
drq f'k{k.k lkexzh dk p;u djus ls igys v;kid dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh vk;q] ekufld {kerk] fo"k;oLrq vkfn dks ;ku esa j[kuk
pkfg,A v;kid dks f'k{k.k lkexzh osQ iz;ksx dh Hkh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,A /u dh miyC/rk Hkh f'k{k.k lkexzh dk p;u djus esa
eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA
xf.kr f'k{k.k osQ fy, iz;ksx'kkyk fofkxf.kr ,d ,slk fo"k; gS tks i<+us ls ugha cfYd djus ls lh[kk tkrk gSA xf.kr dks
djosQ lh[kus osQ fy, fdlh ;ksX; fof/ rFkk LFkku dh t:jr gSA iz;ksx'kkyk fof/ rFkk xf.kr iz;ksx'kkyk ;gh t:jr iwjh djrs gSaA
iz;ksx'kkyk fof/ ekxZn'kZu djrh gSA ;g f;k }kjk lh[kus] izs{k.k }kjk lh[kus rFkk LFkwy ls lw{e dh vksj tkus osQ flkarksa ij vk/kfjr
gSA ,d izdkj ls rks ;g vkxefud fof/ dk gh foLrkj gS vkSj mldk gh foLr`r rFkk iz;ksfxd :i gSA fo|kfFkZ;kas dk dk;Z osQoy ;ku
ls lquus rd gh lhfer ugha] mUgksaus oqQN iz;ksfxd :i esa Hkh djuk gS] flkar [kkstuk gS] lk/kj.k :i esa fy[kuk vkSj fu;eksa dks fl
djuk gSA ;fn bl fof/ dk Bhd mi;ksx gks tk, rks og xf.kr osQ lw{e :i dks LFkwy esa cnyus esa lgk;rk nsxh] D;ksafd bl fof/
esa [ksy rFkk f;k dk esy gS blfy, ;g fo"k; osQ v;kiu dks #fpdj cukrh gSA
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xf.kr iz;ksx'kkyk osQ midj.k (Equipments of a Laboratory)

1- iQhrknwjh ekius osQ fy,A
2- LykbfMax iSekukxq.kk djus vkSj Hkkx djus osQ fy,A
3- lery djus dk ;U=kA
4- lekuqikr esa ckaVus ,oa ekius dk ijdkjA
5- dks.k dh nwjh ekius dk ;U=kA
6- dksf.kd niZ.kA
7- x.kuk djus dk ;U=kA
8- T;kfefr ckWDlA
9- xf.krh; ;U=k] tSlspkVZ] ekWMy] dkMZ cksMZ] ';keiV~V] xzkiQ isij] cqysfVu cksMZ] fiusa] Hkkj rksyus dk ;U=k vkfnA
10- egku xf.krKksa dh rLohjsa rFkk ,slh rLohjsa tks xf.kr dh #fp dks c<+krh gksa ;k xf.kr osQ Lo:i dks n'kkZrh gSaA
11- vyx&vyx jaxksa osQ pkWdA
iz;ksx'kkyk fof/ dk iz;ksx oSQls djsa\ (How to use Laboratory Method?)
1- ,d f=kHkqt esa rhu dks.kksa dk ;ksx nks ledks.k gksrk gSfo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vyx&vyx dkxt osQ VqdM+s f=kHkqt osQ vkdkj osQ nhft,A
vc mUgsa bu f=kHkqtksa osQ dks.kksa dks eki dj dkWih ij fy[kus dks dgk tk,A vc v;kid bu ekiksa dks ';keiV~V ij fy[ksA vc fo|kFkhZ
;g uksV djsaxs fd gj f=kHkqt esa rhuksa dks.kksa dk tksM+ nks ledks.k gksrk gSA
2- vk;r dk {ks=kiQy fudkyus osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr fof/ viukbZ tk,xhv;kid cPpksa dks ,d xks dh vk;r ysus dks
dgsxk vkSj mldh yEckbZ&pkSM+kbZ ekius dks dgsxkA eku yks ;g 7 le ,oa 5 le gSA rc v;kid cPpksa dks yEckbZ dks 7 leku Hkkxksa
esa vkSj pkSM+kbZ dks 5 cjkcj Hkkxksa esa ckaVus dks dgsxk vkSj vc og nksckjk bUgha fcUnqvkasa ls lekukUrj js[kk,a] yEckbZ vkSj pkSM+kbZ dh] rjiQ
[khapus dks dgsxkA vc cPpksa ls bu NksVs oxks esa ls fdlh ,d oxZ dk {ks=kiQy fudkyus dks dgk tk,xk tks fd ,d oxZ le gksxk
,oa 35 oxks dk {ks=kiQy 35 le gksxkA
bl izdkj fHkUu&fHkUu vkdkj osQ vk;rkdkj xks osQ VqdM+s ysdj fo|kFkhZ bl iz;ksx dks nqgjk ldrs gSaA bl rjg fo|kFkhZ bl fu"d"kZ
ij igaqprs gSa
,d vk;r dk {ks=kiQy = yEckbZ pkSM+kbZ
3- o`k osQ ?ksjs vkSj o`k osQ O;kl esa vuqikr fudkyus osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr fof/ viukbZ tk,xhv;kid cPpksa ls dgsxk
,d xks dk o`k ysa ftldk O;kl 70 lseh- gS] bldks ?kqekus ij ,d pDdj iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA vc bl jkLrs (?ksjs) dh yEckbZ
ekih tks fd 220 lseh- gSA rqe ikvksxs fd ?ksjs vkSj O;kl dk vuqikr lnSo leku gh gksxkA
bl izdkj vkSj mnkgj.k fy, tk ldrs gSa tSls fd ,d f=kHkqt dk {ks=kiQy fudkyuk] ,d lekukUrj prqHkZqt dh fo'ks"krk, tkuuk
vkfnA
xq.k (Merits)
1- fo|kFkhZ ikB osQ fo"k; eas vf/d tkusaxs] D;ksafd tc okLro esa os LFkwy phtksa dks Lo;a mi;ksx esa yk,axs rks ;g Kku vf/d
mi;ksxh gksxkA
2- D;ksafd fo|kFkhZ gj le; izk;ksfxd dke djus esa eXu jgrs gSa] vkSj muosQ fnekx igys ls iz;ksx djus vkSj urhtk tkuus esa Mwcs
jgrs gSa blfy, vuq'kklughurk dh dksbZ leL;k ugha gksrhA
3- ;g fof/ i<+us osQ fy, vH;kl] fp=k] uD'ksa] rLohjsa vkfn cukus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA
4- izk;ksfxd dke ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa dbZ vPNh vknrsa iSnk gksrh gSa_ tSlslgdkfjrk] lk/u;qDrrk] usr`Ro] LokfHkeku] lR;rk] bZekunkjh
vkfn tks fd fo|kFkhZ dh izfrfnu dh ftUnxh esa ykHkdkjh gksrk gSA
5- ;g fof/ oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k dks fodflr djus dk volj iznku djrh gS] D;ksafd fo|kFkhZ iz;ksx'kkyk esa dbZ leL;kvksa dk lkeuk
djrs gS vkSj blfy, muesa gj leL;k dks oSKkfud n`f"V ls ns[kus vkSj gy djus dh Hkkouk iSnk gksrh gSA
6- xf.kr Kku dks vftZr djuk vkSj oSKkfud utfj;k tks fd xf.kr i<+kus osQ nks ms'; gSa] iz;ksx'kkyk esa izk;ksfxd dke djosQ gh
izkIr fd, tk ldrs gSaA fo|kFkhZ dks lqLr u gksdj f;k'khy gksuk pkfg,A

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7- cPpksa esa phtksa dk mi;ksx djus dh mRlqdrk gksrh gSA tc os iz;ksx djrs gSa rks mudh mRlqdrk dkiQh gn rd lUrq"V gks tkrh
gSA izk;ksfxd dk;Z ,d f;k iznku djrh gS tks fd dkiQh lhek rd ykHknk;d gks ldrh gSA
8- fo|kFkhZ tks rF; ,d ms'; ls Hkjiwj dke djosQ lh[krs gSa og v;kid osQ }kjk crkbZ xbZ ;k fdrkcksa esa fy[kh lkexzh O;kl
dh lPpkbZ tkuus dh dksf'k'k djsaxs] tc os iz;ksx'kkyk esa iz;ksx djsaxsA iz;ksx'kkyk fof/ osQ vfrfjDr tks Kku izkIr gksrk gS og ckgjh
gksrk gSA
9- ;g fof/ bu flkarksa ij vk/kfjr gS dke djosQ lh[kuk] Kkr ls vKkr vkSj LFkwy ls lw{e dh vksj tkukA
10- ;g euksoSKkfud fof/ gS D;ksafd blesa cPps dh #fp dk ;ku j[kk tkrk gSA
11- ;g fof/ vyx&vyx Nk=kksa dh vyx&vyx dke djus dh {kerk osQ fy, mi;ksxh gSA vf/d ;ksX; cPpksa osQ de ;ksX; cPpksa
osQ fy, bUrtkj ugha djuk iM+rkA izR;sd fo|kFkhZ viuh xfr ls dke djrk jgrk gSA
12- iz;ksx'kkyk fof/ esa fo|kFkhZ v;kid dh lgk;rk rqjUr ys ldrk gSA blfy, v;kid fo|kFkhZ osQ laca/ ?kfu"B gksrs gSa tks
i<+kus esa lgk;d fl gksrs gSaA
13- bl fof/ ls x`gdk;Z de gks tkrk gSA
nks"k (Demerits)
1- bl fof/ esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa urhts dh udy djus dh vknr iM+rh gS] D;ksafd ;g v;kid osQ fy, ljy ugha gS fd og izR;sd
fo|kFkhZ dh eki dks ns[ksA
2- ;g fof/ xf.kr osQ rF;ksa osQ ckjs esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks crkrh gS ysfdu dkj.k ugha crkrhA
3- v;kid vkSj fo|kFkhZ bldk vPNh rjg mi;ksx ugha dj ldrs] D;ksafd bl ij fy[kh gqbZ iqLrosaQ cgqr de gSaA
4- ;g fof/ fo|kfFkZ;kas ls LorU=krk ls dke djus dh ekax djrh gS tks vHkh rd o;Ld ugha gq, vkSj vius vki lc oqQN ugha
[kkst ldrsA
5- cM+h d{kkvksa esa lw{e fopkj i<+k, tkrs gSa blfy, ;g mi;qDr ugha gS fd mudks LFkwy ls 'kq: djok,A lw{e fopkj bl fof/
esa iz;ksx djuk mi;qDr ugha gks ldrk blfy, bl fof/ esa iz;ksx djuk mi;qDr ugha gks ldrk blfy, ;g fof/ cM+h d{kkvksa osQ fy,
mi;qDr ugha gSA
6- ;g dksbZ ljy ckr ugha gS fd fo|kFkhZ Lo;a [kkst djsa] og Hkh NksVh d{kkvksa esaA
7- ;g le; rFkk iz;Ru dh n`f"V ls yEch fof/ gSA
8- oqQN LowQyksa esa ctV xf.kr osQ lk/u ;k iz;ksx'kkyk cukus dh vuqefr ugha nsrkA
9- 40&45 feuV osQ le; esa v;kid izR;sd cPps ij ;ku ugha ns ldrkA ,d d{kk esa 40&45 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k gksrh gS]
tks cgqr vf/d gSA
10- bl fof/ }kjk lHkh fo"k; ugha i<+k, tk ldrsA
11- ;fn iwjh vPNh ;kstuk] tkap fof/ vkSj fn'kk funsZ'ku u gks rks fo|kFkhZ dksbZ Hkh fu"d"kZ fudkys fcuk] osQoy lkeku ls [ksyrk
gSSAa

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