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which such materials are made - mainly nickel and chromium in the case of Nimonic 80A - and
the difficulties in machining them, such valves don't come cheap, but they do make the
difference between an engine working and not working.
(Sources: G&S Valves Technical Information, Issue 2, 2003, for 21-4N, DIN 1.4882 and Nimonic
80A, and Timet datasheet for Ti-834)
Not only must we consider the strength of the exhaust valve material at working temperature,
we must also consider other properties such as creep and corrosion resistance. Creep is a
measure of the 'relaxation' of material, and is measured by observing time-dependent strain
under a fixed load, or by observing time-dependent stress under fixed strain. Books containing
relevant creep data include that by Conway (4).
References
1.
Polmear,
I.J.,
"Light
Alloys",
4th
Edition,
Butterworth-Heinemann,
2005
2. Cowley, W.E., Robinson, P.J., and Flack, J., "Internal Combustion Engine Poppet Valves: A
Study of Mechanical and Metallurgical Requirements", Proc. IMechE Auto. Div. 1964
3.
Smith,
P.H.,
"Valve
Mechanisms
for
High-Speed
Engines",
Foulis,
1967
4. Conway, J.B., "Stress Rupture Parameters: Origin, Calculation and Use", Gordon and
Breach, 1969
Fig. 1 - Material selection is key to successful valve operation; strength is only part of the
equation
Written by Wayne Ward