foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh

Science and Technology

(212)
f'k{kd vafdr ewY;kadu i=k
Tutor Marked Assignment
dqy vad% 20
Max. Marks: 20

fVIi.kh%

(i)

Note:

lHkh iz'uksa ds mkj nsus vfuok;Z gSaA izR;sd iz'u ds vad mlds lkeus fn, x, gSaA
All questions are compulsory. The marks allowed for each question are given at same place.

(ii)

mkj iqfLrdk ds izFke i`"B ij ij dh vksj viuk uke] vuqekad] v;;u dsUnz dk uke vkSj fo"k;
Li"V 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
Write your name, enrolment number, AI name and subject on the top of the first page of the
answer sheet.

1- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d iz'u dk mkj yxHkx 40-60 'kCnksa esa nhft;s%

Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words:

(a) layfXur fp=k esa fdlh ek;e ls pyrh gqbZ ,d rjax n'kkZbZ xbZ gSA rjax 2s esa fcanq O ls fcanq A ij igqaprh
(ikB 18 ns[ksa)
gSA Kkr dhft, (i) rjax dh vko`fk] (ii) rjaxnS;Z
The adjoining diagram shows a wave travelling in space. The wave reaches from O to A in 2s. find (i)
frequency (ii) wavelength of the wave.
(See lesson 18)

(b) lquhrk ns[k ugha ikrh gSA og viuh ekrk th dks fdlh esgeku ls ckrsa djrs gq, lqurh gSA osQoy esgeku dh
vkokt lqudj og igpku ysrh gS fd esgeku mlosQ ekekth gSaA ofu osQ mu vfHky{k.kksa osQ uke crkb,]
ftuosQ vkkkj ij mls irk yxrk gS fd esgeku (i) iq#"k gS vkSj (ii) ig iq#"k mlosQ ekekth gSaA
(ikB 18 ns[ksa)
Sunita is visually impaired. She hears a quests conversing with her mother. Just by hearing the voice of the
guest she recognised sound which revealed to her that (i) it was a male voice, and (ii) the person was her
material uncle.
(See lesson 18)

(c) vCnqy dks rst cq[kkj gqvk gSA mldh ekrkth lsfYl;l FkekZehVj ls mlosQ 'kjhj dk rki 39 fMxzh lsaVhxzsM
ekirh gSA MkWDVj osQ fpfdRlky; dh vksj tkus ls igys og bl rki dk eku iQkWjsugkbV LosQy ij tkuuk
pkgrh gSaA bl rki dk eku iQkWjsugkbV LosQy ij tkuus esa mudh enn dhft,A
(ikB 14 ns[ksa)
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Science and Technology)

25

Abolul is down with high fever. Her mother measures his body temperature to e 39C using a celcius
thermometer. Before leaving for the doctors clinic she wants to know the valve on fahrenheit scale. Help
her to convert the temperature on fahrenheit scale.
(See lesson 14)

(d) vius is; inkFkZ dks BaMk djus osQ fy, vki fdldks ojh;rk nsaxs % 0 C dh ciZQ dks ;k 0 C osQ ty dks\
D;ksa\
(ikB 14 ns[ksa)
What will you prefer to cool your soft drink: ice at 0 C or water at 0 C? Why?
2.

(See lesson 14)

fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d iz'u dk mkj yxHkx 40-60 'kCnksa esa nhft;s%

Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words:

(a)

eksy flkar D;k gSA 45g ikuh esa v.kqvksa dh la[;k dh x.kuk dhft,A
What is mole concept? Calculate the number of molecules in 45g of water.

(ikB 3 ns[ksa)
(See lesson 3)

(b) vf/drj lkekU; ;kSfxd nks rRoksa ds cus gksrs gSaA ,sls f}vaxh ;kSfxd dgykrs gSaA ,sls ;kSfxdksa dk lw=k fy[kus

dh ,d fo'ks"k fof/ gSA bl fof/ dk iz;ksx djds fuEufyf[kr vk;uksa ls cuus okys ;kSfxdksa ds lw=k fyf[k,%
Most of the simple compounds are made up of elements. Such compounds are known as binary compounds. There is a method to write the formula of binary compounds. By using the method, Write down
the formula of the compounds formed by these ions.

(c)

(1)

Mg2+ and PO43

(2)

Al3+ and NO3

fuEufyf[kr vfHkf;kvksa esa vip;fr vkSj mip;fr gksus okys inkFkks dh igpku dhft,A (ikB 4 ns[ksa)
Identify the substances which are oxidised and the subtance that are reduced in the following reactions.
(See lesson 4)
(1)

Zn(O) + 2 AgNO3 (aq)

Zn (NO3)2 (aq) + 2 Ag(O)

(2)

MnO2(O) + 4H Cl (aq)

MnCl2 (aq) + Cl2 (q) + 2H2Ol)

(d) /krq vkSj v/krqvksa ds chp esa ls dksbZ pkj vUrj crkb,A
Write down any four differences between metals and nonmetab.
3.

(ikB 27 ns[ksa)
(See lesson 27)

fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d iz'u dk mkj yxHkx 40-60 'kCnksa esa nhft;s%

Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60 words:

(a) ekuo 'kjhj esa 'olu ds fy, iQqiQql] Jko ds fy, xzafFk;k la'ys"k.k ds fy, ;d`r o lkexzh fooj.k ds fy,

:f/j gSA bUgh pkjksa f;kvksa ds fy, dksf'kdk ds dkSu&dkSu ls Hkkx (dksf'kdkaxd) mkjnk;h gSa\
(ikB 21 ns[ksa) (1/2 x4=2)
In the human being, lungs are for respiration, glands for secretion, liver for synthesis and blood for distribution
of substances. Name the counterparts in the cell which are the cell organelles responsible for the same
functions.
(See lesson 21) (1/2 x4=2)

26

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Science and Technology)

(b) fdlh le; Mh-Mh-Vh- }kjk ePNj ekj fn, tkrs Fks ijarq vc ePNjksa esa izfr'kks/kh {kerk vk xbZ gS vkSj os Mh-

Mh-Vh }kjk ugha ejrsA ePNjksa esa bl ifjorZu ds fy, dkSu&lh izf;k mkjnk;h gS\ ubZ tkfr ds mnHko dh
bl izf;k dk mYYks[k fdu oSKkfud us fd;kA
(ikB 20 ns[ksa)(1+1)
Once mosquitoes could be killed by DDT but not any longer because mosquitoes have becomes resistant
to DDT and a new species evolved. Name the evolutionary mechanism responsible for this change and
the Scientist who suggested this mechanism.
(See lesson 20) (1+1)
(c) ljdkj esa *gfjr kafr* ds ykHk tkjh j[kus ds fy, dqN u, rjhds viuk,a ftuesa 'kkfey gSa
Certain urgent steps that are adopted by the Government in order to continue with the benefits of green
revolution, are
(i) tSo d`f"k dks c<+kok rFkk Encouraging organic farming and
(ii) iqjkuh ty dh ckofy;ksa dk iqufuekZ.kA Revival of old water bodies.

"kdksa ds fy, ;g fdl izdkj ykHkdkjh gksaxs fyf[k,A

States how each of the above would benefit the farmers.

(1+1)

(d) ,d [kk| Ja`[kyk dh jpuk dhft, vkSj mlds }kjk tkZ rFkk [kk| rRoksa ds izokg dks n'kkZb,A

(ikB 29 ns[ksa)
Construct a food chain explaining flow of energy and nutrients in an ecosystem. (1+1) (See lesson 29)

4-

fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d dk mkj yxHkx 100-150 'kCnksa esa nhft;s%

Answer any one out of the following four questions in about 100-150 words:

(a) fdlh fiaM dk nzO;eku 25 fd-xzk- gSA i`Foh ij U;wVu ek=kd esa bldk Hkkj fdruk gksxk\ ;fn bl fiaM dks
fdlh ,sls xzg ij ys tk,a] ftldk nzO;eku i`Foh osQ nzO;eku dk nksxquk vkSj f=kT;k i`Foh dh f=kT;k dh vkkh
gks rks ogka bl fiaM dk nzO;eku vkSj Hkkj fdruk gksxk\ (i`Foh ij xzke dk eku 10 m s2 ys yhft,)
(ikB 11 ns[ksa)
Mass of a body is 25 kg. What is its weight in newton on earth? The body is carried to a planet whose
mass is two times the mass of earth and radius is half that of earth. What will be the mass and weight of
the body on the planet? (Take the value of a g on earth as 10 m s2)
(See lesson 11)
(b) fuEufyf[kr vfHkf;kvksa ds fy, inkFkks dh HkkSfrd voLFkk,a o vko';d 'krs (;fn gks) ds lkFk larqfyr

jklk;fud lehdj.k fyf[k,A

(ikB 4 ns[ksa)

Write down balanced chemical equations with physical state and necessary conditions if any:
(See lesson 4)

(1) iQkLiQksjl] Dyksjhu xSl esa tydj iQkliQksjl isaVkDyksjkbM cukrk gSA
Phosphorous burns in chlorine gas to form phosphorous pentachloride.

(2) fudy ukbVsV dks NaOH ds lkFk mipkfjr djus ij fudy gkbMksDlkbM dk curk gSA
Nickel nitate is treated with NaOH to form nickel hydroxide.
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Science and Technology)

27

(c) tUrqvksa esa rhu izdkj ds is'kh; rd gksrs gSa jsf[kr Hkqtkvksa esa] vkjsf[kr mnj dh fHkfk;ksa esa o g`n;isf'k;ka g`n;

esaA bu is'kh; rarqvksa dh mu fof'k"Vrkvksa dk mYYks[k dhft, tks budh bu fof'k"V LFkkuksa ij fLFkfr dks
U;k;ksfpr Bgjkrh gSA
Animals have three types of muscle tissue, striated found in arms etc. unstriated found in lining of stomach
and cardiac found it the heart. Mention the characteristics of each which justify their presence in the
locations mentioned above.
1x4

(d) ,d tq js[kh; rkj AB ij izcy pqacd osQ kzqoksa osQ chp rkuk x;k gS] tSlk fd fp=k esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA rkj
dks ,d oqaQth ls gksrs gq, ,d cSVjh ls tksM+k x;k gSA oqaQth esa Iyx yxkus ij D;k gksxk\ vkius tks fu;e yxk;k
gS] mldk uke vkSj dFku fyf[k,A D;k gksxk tc (i) cSVjh osQ VfeZuyksa dks mYVk dj fn;k tkrk gS (ii) pqacd
osQ kzqo mYVk dj fn;k tkrk gSA
(ikB 17 ns[ksa)
A straight wire AB is stretched between the pole pieces of a strong magnet as shown. The wire is
connected to a battery through a key. What will happen when plug is inserted in the key? Name the rule
that you use for the purpose. State the rule. What will happen, when the (i) Terminals of the battery are
reverted (ii) pole pieces of the magnet are reversed?
(See lesson 17)

5-

fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh ,d dk mkj yxHkx 100-150 'kCnksa esa nhft;s%

Answer any one out of the following four questions in about 100-150 words:
(a) oSf'od "eu esa fUkEufyf[kr dk ;ksxnku D;k gS\
How do the following contribute towards global warming?
(i) pjrh gqbZ xk,a&HkSlsa Grazing cattle
(ii) vf/d tula[;k okys uxj Overpopulated cities
(iii) dkj[kkus Factories
(iv) tyrk gqvk vif'k"V Burning Waste
(b) jke o ';ke fe=k gSaA jke nq[kh gS D;ksafd mlds [ksr igys dh rjg vc mitk ugha jgsA ';ke us lq>ko fn;k

fd ,d o"kZ vius [ksrksa esa eVj cks, rkfd mlds [ksr nksckjk mitk gks tk,aA pkj pj.kksa es le>kb, fd ;g
fdl izdkj lHHko gSA
(ikB 31 ns[ksa)
Ram and Shyam are friends. They are farmers. Ram was sad because his fields were no longer fertile as
before. Shyam asked him to sow peas on this land for a year to revise the soils fertility. Explain four steps
through which this would be possible within that year
(See lesson 31)
28

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Science and Technology)

(c)

(i)

vkius vkorZ lkj.kh i<+h gS ftlesa fofHkUu rRoksa dks O;ofLFkr fd;k x;k gSA rRoksa dks rhu Js.kh;ksa esa
oxhZr fd;k x;k gS /krq] v/krq vkSj mi/krq;saA fuEu] e;e vkSj mPp f;k'khy /krqvksa ds fu"d"kZ.k
ds izeksa dh :i js[kk crkb;s% You have studied the periodic table where elements are arranged.
Elemants have been divided into three types metals, nonmetals and metalloids. Outline the processes for the extraction of metals with low, meadium and high reactivity.

(ii)

rkcs dk mi;ksx fctyh dh rkjksa cukus esa fd;k tkrk gSA D;ksa\ Cu is used to make electrical wire
why?

(d) ml ;qfDr dk uke crkb,] tks izk;% oqQN o"kZ igys rd fo|qr izfr"Bku dks vfkHkkj.k vkSj y?kqiFku osQ dkj.k
cgus okyh Hkkjh fo|qr kkjk ls mRiUu tksf[keksa ls cpkus osQ fy, vkerkSj ij mi;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh FkhaA ;g
oSQls dk;Z djrh gSa\ bl ;qfDr esa iz;qDr gksus okys inkFkZ osQ nks vfHky{k.k crkb,A bu vfHky{k.kksa ls ;qDr
inkFkZ dk uke Hkh fyf[k,A bl mn~ns'; osQ fy, vktdy ftl ;qfDr dk iz;ksx vkerkSj ij fd;k tkrk gS]
mldk uke Hkh fyf[k,A
(ikB 17 ns[ksa)
Name the device which was generally used in olden days to protect the electrical installation from the
risks arising on account of excessive current due to overload or short circuiting. How does it work.
Name two characteristics of the material of the device. Also name a material having these characteristics.
Also name the device which is being generally used these days for the same purpose. (See lesson 17)
6.

uhps nh xbZ pkj ifj;kstukvksa dh lwph esa ls dksbZ ,d ifj;kstuk rS;kj dhft,A

Make any one project out of the four given below.

(a) rhu fofHkUu vkdkj osQ iRFkj osQ VqdM+s] ,d dekuhnkj rqyk vkSj ikuh Hkjk ,d crZu yhft,A kkxs dh lgk;rk
ls ,d iRFkj dks dekuhnkj rqyk ls yVdkb,A dekuhnkj rqyk dk ikB~;kad uksV dhft,A ;g ok;q esa iRFkj
dk Hkkj gSA vc crZu esa Hkjs ty esa iRFkj dks Mqckb,A fiQj ls dekuhnkj rqyk dk ikB~;kad yhft,A dekuhnkj
rqyk osQ ikB~;kad esa vkbZ deh iRFkj ij yxus okys mRIykod cy dk eki gSA
vc iz;ksx dks vU; nks vyx vkdkj osQ iRFkjksa osQ lkFk nksgjkb,A izR;sd izdj.k esa mRIykod cy dk
ifjdyu dhft,A vki D;k ikrs gSa\ D;k lHkh izdj.kksa esa mRIykod cy leku gS ;k ;g vyx&vyx gSaA
bl iz;ksx ls vki D;k fu"d"kZ fudkyrs gSa\
vc bl iz;ksx dks fdlh ,d iRFkj osQ lkFk rhu vyx&vyx ?kuRo osQ nzo ysdj nksgjkb,A vki ty]
osQjksflu rsy vkSj lkkkj.k ued dk larIr ?kksy ys ldrs gSaA bl izdj.k esa vki D;k ikrs gSa] izR;sd izdj.k
esa mRIykou cy fHkUu D;ksa gS\
vius izs{k.kksa osQ vkkkj ij mu dkjdksa dk irk yxkb,] ftu ij fdlh fiaM ij yxus okyk mRIykou cy fuHkZj
djrk gSA
Take three stones of different size, a spring balance and a container filled with water. Suspend one stone
from a spring balance with the help of a thread. Note the reading of the spring balance. This is the weight
of this stone in air. Now dip the stone fully in to water kept in the container. Note the reading of the spring
balance again. The decrease in the reading of the spring balance is the buoyant force acting on the stone.

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Science and Technology)

29

Now repeat the experiment with other two stones of different size. Note the buoyant force in each case.
What do you find? In the buoyant force same or different in each case. What do you infer from this
experiment?
Now repeat this experiment one stone and with three different liquids of different densities. You may take
water, kerosene oil and saturated solution of common salt. What do you find in this case? Why the
buoyant force is different in each case?
On the basis of your observations find the factors on which the magnitude of the buoyant force acting on
a body depends.

(b) fofHkUu vkfr;ksa osQ oqQN pqacd yhft,] tSls fd NM+ pqacd] ?kksM+s dh uky dh vkfr dk pqacd] fMLd
pqacd vkfnA ,d pqacd dks dkap dh iryh 'khV osQ uhps jf[k,A dkap dh 'khV ij yksgs dk cqjknk fNM+fd,
vkSj dkap dh 'khV dks yxkrkj VdVdkrs jfg,A ftl iSVuZ esa yksgs osQ d.k lajf{kr gksrs gSa] mls ;ku ls nsf[k,\
D;k vkidks yksgs osQ cqjkns osQ d.kksa osQ lajs[ku esa dksbZ iSVuZ utj vkrk gS\ bl iSVuZ dk ;k rks vius eksckby
iQksu ls iQksVksxzkiQ yhft, ;k bldh vuqfr yxHkx 10&12 js[kkvksa }kjk dkxt ij cukb,A
bl iz;ksx dks ?kksM+s dh uky dk pqacd vkSj fMLd pqacd ysdj nksgjkb,A
uhps fn, x, iz'uksa osQ mkj nhft,%
z

pqacdh; js[kk,a fdl {ks=k esa ikl&ikl ikbZ tkrh gSa\

D;k pqacdh; js[kk,a fdl fcanq ij ,d&nwljs dks dkVrh ga\S

fofHkUu vkdkj osQ pqacdksa dh cy js[kk,a D;k leku gSa ;k fHkUu&fHkUu vkfr dh gSa\

cy js[kk,a [khapus@ izsf{kr djus dh fdlh vU; fofk dk lq>ko nhft,A

Take some magnets of different shapes, such as bar magnet, house shoe magnet and dish magnet. Keep
one magnet, say a bar magnet under a thin glass sheet. Sprinkle some iron fillings on the glass sheet while
tapping it continuously. Observe the pattern in which iron fillings align themselves. Do you find a definite
pattern in the alignment of iron fillings. Take a photograph of this pattern with your mobile phone or draw
about 10 12 lines show the pattern on a sheet of paper.
Now repeat this experiment by using a horse shoe magnet and disc magnet the following question.
z

In which region are the magnetic lines crowded?

Do lines of forces intersect each other at any point?

Are the lines of force different on similar for all shapes of magnets?

Suggest same other method for observing/drawing the lines of forces.

(c) ,slh iqjkuh if=kdk,a o lekpkj i=k ,df=kr dhft,] ftuesa oSf'od "eu o tyok;q ifjorZu ds lekpkj o
muds fo"k; esa ys[k ik, tk,aA
To understand global warming and climate change. Select from old magazines and newspapers those
which have news or write-ups on global warming and climate change.
30

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Science and Technology)

izklafxd ys[k lekpkj dks *LSi cqd* esa fpidkdj ,d iqfLrdk cukba, vFkok pkVZ isij ij fpidk,a vFkok dksykt
cukb,A vki bUgsa LdSu djds *ikoj ikWbUV izstsUVs'ku Hkh cuk ldrs gSaA fuEufyf[kr Hkkxksa esa oxhZd`r djds izLrqr
dhft,A
Collect all relevant cuttings and make a scrap book or collage or paste on chart paper. You may even scan them
and make slides, or use them to make a PowerPoint presentation. The contents may be categorized and
present as the following sections.

oSf'od "eu o tyok;q ifjorZu D;k gSaA What is global warning and climate change?
oSf'od "eu o tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkjd D;k D;k gSaA Factors that cause global warming and climate
change

oSf'od "eu o tyok;q ifjorZu ds ltho rFkk futhZo oLrqvksa ij izHkkoA Consequences thereof on living
& non living.

fo'o ds ukuk LFkku ij gky gh es gqbZ vkinkvksa }kjk oSf'od Heu o tyok;q ifjorZu dh okLrfodrk dk
izek.k Evidence from recent disasters in many parts of the world.
fofHkUu ns'kksa dh gfjr xSlksa esa deh ykus dh psVkA Efforts of various countries in reducing of green gases.
gfjr x`g xSlksa ds mRltZu dks de djsu esa vUrjkZ"Vh; lEesyu (tSls D;ks gks izksVksdkSy bR;kfn dh HkwfedkA
Role of International conventions (e.g. Kyoto Protocol) etc. in the reduction of emission of greenhouse
gases.

(d) jlksbZckxku esa iz;ksx gsrq oehZdEiksLV cukuk Preparing Vermi compost & its use in your kitchen garden
nh?kksZi;ksxh d`fk dh vksj oehZdEiksLV vFkok d`fe [kkn dk iz;ksx ,d lqfo/ktud o izHkkoh pj.k gSA bl izf;k
esa tSfod vif'k"V] d`f"k&vkS|ksfxd dwM+k] iQlyksa ds vo'ksk ,oa ?kjsyw jlksbZ vif'k"V dk iqupZ.k gksrk gS rFkk
vuko';d ,oa t+:jr ls vf/d tSfod vof'k"V lw{ethoksa }kjk [kkn esa ifjofrZr gks tkrs gSaA oehZdEiksLV cukus
esa dsapqvksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA bl izkstsDV ds vUrxZr vki jlksbZ ds vuko';d inkFkZ] d`fk vif'k"V o tSfod
vof'k"Vksa ls vki oehZdEiksLV cukuk lh[ksaxsA
Vermi composting is a convenient and effective step towards sustainable agriculture. Where recycling of animal
wastes, crop residues agro industrial wastes as well as of house hold kitchen residences. Here surplus/
unwanted organic materials are converted into manure by micro-organisms. Earthworms are an important link
in the conversion of organic matter into Vermi compost. Through this project your may learn to prepare vemi
compost using kitchen waste, from residues or any other waste organic matters.

vko';d lkexzh Materials required:1- lhesUV ls cuk VSad@feV~Vh dk ?kM+k@ckx esa IykfLV 'khV fcNk gqvk xM~Mk A cement tank/Earthen pot/pit in the
garden.

23456-

IykfLVd 'khV big plastic sheet

jkWd iQkWLiQsV jlk;u Chemical rock Phosphate
xkscj cow dung
cksjk ;k rkj ls cuh tkyh gunny bags/wire mesh
oehZdEiksLV dks cukus dh izf;k ds pj.k

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Science and Technology)

31

pj.k 1%

lhesUV dh fjax ds fupys fgLls dks ,d ikWyhFkhu 'khV }kjk <d nhft,A (vFkok 'khV dk iz;ksx ml Hkkx
dks <+dus ds fy, djs tks vki bLrseky dj jgs gSa) Cover the bottom of the cement tank/Earthen pot/
pit in the ground with plastic sheet.

pj.k 2%

'khV ds ij (15&20 lseh-) dh tSfod vif'kVksa dh ,d rg fcNk nhft,A Spread a layer of organic
waste (15-20 cm) on the top of the sheet. You can use kitchen waste, farmyard waste, biogas sludge.
(Find out what other materials can be used for this purpose. Take the help of village elders/internet etc.).
Sprinkle rock phosphate an top in about 1 2 kg.

pj.k 3%

tSfod rRoksa (2 fdxzk-) ds ij QkWLQsV rRo ds iRFkj (PkV~Vkuksa) dks fNM+d nhft,A Sprinkle rock
phosphate an top in about 1 2 kg.

pj.k 4%

xk; ds xkscj (15 fdyks) ds ?kksy dks rS;kj djsa rFkk bl feJ.k ds ij rd r gds :Ik esa Mkfy,A
Prepare and add a layer of cow dung slurry on the top.

pj.k 5%

fjax dks bu rgksa dh lkexzh ls iwjh rjg] le:Ik <ax ls Hkj nsaA Fill the pit/pot completely & evenly with
layered material.

pj.k 6%

bl lkexzh dh rg ds ij xk; ds xkscj ;k feV~Vh dk ysi yxk nsaA Seal the place by applying a layer of
mind or cow dung on top.

pj.k 7%

bl lkexzh dks 20 fnuksa rd lM+us nsaA bl vof/k ds chrus ds ckn] buds ij dsapqvksa dks Mky nsaA budks
Lo;a gh fNnz fey tk,axsA ftuls os bl rS;kj lkexzh dh rgksa esa izos'k dj tk,axsA Allow the material to
decompose for about 20 days. After 20 days put the earthworm on top, they will find their ways into the
material. Vermi composting Earthworms Delhi IIT.

pj.k 8%

fjax dks tkyh vFkok cksfj;ksa ls <ad nsa rkfd dsapqvksa dks u [kkus ik,aA Cover the pit/vessel with gunny bags/
wire mesh to protect the worms from predatory birds.

pj.k 9%

bl iwjs feJ.k ij nks eghus rd rhu&rhu fnuksa ds varjky esa ikuh dk fNM+dko djsaA ,slk djus ls dsapqvksa
ds 'kjhj dk rki lgh jgrk gSA o mudks lgh ek=kk esa ok"i miyC/ jgrk gSA uksV% tc ;g dEiksLV rS;kj
gks tkrk gS] rc ;g jax esa dkyk] otu esa gYdk gksrk gS vkSj blls ,d lksa/h&lksa/h [kq'kcw fudyrh gSA
Sprinkle water over the whole mixture at the internals of 3-4 days for 2 months. This is to maintain
moisture & body temperature of the earthworm.

pj.k 10% nks eghus dh vof/ ds i'pkr (;k tc Hkh dEiksLV rS;kj gks tkrk gS) fjax dks gVkb, rFkk rS;kj lkexzh dks
Q'kZ ij ,d 'kadq ds vkdkj esa Mky nsaA blls nks&rhu ?kaVks rd fcuk fgyk,&Mqyk, j[k NksMsa+A tc rd dsapq,
/hjs&/hjs bldh fupyh rg rd u igqap tk,aA It normally takes 2 months for the compost to be ready,
when it is ready it is black, quite light and has a pleasant earthy smell. Check if it is ready after 2 months,
remove the cover and load the material in a cone shaped structure on the floor. Leave it undisturbed for
2-3 hrs to let the worms move slowly to the bottom.

pj.k 11% bl <sj ds ijh Hkkx dks vyx dj nsaA Separate the upper portion in a bag.
pj.k 12% <sj ds fupys fgLls dk Nuu dj ysa rkfd dsapqvksa dks vyx fd;k tk ldsaA budk iqu% vf/d d`fe [kkn
cukus dh rS;kjh esa iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSASieve the lower portion to separate worms. They can be used
again.

Pkj.k 13% vius izs{k.kksa dks fjdkMZ dhft,A izkStsDV djrs gq, vius vuqHkoksa ds vk/kkj ij izfrosnu izLrqr dhft,A Use
this compost for growing crops in your crop field/plants to kitchen garden/flower pots etc. and observe
the growth of plants. Record your observation.
32

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Science and Technology)

pj.k 14% vc vkidk oehZdEiksLV dk iz;ksx vc vius [ksr vFkok jlksbZ ckxku vFkok iQwyks ds xeys esa dhft,A
Prepare your report on the basis of your experience. While conducting this project.
z

In which region are the magnetic lines crowded?

Do lines of forces intersect each other at any point?

Are the lines of force different on similar for all shapes of magnets?

Suggest same other method for observing/drawing the lines of forces.

(e) rhu 'kq"d ij[kufy;ka fyft, vkSj mUgsa A, B vkSj C fofHkIr djsaA A, B vkSj C ij[kufy;ksa esa ,d&,d yksgs dh
dhy MkysaA
Take three test tubes and label them as A, B and C. Put one iron nail each in test tubes A, B and C.

ij[kuyh A esa bruk vklfor ty ys fd dhy vk/h Mwc tk, vkSj dkdZ ls ij[kuyh ds eq[k dks can dj
nsAa In test tube A take distilled water so that half the nail is immerred in water and cork it.

ij[kuyh B esa bruk vklfor ty ys rkfd dhy iw.kZ :i ls mlesa Mwc tk, rFkk eq[k dks dkdZ ls can dj
nsAa In test tube B take enough distilled water such that the iron nail is completily immerred in it and cork
it so that no air comes in contact with it.

ij[kuyh C esa FkksM+k lk CaCl2 Mkysa bls FkksM+h lh :bZ ls <+d nsA vc blesa ,d yksgs dh dhy Mkydj bldk
eq[k dkdZ ls can dj nsaA budks de ls de rhu ls pkj fnu j[ksaA In test tube C, tube small amount of
CaCl2 and cover it with a small cotton plug. Now put an iron nail in it and cork it. Keep all the test tubes
undisturbed for at least 3-4 days and then observe carefully.

(i)

dkSu lh ij[kuyh esa yksgs dh dhy ij tax yxrk gS\

In which test tube the rusting of iron nail takes place.

(ii)

tax yxus ds fy, dkSu&dkSu lh vko';d 'krs gSa\

What are the essential conditions for rusting of iron?

(iii) ij[kuyh C esa fy, x;sa CaCl2 dh mi;ksfxrk crkb,A

What is the role of CaCl2 taken in test tube C.
(iv) tax dk jklk;fud lw=k fyf[k,A
Write down the chemical formula of rust.
(v)

la{kkj.k D;k gksrk gS\

What is corrosion?

(vi) ;fn ij[kuyh Aesa ds ty esa FkksM+k ukfj;y dk rsy feyk nsa rks ;g tax yxus dh izfrf;k dks fdl izdkj

izHkkfor djsxkA
If a little amount coconut oil is added to the water taken in test tube A, then how it would affect the
rusting?
foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Science and Technology)

33

f'k{kkFkhZ vius v;;u dsanz dh iz;ksx'kkyk ls fuEufyf[kr lkexzh ,d=kr djsa Learner should visit the allotted study
centre, collect the following materials and carry out the experiments under the supervision of a teacher and answer
the following conditions:
CuSO4 5H2O, NaOH, Mg, S, vkSj Zn

bUgsa ,d=k djus ds ckn f'k{kkFkhZ v;kid dh ns[k&js[k esa fuEufyf[kr iz;ksx djsa
(i)

D;k gksrk gS tc Zn dks CuSO4 ds tyh; foy;u esa Mkyk tkrk gSA
What happens when Zn is added to aqueous solution of CuSO4.?

(ii)

Mg dh BaMs rFkk xeZ ty ds lkFk gksus okyh vfHkf;k;sa fyf[k,A

How does Mg react with (a) cold water and (b) hat water?

(iii) ftad NaOH ds lkFk fdl izdkj vfHkf;k djrk gS

How does Zn react with NaOH.
(iv) ,df=kr dh xbZ lkexzh esa /krqvksa vkSj v/krqvksa dh igpku dhft,A
Identify metals and non-metals among the materials collected.
(v)

CuSO4 .5H2O dk D;k jax gksrk gS\

What is the colour of solid CuSO4 .5H2O

(vi) D;k gksrk gS tc S ok;q tyrk gSA

What happens when 5 is burnt in air?

34

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh (Science and Technology)