SYNOPSIS ON

CONSUMER PERCEPTION & COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JK

TYRES WITH OTHER TYRE COMPANIES
DEPARTMANT OF MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED TO

PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

JALANDHAR (INDIA)
In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of Degree of
Bachelor of Business Administration

Supervised by:

Submitted by:

Prof. Kirandeep Kaur

Manpreet kaur

INNOCENT HEARTS GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, JALANDHAR

2014

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project titled CONSUMER PERCEPTION & COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS TOWARD JK TYRES is based on the original work carried out by me under the
supervision of Miss, kirandeep kaur, is an original work carried out in partial fulfillment of the
requirement of the award of the degree of Bachelor Of Business Administration of Punjab
Technical University.

Manpreet kaur
BBA 6th sem.
1206105

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
At onset of this report we would like to thank first of all the management of the JK tyre company
for co-operating with our team to gather information about their working through out the project
on the tyres Industry. We received full co-operation from Asst. Prof. Miss Kirandeep Kaur
and all level, and as gesture of TYRES gratitude we would like of dedicate this report to
the staff of TYRES and their spirit of working, which has motivated us all along the TYRE
Project.

Manpreet kaur

CHAPTER-1
COMPANY PROFILE,
HISTORY

1.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE

JK Organization is a mega corporate entity that is emblematic of excellence,
diversification and pioneering new technologies. A part of JK Organization which
ranks among the leading private sector groups in India, JK Tire and Industries is
committed to self reliance and follows an ethic that views customer satisfaction as
an index of achievement Leaders in the Indian Tire Industry. The name J.K.
Organization, which today is one of the leading Private Sector Groups in India, was
4

founded over 100 years ago. For J.K. Organization it's been a century of multibusiness, multi-product adult-location business operation. The companies in the
Group have a diverse portfolio, including Automotive Tires & Tubes, Paper & Pulp,
Cement, V-Belts, Oil Seals, Power Transmission Systems, Hybrid Seeds, Woolen
Textiles, Readymade Apparels, Sugar, Food & Dairy Products, Cosmetics, etc.

JK Tire & Industries Ltd is one of the leading automotive tire manufacturers in India. The company is
engaged in manufacturing of automobile tires, tubes and flaps. They manufactures Radial and Bias
4wheeler tires for trucks, buses passenger cars, Luvs, tractors etc. They sell their products under the brand
name 'JK Tire'. They have four plants located in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka. The company
has 134 sales, service and stock points located throughout the country.. JK Tire & Industries Ltd was
incorporated in the year 1951 as a private limited under the name JK Industries Put Ltd. Until March 31,
1970, the company was engaged in the managing agency business. Thereafter the company decided to
undertake manufacturing activities and obtained a letter of intent in February 1972 for the manufacture of
automobile tires and tubes. The company name was changed into JK Industries LTD with effect from May
24, 1974 consequent upon conversion of the company into a public limited company.
In the year 1974, the company entered into a technical collaboration with General Tire International Co,
USA, a subsidiary of General Tire & Rubber Co, USA for technical services and sales agreement for the
supply of technical knowhow engineering and documentation for operational facilities. In the year 1989,
the company introduced several new patterns and sizes of tires including a semi-lug Nylon Truck tire. In
the year 1991, the company set up Ban more Tire Plant with a capacity of 5.7 laky tires per annum. They
launched radial tires for tractors. In the year 1992, the company's international division expanded their
activities by opening their office in Moscow.

1.2 COMPANY PROFILE

Vikrant Bias Tyre Plant

JK Organization owes its name to Late Lal aJuggilal Singhania, a dynamic personality with a
broad vision. Inspired by the cause of the Swadeshi movement of Mahatma Gandhi, and driven
by the zeal to set up an Indian enterprise, Lala Kampala Singhania founded J.K.Organization in
the 19th century ushering in a new industrial era in India. Dr. Raghupati Singhania,
Chairman & MD. Dr. Raghupati Singhania is the Chairman & Managing
Director of JK Tyre & Industries Ltd.
The Process of industrialization and diversification was worthily and successfully carried on by
LalaKamlapats three illustrious sons- Sir Padampat, LalaKailashpat and LalaLakshmipat, aided
in no small measure by the late Gopal Krishna son of Sir Padampat.
Ever since its inception it has been JK Tyres belief in the value of technological superiority that
has made it grow by leaps and bounds. This division produces and sells tires and tubes under the
brand name "JK Tire" for Truck, Buses, Passenger Cars, Jeeps, Light Commercial Vehicles,
Multi Utility Vehicles and Tractors.
The company pioneered Steel Radial Technology in India in 1977 and continues to be the
industry leader in the Radial segment in India. JK Tire is the only Tyre Manufacturer in the
country to produce high performance 'T' &'H' -rated steel radial tires.
JK Tire has consciously followed a policy of continuously modernizing and expanding its tire
manufacturing facilities to retain its edge in the market place.

1.3 HISTORY OF COMPANY

6

YEAR EVENT 1974 JK Tyres founded in West Bengal with an industrial license in February
1974 for the manufacture of 400,000 nos. each Automobile tyre and Tubes per annum. The
company was converted into a public limited company on 1 April 1974. The manufacturing
project was promoted by Straw Products Ltd and J.K. Synthetics Ltd.
YEAR EVENTS 1982 :- The company technical collaboration agreement with General Tire
International Co., was renewed for a further period of 5 years.
YEAR EVENTS 1987 :- The overall working resulted in substantial profits despite a 51-days
strike as well as go-slow from 14th October. The strike had since then been resolved & amicable
settlement was reached. Efforts were on to launch a new pattern in steel belted radial tyres.
YEAR EVENTS 1988 :-New steel radial tires for Marti Gypsy & Tata mobile were introduced.
The Comp. proposed to incur an expenditure of Rest 300lakhs for installation of latest &
sophisticated R&D equipment.
YEAR EVENTS 1989 :- Several new patterns & sizes of tires were introduced including a
semi-lug Nylon Truck tire, all of which were well received in the market. 1991 - Han deep
Investment, Ltd., Hid rive Finance Ltd.,Panchanan Investment Ltd., & Radial Finance Ltd., J. K.
International Ltd.,Shivdham Properties Ltd., & J.K. Asia Pacific, Ltd., are subsidiaries of
Company.
YEAR EVENTS 1992 :- The J.K. International division expanded its activities by opening its
office in Moscow besides starting Company's subsidiariesin U.K. and Honkong. The radial tires
for tractors & business launched in the previous year were well received.
YEAR EVENTS 1993 :- New radial tires `Brute' & `Ultimo' were introduced. The Comp. was
in the process of developing steel belted radial tires for prestigious cars in the Mercedes Benz,
Peugeot, Daewoo race & Opal Astra. Anew pattern developed for bus and trucks `PE-T8' was
well received in the market.
YEAR EVENTS 1994 :- The Comp. maintained its pace of growth, despitesteep rise in raw
material & input costs & competition. The Company effected anal round cost reduction &
attained higher capacity utilization at both the tire plants at Jaykaygram and Banmore.-

The T-rated ultimo tires launched for new generation cars found its acceptance in DCM Daewoo
`Ceil'. Also J.K. Steel radial was chosen for Mercedes Benz India.The Comp. undertook to
develop steel radials for GM `Astra'. PAL `Peugekot'FIAT's, `UNO' & M and M `Ford'.
The Comp. launched a premium truck tire `Jet Trek' - 39 which was introduced to meet the need
of the heavy load market. The new tractor rear tire `SONA' was well received in the market.
YEAR EVENTS 1996 :- During this period, a new Car tire 'Jet Drive XS',the widest nylon car
tire for Marti 800 was launched. Along with new semi-lug& heavy duty lug tire for trucks, a new
lug tire for super heavy load applications Jet Trek 39' was also introduced. In the Radial
category, 'Ultimo XR Radial', terrain tire was introduced. All these products were well received
in the market.
Both the tire plants operated to full capacity. In line with JK tire, the radial sunit introduced the
dual contact high traction & high performance Aqua sonic steel radial car tire. The unit also
developed India first & only H-rated ultimo Xs' especially for Mercedes - Benz Cars.
YEAR EVENTS 2000 :- The Comp. proposes to reduce its debt by Rs 125crore in the current
fiscal from the current level of Rs 635 crore by way of loan repayment.The Comp. & Indian Oil Corporation have entered into a marketing alliance for installing digital
air pressure gauges and setting up sales & services outlets at IOC petrol stations throughout the
country..
JK Tires Plants
Mysore plant- 1 {VTP}-Karnataka
Mysore plant- 2 {VTP Radial}-Karnataka
Bankroll Rajasthan
Ban more-Madhya Pradesh

CHAPTER-2
INTRODUCTION TO STUDY

2.1 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JK TYRE & OTHER TYRE

COMPANIES
9

JK TYRE
Ever since its inception it has been JK Tyres belief in the value of technological superiority that
has made it grow by leaps and bounds. This division produces and sells tires and tubes under the
brand name "JK Tire" for Truck, Buses, Passenger Cars, Jeeps, Light Commercial Vehicles,
Multi Utility Vehicles and Tractors. The company pioneered Steel Radial Technology in India in
1977 and continues to be the industry leader in the Radial segment in India. JK Tire is the only
Tyres Manufacturer in the country to produce high performance 'T' &'H' -rated steel radial tires.

MRF Limited (Madras Rubber Factory limited) is an India-based company engaged in

manufacturing, distribution and sale of tyres for various kinds of vehicles. The company is
primarily engaged in the manufacture of rubber products, such as tyres, tubes, flaps, tread rubber
and conveyor belt.MRF Ltd sells its products in the replacement/retail market only through
authorized dealers to ensure genuine products and the best after sale service to the customers.
The internet sites or web based sites (on-line sellers) are not authorized by MRF Ltd to sell and
to make any representation for and on behalf of MRF Ltd and its products.

Apollo Tyres Ltd is the world's 17th biggest tyre manufacturer, with annual
consolidated revenues of Rs 121.5 billion (US$2.5 billion) in 2011. It was founded in
1976. Its first plant was commissioned in Perambra, Kerala. The company now has
four manufacturing units, one in South Africa, two in Zimbabwe and 1 in
10

Netherlands. It has a network of over 4,000 dealerships in India, of which over 2,500
are exclusive outlets. It gets 62.6% of its revenues from India, 27.9% from Europe
and 9.5% from Africa. Apollo tyres was awarded the FICCI award among large
industries category for the best Quality systems. It is planning to become the 10th
biggest tyre manufacturer in the world with annual revenues of $6 billion by 2016.
On 12 June 2013, it is reported that Apollo Tyres Ltd would buy US-based Cooper
Tire & Rubber Company for about $2.5 billion in a deal that would make it the
world's seventh-largest tyre maker but the takeover collapsed after legal battles.

Bridgestone Corporation:-Kabushiki-gaisha Burijisuton (TYO: 5108, OTC Pink: BRDCY) is

a multinational auto and truck parts manufacturer founded in 1931 by Shojiro Ishibashi Ishibashi
Shjir?) in the city of Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan. The name Bridgestone comes from a claque
translation and transposition of ishibashi, meaning "stone bridge" in Japanese. Production
facilities belonging to the Bridgestone Group number 141 in twenty-four countries, as of the end
of 2005.

2.2 CONSUMER ABOUT PERCEPTION

11

Definition
Consumer perception applies the concept of sensory perception to marketing and advertising.
Just as sensory perception relates to how humans perceive and process sensory stimuli through
their five senses, consumer perception pertains to how individuals form opinions about
companies and the merchandise they offer through the purchases they make. Merchants apply
consumer perception theory to determine how their customers perceive them. They also use
consumer perception theory to develop marketing and advertising strategies intended to retain
current customers -- and attract new ones.

Self Perception:
Self perception theory attempts to explain how individuals develop an understanding of the
motivations behind their own behavior. Self perception by customers relates to values and
motivations that drive buying behavior -- which is also an important aspect of consumer
perception theory. For instance, a study by researchers at the University of Massachusetts at
Amherst addressed how self perception shaped consumers' buying behavior. The study
considered the question of whether consumers believed their buying decisions had a real effect
on issues such as environmental impact. The researchers concluded that consumers' self
perception was a driving factor in whether or not they placed a priority on socially conscious
purchase and consumption practices. Consumers who viewed themselves as socially conscious
tended to place more weight on issues such as environmental impact when making buying
decisions than consumers who did not hold similar views of themselves.

Price Perception:
While mass merchandisers such as Wal-Mart emphasize low prices as an inherent virtue, upscale
merchants attempt to emphasize quality and value for money to appeal to potential customers.
Researchers at the School of Business Administration at LaSalle University and Le Bow College
of Business at Drexel University considered several factors, including price perception -whether consumers believed they were being charged fair prices -- in determining whether online
shoppers would make repeat purchases through the same website. The researchers concluded that
price perception strongly influenced whether customers were satisfied with their purchases and
12

whether they would make future purchases. Two factors that shaped price perception were the
perceived quality of the merchandise or service in question and price comparisons with
merchants offering similar merchandise or services.

Benefit Perception:
"It's good, and it's good for you." Many consumers are familiar with this phrase frequently
associated with food advertising. Researchers from Marquette University, Louisiana State
University and the University of Arkansas surveyed customers to determine how nutrition claims
associated with food affected their perception of that food's nutritional value. The researchers
found that consumers tend to reject general, unsupported claims of enhanced nutrition, especially
concerning high nutritional value for foods that are traditionally viewed as unhealthy.

2.2 VISION &MISSION

To be amongst the most admired companies in India, committed to excellence.
13

MISSION
Be a Customer Obsessed Company - Customer First 24x7
No.1 Tire Brand in India
Most profitable Tire Company in India
Motivated and Committed team for excellence in performance

MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
Size of the market
How well the market is served
Prospective inches
Marketing mix required to succeed
Core competencies required

2.3 COMPONENTS OF TYRES

14

Tread
The tread is the part of the tire that comes in contact with the road surface. The portion that is in
contact with the road at a given instant in time is the contact patch. The tread is a thick rubber, or
rubber/composite compound formulated to provide an appropriate level of traction that does not
wear away too quickly. The tread pattern is characterized by the geometrical shape of the
grooves, lugs, voids and sips. Grooves run circumferentially around the tire, and are needed to
channel away water. Lugs are that portion of the tread design that contacts the road surface.
Voids are spaces between lugs that allow the lugs to flex and evacuate water. Tread patterns
feature non-symmetrical (or non-uniform) lug sizes circumferentially to minimize noise levels at
discrete frequencies. Sips are valleys cut across the tire, usually perpendicular to the grooves,
which allow the water from the grooves to escape to the sides in an effort to
prevent hydroplaning.
Treads are often designed to meet specific product marketing positions. High performance tires
have small void ratios to provide more rubber in contact with the road for higher traction, but
may be compounded with softer rubber that provides better traction, but wears quickly. Mud and
snow (M&S) tires are designed with higher void ratios to channel away rain and mud, while
providing better gripping performance. Specialized tires will always work better than general/all
purpose/all weather tires when being used in the conditions the specialized tires are designed for.

15

BEAD
The bead is that part of the tire that contacts the rim on the wheel. The bead is typically
reinforced with steel wire and compounded of high strength, low flexibility rubber. The bead
seats tightly against the two rims on the wheel to ensure that a tubeless tire holds air without
leakage. The bead fit is tight to ensure the tire does not shift circumferentially as the wheel
rotates. The width of the rim in relationship to the tire is a factor in the handling characteristics of
an automobile, because the rim supports the tire's profile.

SIDEWALL
The sidewall is that part of the tire that bridges between the tread and bead. The sidewall is
largely rubber but reinforced with fabric or steel cords that provide for tensile strength and
flexibility. The sidewall contains air pressure and transmits the torque applied by the drive axle
to the tread to create traction but supports little of the weight of the vehicle, as is clear from the
total collapse of the tire when punctured. Sidewalls are molded with manufacturer-specific detail,
government mandated warning labels, and other consumer information, and sometimes
decorative ornamentation, like whitewalls.

PLY
Plies are layers of relatively inextensible cords embedded in the rubber to hold its shape by
preventing the rubber from stretching in response to the internal pressure. The orientations of the
plies play a large role in the performance of the tire and is one of the main ways that tires are
categorized.

TREAD LUG
Tread lugs provide the contact surface necessary to provide traction. As the tread lug enters the
road contact area, or footprint, it is compressed. As it rotates through the footprint it is deformed
circumferentially. As it exits the footprint, it recovers to its original shape. During the
deformation and recovery cycle the tire exerts variable forces into the vehicle. These forces are
described as Force Variation.
16

TREAD VOID

Tread voids provide space for the lug to flex and deform as it enters and exits the footprint. Voids
also provide channels for rainwater, mud, and snow to be channeled away from the footprint. The
void ratio is the void area of the tire divided by the entire tread area. Low void areas have high
contact area and therefore higher traction on clean, dry pavement.

RAIN GROOVE

The rain groove is a design element of the tread pattern specifically arranged to channel water
away from the footprint. Rain grooves are circumferential in most truck tires. Many high
performance passenger tires feature rain grooves that are angled from the center toward the sides
of the tire. Some tire manufacturers claim that their tread pattern is designed to actively pump
water out from under the tire by the action of the tread flexing. This results in a smoother ride in
different types of weather.

17

SNIPE

Tread lugs often feature small narrow voids, or sips, that improve the flexibility of the lug to
deform as it traverses the footprint area. This reduces shear stress in the lug and reduces heat
build up. Testing of identical sipped and unzipped tires showed measurable improvements in
snow traction and ice braking performance, however diminishing and extending braking
distances on wet and dry pavement by a few feet on sipped tires. Off-road tire enthusiasts have
been sipping tires for years for greater traction, as many manufacturers now offer already sipped
off-road-tires.
WEAR BAR

Wear bars (or wear indicators) are raised features located at the bottom of the tread grooves that
indicate the tire has reached its wear limit. When the tread lugs are worn to the point that the
wear bars connect across the lugs, the tires are fully worn and should be taken out of service.
Most wear bars indicate a remaining tread depth of 1.6 millimeters (0.063 in) and are deemed
"worn out" at that point.

SHOULDER
The shoulder is that part of the tire at the edge of the tread as it makes transition to the sidewall.

2.4 ASSOCIATED COMPONENTS

WHEEL
Tires are mounted onto wheels that most often have integral rims on their outer edges to hold the
tire. Automotive wheels are typically made from pressed and welded steel, or a composite of
lightweight metal alloys, such as aluminum or magnesium. These alloy wheels may be
either cast or forged. The mounted tire and wheel assembly is then bolted to the vehicle's hub. A
decorative hubcap and trim ring may be placed over the wheel.
18

RIM
The beads of the tire are held on the rim, or the "outer edge" of a wheel. These outer edges are
shaped to obtain a proper shape on each side, having a radically cylindrical inclined inner wall
on which the tire can be mounted. The wheel's rim must be of the proper design and type to hold
the bead of the appropriately sized tire. Tires are mounted on the wheel by forcing its beads into
the channel formed by the wheel's inner and outer rims.

INNER TUBE
Most bicycle tires, many motorcycle tires, and many tires for large vehicles such as buses, heavy
trucks, and tractors are designed for use with inner tubes. Inner tubes are torus-shaped balloons
made from an impermeable material, such as soft, elastic synthetic rubber, to prevent air leakage.
The inner tubes are inserted into the tire and inflated to retain air pressure.
Large inner tubes, which are large inflatable to ruses, can be re-used for other purposes, such as
swimming and rafting (see swim ring), tubing (recreation), sledding, and sketching. Purposebuilt inflatable to ruses are also manufactured for these uses, offering choice of colors, fabric
covering, handles, decks, and other accessories, and eliminating the protruding valve stem.

2.5 CONSTRUCTION TYPES

BIAS
Bias tire (or cross ply) construction utilizes body ply cords that extend diagonally from bead to
bead, usually at angles in the range of 30 to 40 degrees, with successive plies laid at opposing
angles forming a crisscross pattern to which the tread is applied. The design allows the entire tire
body to flex easily, providing the main advantage of this construction, a smooth ride on rough
surfaces. This cushioning characteristic also causes the major disadvantages of a bias tire:
increased rolling resistance and less control and traction at higher speeds.

19

BELTED BIAS
A belted bias tire starts with two or more bias-plies to which stabilizer belts are bonded directly
beneath the tread. This construction provides smoother ride that is similar to the bias tire, while
lessening rolling resistance because the belts increase tread stiffness. The plies and belts are at
different angles, which improves performance compared to non-belted bias tires. The belts may
be cord or steel.

RADIAL
Radial tire construction utilizes body ply cords extending from the beads and across the tread so
that the cords are laid at approximately right angles to the centerline of the tread, and parallel to
each other, as well as stabilizer belts directly beneath the tread. The belts may be cord or steel.
The advantages of this construction include longer tread life, better steering control, and lower
rolling resistance. Disadvantages of the radial tire include a harder ride at low speeds on rough
roads and in the context of off-reading, decreased "self-cleaning" ability and lower grip ability at
low speeds.

SOLID
Many tires used in industrial and commercial applications are non-pneumatic, and are
manufactured from solid rubber and plastic compounds via molding operations. Solid
tires include those used for lawn mowers, skateboards, golf carts, scooters, and many types of
light industrial vehicles, carts, and trailers. One of the most common applications for solid tires is

20

for material handling equipment (forklifts). Such tires are installed by means of a hydraulic tire
press.

J K Tires offers following types of product for sale:

a) Tires
b) Tubes
c) Flaps
It is manufacturing different lines of products like Truck tires, Light Commercial Vehicle tires
(LCV), for jeep, passenger car, tractors etc.,

2.6 MAJOR PRODUCTS

The major products of JK Company are automobile tire {Nylon tube tire, radial tube and tubeless
tire } tubes names.
1.Jet rib

2.Vikrant truck king

3.Star lug

4.Super T.K

5.JT king

6.Hi Life

7. Jet truck

8. jet truck

9. Sand cum howdy

10. Truck plus

11. JT Classic .

12. JETRK
21

{1} ULTIMA XPS (T/T,T/L)

Vehicle Make

Honda

Vehicle Model

CITY

Sizes 175/70 R 13
Load Index

82

Speed Rating

Features:

Wider tread arc width and solid shoulder ribs

Computer-generated grooves

Bi-directional lateral grooves

Benefits:

Better cornering

superior handling and longer tyre life

Flawless braking performance

Excellent wet and dry traction

{2} BRUTE (Rugged Surface Steel Radial)

22

Vehicle Make

Mahindra

Vehicle Model

BOLERO

Sizes

215/75 R 15

Load Index

100

Speed Rating

Features:

Wide

deep see through channels

Aggressive 4 rib design with optimal sipes

Wider tread width

Dual ply construction

Benefits:-

Enhanced traction on wet roads for good handling and smooth ride

High mileage and better grip on rugged surfaces

Better tyre life and superior road grip

{3} ELANZO CRUSERO (T/L)

Vehicle Make

Toyota
23

Vehicle Model

INNOVA

Sizes

205/65 R 15

Load Index

94

Speed Rating

Features:

Stiffer Shoulder & optimized shoulder grooves

Innovative Tread compound using

Hi-Structure Carbon Black and Homogeneous impregnation technology

Specially designed sidewall & Extra Durable casing

Benefits:

Better cornering characteristics & efficient water drainage

Smooth wear rate

high mileage & fuel economy

Smooth ride & longer tyres life.

24

CHAPTER-3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Sandberg (2001):- This paper has attempted to present a review of some of the most important
topics of current interest in the subject of tyre/road noise, by listing and analyzing some "myths"
that seem to have been rather commonly accepted among part of either the scientific or the
administrative- /authoritative community. In which they have taken sample of nearly 100 tyres of
approximately similar sizes (the tyres were all new or newly retreaded and available in tyre
25

shops). For truck tyres, a study indicated the best and the worst of 20 tyres of similar size,
measured on a surface that had similarities with an ISO surface and the result shows that that one
cannot obtain much noise reduction by working on the tyre; instead one should work on the road
surface. Similar results are obtained on other fairly smooth surfaces.
Jared (2008):- In fact, there is some evidence to support the belief that SUV drivers
overestimate their driving ability and safety, and are more likely to perform high risk behaviours
when driving. The power of a vehicle is also unlikely to be a strong reason for selecting a large
SUV. SUV drivers are more likely to be motivated by the reflection of their lifestyle an SUV
represents, the utility of their vehicle, in terms of the off-road capabilities and carrying capacity
of the vehicle, and their lower concern for the environment. Policy decisions to discourage the
use of large vehicle should easily target the vehicle prestige and utility of smaller vehicles and
make more prominent the negative environmental impacts of larger vehicles. The main finding
of this paper is that depending on the size of the vehicle the size of the tyre should be maintained.
Martain (2009):- The paper focus on the Caravan wheels may look similar to car ones, but they
are usually specially made for caravan use. Principally, this means they are stronger than a car
wheel of similar size, although it may also mean that some of the wheel dimensions are different
On a single axle caravan, it is clear that each wheel has to support about half the weight of the
caravan, which is often more than one quarter of the weight of a typical car. The relative
simplicity of caravan suspension also means that while travelling along, it is possible for much
more than half the weight of the caravan to be borne by the wheel(s) on one side from time to
time and the main finding of this paper is that the caravan wheel stronger than car wheel and it
also increase the performance of the tyre.

Ruster (2010):-The purpose of this document is to give general advice and guidance on a variety
of important points to consider when replacing tyres on a car and applies to the UK only. Some
tyre manufacturers advice on specific products may differ from these general guidelines. If
advice is required on a specific product consult the relevant tyre manufacturer. More detailed
information on some of these subjects maybe found in other BTMA statements listed at the end
of this document. The main finding of this study is tyres fitted to vehicles running on public
roads conform to specific standards of condition and suitability for the type of application
26

27

CHAPTER-4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

4.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

To achieve the stated objective a survey was conducted at jalandhar city regarding consumer perception towards
JK Tyres and other tyres companies.
DATACOLLECTION
PRIMARY DATA:
28

Primary data is collected by the random sampling method. Here we have randomly interviewed 100 customers
through Questionnaire and personal interview and collected the primary data.
SECONDARY DATA:
These are generally published sources which have been collected originally for some other purpose, they are not
gathered specially to achieve the objectives of the particular research project hands but already assembled.
.Method of Sampling:
In Jalandhar city people are more busy in their works and jobs, so every persons opinion cannot be collected. So
the respondents were chosen randomly in jalandhar city.
Sample Size:
Sample size for the study consisted of 50 persons residing in jalandhar city. Among them only some of them
responded and others rejected to respond as they were not interested.
Sample Unit:
Customer of JK.Tyre , dealers and owners of vehicles in Jalandhar City

29

Annexure

QUESTIONNAIRE
Customer perception & comparative analysis towards JK Tyres in
Jalandhar City
(Please tick appropriate answer in the box / space)
I.

Customer Introduction
1. Name
: _________________________________
2. Address
: _________________________________
30

3. Occupation/Job : _________________________________

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

Factors motivated the customer to purchase the JK Tyres :

a) Friends

b) Brand image

c) Advertisement

d) Dealer

e) Self-decision

Quality of tyre:
a) Strongly satisfied
b) Satisfied
c) Not satisfied
d) Fully not satisfied

Mileage of tyre:
a) Strongly satisfied
b) Satisfied
c) Not satisfied
d) Fully not satisfied
Performance of tyres:
a) Strongly satisfied
b) Satisfied
c) Not satisfied
d) Fully not satisfied

Why customer prefer JK Tyres:

a) Quality

b) Price

c) After sale service

d) Durability

Factor kept in mind while purchasing new tyre:

a) Price

b) Brand

c) Looks

For replacement of tyres which companys tyre do you prefer:

a) JK Tyre
31

b) MRF
c) Apollo
d) Unbranded tyre

32