Critical Reasoning & Logical Sequence:

01. Even though most universities retain the royalties from faculty
members' inventions, the faculty members retain the royalties from books
and articles they write. Therefore, faculty members should retain the
royalties from the educational computer software they develop.
The conclusion above would be more reasonably drawn if which of the
following were inserted into the argument as an additional premise?
(A) Royalties from inventions are higher than royalties from educational
software programs.
(B) Faculty members are more likely to produce educational software
programs than inventions.
(C) Inventions bring more prestige to universities than do books and
articles.
(D) In the experience of most universities, educational software programs
are more marketable than are books and articles.
(E) In terms of the criteria used to award royalties, educational
software programs are more nearly comparable to books and articles
than to inventions.
Questions numbering 2 and 3 are based on the following statement:
"If there is an oil-supply disruption resulting in higher international oil
prices, domestic oil prices in open-market countries will rise as well,
whether such countries import all or none of their oil."
02. If the statement above concerning oil-supply disruptions is true,
which of the following policies in an open-market nation is most likely to
reduce the long-term economic impact on that nation of sharp and
unexpected increases in international oil prices?
(A) Maintaining the quantity of oil imported at constant yearly levels
(B) Increasing the number of oil tankers in its fleet
(C) Suspending diplomatic relations with major oil-producing nations
(D) Decreasing oil consumption through conservation
(E) Decreasing domestic production of oil
03. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the statement
above?

(A) Domestic producers of oil in open-market countries are excluded from

the international oil market when there is a disruption in the
international oil supply.
(B) International oil-supply disruptions have little.if any, effect on the
price of domestic oil as long as an open-market country has domestic
supplies capable of meeting domestic demand.
(C) The oil market in an open-market country is actually part of the
international oil market. even if most of that country's domestic oil is
usually sold to consumers within its borders.
(D) Open-market countries that export little or none of their oil can
maintain stable domestic oil prices even when international oil prices rise
sharply.
(E) If international oil prices rise.domestic distributors of oil in openmarket countries will begin to import more oil than they export
04. In a study of job applicants, two-fifths admitted to being at least a
little dishonest. However, the study may
underestimate the proportion of job applicants who are dishonest,
because____.
A. some dishonest people taking the survey might have claimed on the
survey to be honest
B. some generally honest people taking the survey might have claimed on
the survey to be dishonest
C. some people who claimed on the survey to be at least a little dishonest
may be very dishonest
D. some people who claimed on the survey to be dishonest may have
been answering honestly
E. some people who are not job applicants are probably at least a little
dishonest
05. People should be held accountable for their own behavior, and if
holding people accountable for their own behavior entails capital
punishment, then so be it. However, no person should be held
accountable for behavior over which he or she had no control.
Which of the following is the most logical conclusion of the argument
above?

A) People should not be held accountable for the behavior of other

people.
B) People have control over their own behavior.
c) People cannot control the behavior of other people.
D) Behavior that cannot be controlled should not be punished.
E) People have control over behavior that is subject to capital punishment
(critical one! correct answer could be B or E), I searched in different forum, result is confusing. I think E most correct.

06. The income distribution of the richest and poorest 20% of the world
shows that it was 32 to 1 in 1970, 45 to 1 in 1980, 61 to 1 in 1990 and 70
to 1 in 2000.
This means that
A. income of both rich and poor increases.
B. population of poor section increases more than of the rich section.
C. rich people exploit poor people
D. inequality increases
E. global development takes place
07. The quantitative supply of labor (as well as its qualitative
composition) depends on the following variables: the size of the
population, its age-sex composition, marital structure and participation
rates in the labor force in accordance with these factors.
Each of the following, if true, could affect the supply of labor EXCEPT:
A. Marital status of females
B. Birth and death rates
C. Number of employment agencies
D. Immigration and emigration
E. Educational level of population
08. It takes one girl 4 days to embroider one shirt and she is paid Tk. 50
per shirt. It takes two girls to embroider one saree in 56 days and they
are paid Tk. 1,000 per saree shared equally. We can calculate that:
A. One girl can earn more embroidering one shirt after another than
working on a saree continuously.
B. One girl can earn more by embroidering a saree.
C. Two girls work better together.
D. Work is quicker when they work collectively
E. Work is quicker when they work collectively

09. In 1980, global service exports totaled about $370 billion,

approximately 20 percent of world trade. Still, no
coherent system of rules, principles, and procedures exists to govern
trade in services. Which of the following best
summarizes the argument?
A. Regulatory systems lag behind reality.
B. A regulatory system ought to reflect the importance of service
exports.
C. World trade totaled $1850 billion in 1980
D. Service trade legislation is a veritable wasteland.
E. While trade legislation exists, it is uncoordinated.
10. A larger number of newspapers are purchased by the citizens of Dhaka
city than those of Chittagong city.
Therefore, the citizens of Dhaka city are better in formed about major
world events than those of Chittagong city. Each of the following, it true,
weakens the conclusion above except:
A. Dhaka city has a larger population than Chittagong city.
B. Most citizens of Chittagong city work in Dhaka city and buy
newspapers there.
C. The average citizen of Dhaka city spends less time in reading
newspapers than does the average citizen of Chittagong city.
D. A weekly newspaper restricted to the coverage of local events is
published in the Dhaka city.
E. The average newsstand price of newspapers sold in Dhaka city is
lower than the average price on newspapers sold in Chittagong city.
11. It is difficult to measure the productivity of service workers. For
example, postal workers are often said to be
more productive if they can delver more letters. What it delivered? The
objection implied above to the productivity measure described is based
on doubts about the truth of which of the following statements?
a) Postal workers are representatives of service workers in general.
b) The delivery of letters is the primary activity of the postal service.
c) The quality of services rendered can appropriately be ignored in

computing productivity.
d) Productivity should be ascribed to categories of workers, not to
individuals.
e) The number of letters delivered is relevant to measuring the
productivity of postal workers.
12. A and B walk at five kilometers speed. C walks at five and a half
kilometers speed. D walks at four and a half
kilometers speed. E is slower than B. Which of the following is true?
a) A is the slowest of all
b) B is the speediest of all
c) E is the slowest of all
d) E and A have equal speed.
e) C is the speediest of all.
13. A survey was recently conducted among the high school students of a
certain town to measure the effect of
environmental factors on attitudes and behavior, and the results
indicated that students who play a ;minimum of two hours per day of
violent video games are more likely to engage in violent behavior in
school and at home. Therefore, playing violent video games encourages
violence among teens. Which of the following, if true, would most
weaken the argument above?
a) The same survey was conducted in a neighboring town with similar
results.
b) Playing violent video games keeps violent teenagers at home and
prevents them from engaging in publicly aggressive behavior.
c) The survey used a standard question format that did not allow students
to produce responses that could not be interpreted incorrectly.
d) Students who play violent video games often have a history of
behavioral issues leading back to early childhood.
e) The survey was given over a period of days to ensure that all students
attending the high school would participate.
14. World War if had a profound effect on the growth of nascent
businesses. The Acme Packaging Company netted only $10,000 in the year
before the War. By 1984 it was earning almost ten times that figure.

Which of the following assumptions applies as the basis for the argument?
A. Acmes growth rate is representative of other nascent businesses.
B. An annual profit of $10,000 is not especially high.
C. Wars inevitably stimulate a nations growth.
D. Rapid growth for nascent businesses is especially desirable.
E. Acme is not characterized by responsible, farsighted managers.
15. Recently in city X, residential developers have stopped buying land,
contractors are going without work or longer periods, and specialty
workers such as, electricians are relying more or less lucrative, existinghome remodeling jobs. There must be fewer new residents moving to City
X than there were previously.
Which of the following, if true, indicates a flaw in the reasoning above?
A. This year several housing developments have gone on the market after
being held up for months by legal red tape.
B. The average size of new home has increases significantly over the past
years.
C. The populations of the City X is projected to grow by 4% this year,
compared with only 3% for last year.
D. The cost of materials such as lumber and cement has decreased over
the past year.
E. Sales of other big-tickets, such as automobiles and boats, have
remained steady over the past year.
16. Automobiles use 20 percent of all energy consumed in Bangladesh.
Suppose that the Jatio Sangsad of Bangladesh has passed legislation
requiring all cars builds after 2005 to be twice as energy efficient,
eventually automobiles will consume on 10 percent. The argument makes
which of the following assumptions?
A. CNG cars willl not become widely available
B. The public will not be buying twice as many cars in 2005 as it is
currently.
C. As cars become more energy-efficient, the public does not increase
its use of cars.
D. Cars will actually be three times as energy-efficient cars in 2005.
E. Cars will not be significantly more expensive in 2005.
17. Disposable diapers, while a convenience, are an environmental
disaster. If people would use cloth diapers instead of those made of

disposable paper, much less aper would be produced savings millions of

trees each year.
Therefore, people should go back to buying washing and reusing cloth
diapers and Earth's precious natural resources would not be consumed so
rapidly. This argument depends on which of the following assumptions?
A. Cloth diapers are never disposed of.
B. The current trend in infant care is doing things the old-fashioned way.
C. The process of washing cloth diapers consumes less natural
resources than that of using disposable diapers.
D. Modern people like their conveniences more than anything else.
E. The annual cost to the consumer of using cloth diapers is only 20% the
annual cost of suing disposable diapers.
18. A drug that is highly effective in treating many types of infection can,
at present, be obtained only from the bark of the ibora, a tree that is
quite rare in the wild. It takes the bark of 5,000 trees to make one
kilogram of the drug. It follows, therefore, that continued production of
the drug must inevitably lead to the ibora's extinction. Which of the
following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
A) The drug made from ibora bark is dispensed to doctors from a central
authority.
B) The drug made from ibora bark is expensive to produce.
C) The leaves of the ibora are used in a number of medical products.
D) The ibora can be propagated from cuttings and grown under
cultivation.
E) The ibora generally grows in largely inaccessible places.
19. Most antidepressant drugs cause weight gain. While dieting can help
reduce the amount of weight gained while taking such antidepressants,
some weight gain is unlikely to be preventable.
The information above most strongly supports which one of the following?
A) A physician should not prescribe any antidepressant drug for a patient
if that patient is overweight.
B) People who are trying to lose weight should not ask their doctors for an
antidepressant drug.
C) At least some patients taking antidepressant drugs gain weight as a
result of taking them.
D) The weight gain experienced by patients taking antidepressant drugs
should be attributed to lack of dieting.

E) All patients taking antidepressant drugs should diet to maintain their

weight
20. Employers do not need to be concerned about the happiness of their
employees since psychology has shown us that all creatures do what
makes them happiest. Therefore anyone who is an employee must be
happy.
Which of the following is the most serious flaw in the above reasoning?
A. No objective evidence is pretended to support psychological
conclusion.
B. The author applies the knowledge of one discipline to another field
in which this knowledge is appropriate.
C. No distinction is made between the types of the jobs performed be
employees
D. By increasing employee happiness an employer can reduce the
turnover rate of his employees
E. The analogy used does not take into consideration degrees of
happiness.
21. When we observe the activities of the team-based sports like football
and cricket, we find that the teams display strong socialist tendencies in
their requirement of individual subordination to the authority of coaches
and managers.
Which conclusion may not be inferred from the information?
A. All team sports are authoritarian.
B. All team players are subordinates to their coaches.
C. Without employee subordination to managerial authority,
production for profit would not be possible.
D. all team-based sports have socialist tendencies.
E. Individual subordination to authority is an aspect of socialism.
22. Factors that affect supply of labor are the size of the population, the
age-sex composition, marital status, the rate of participation in labor
force and some others. Which of the following is not likely to be one of
such factors?
A. Birth and death rates
B. Immigration and emigration
C. Literacy are

D. Number of employment agencies

E. Martial status of the female workers
23. Lux toilet soap is considered the best in the market and this has been
established in a survey of 12 persons, all of whom said that they used Lux
on a regular basis. Which of the following would most weaken the
argument in favor of Lux?
A. Birth and death rates
B. Immigration and emigration
C. Literacy are
D. Number of employment agencies
E. Marital status of the female workers
24. The consumer price index (CPI) in Bangladesh is expected to grow up
next month because of an increase in the prices of selected food items.
Which of the following cannot be inferred from the argument?
A. The food prices have already risen sharply.
B. People started rationing their food consumption.
C. Food items claim a majority share of items in CPI.
D. Changes in food prices are quickly reflected in CPI.
E. There had been no significant decrease in prices of other items that
make CPI.
25. In Bangladesh corruption is a common phenomenon. We have no
research findings about why people are involved in corruption. Some
might say that the cause of corruption is poverty or lack of proper system
or lack of religious education. However, no one can confidently say that
this is the only cause of corruption. What can be inferred from the above
statements?
A. We are not sure about the causes of corruption, although we have
some guess about them.
B. We have no idea about the causes of corruption.
C. Corruption is bad for the society.
D. The causes of corruption could be poverty or lack of proper system or
lack of religious education or a combination of them.
E. The causes of corruption is still unknown to us.

26. Neither a rising standard of living nor balanced trade, by itself,

establishes a countrys ability to compete in the international
marketplace. Both are required simultaneously since standards of living
can rise because of growing trade deficits and trade can be balanced by
means of a decline in a countrys standard of living. According to this
statement, a proper test of a countrys ability to be competitive is its
ability to:
A. balance its trade while its standard of living rises.
B. balance its trade while its standard of living falls.
C. increases trade deficits while its standard of living rises.
D. decrease trade deficits while its standard of living falls.
E. keep its standard of living constant while trade deficit rises.
27. Shahid must be a soldier, he is wearing a helmet. The conclusion is
valid if it is true that:
A. All soldiers wear helmets.
B. Soldiers never wear any kind of cap other than helmet.
C. Only soldiers wear helmets
D. Soldiers often wear helmets.
E. Soldiers are required to wear helmets.
28. An electronics companys two departments showed consistent
performance over the last two years. In each year the audiovisual
department accounted for roughly 30% of the companys sales and 70% of
the companys profits over the period, while the home appliance
department accounted for the balance. Which of the following
statements regarding the last two years can be inferred from the
statement?
A. The audiovisual department is growing faster than the home appliance
department.
B. The home appliance department has realized lower profits per Taka
of sales than has the audiovisual department.
C. Total sales (in Tk) of the two departments have research and
development efforts in the audiovisual department than in the home
appliance department.

E. To maximize profitability, the company should focus its resources on

the home appliance.
29. A debate on how to define business goes on until today. Should the
firm emphasize customer satisfaction of product attributes for success in
business? Which of the following arguments intensifies this debate?
A. Focusing too much on customer satisfaction may dampen quality
and innovation.
B. Product orientation alienates customer orientation objectives.
C. Both types of orientations shatter firms mission.
D. Firms are at least profitable even if they are indifferent to these
orientations.
E. firms generate better progress through cognition of this debate.
30. People in their fifties are more prone to avert risks when they invest.
The popular belief about the young bloods is on the other hand that they
would jump into the fire of risk to check how much they reap earnings
from such attempt. Which of the following statements make this
comment faulty?
A. The author did not mention the type of the investment.
B. The statement did not mention the geographic location of the
investors.
C. There was no mention of the time period.
D. The statement is based on the authors own views.
E. The author did not mention why there was such a difference.
31. Violent crime in a city is becoming a serious problem. Compared to
the last year, local law enforcing agencies
have responded to only 17% more calls involving violent crimes, showing
that the average citizen of the town is more likely than ever to become a
victim of a violent crime. Which of the following, if true, most weakens
the argument?
A. The towns overall crime rate appears to have risen slightly this year
compared to the last year.
B. In general, persons under the age of 65 are more likely to be victims of
violent crime than those over the age of 65.
C. As a result of the towns community outreach programs, more

people than ever are willing to report violent crimes to proper

authorities.
D. In response to the worries about violent crimes the town has recently
opened a community center organizing supervised activities for teenagers.
E. Community officials have shown that a relatively small number of
repeat offenders commit the majority of violent rimes in the town.
32. Although income level is different on average, yet rural people have
more purchasing power than same income
class in urban households mostly because of the ability rural households
hold to use part of their income otherwise
used by urban household for food and shelter. Which of the following
inferences best describes the above statement?
a. Suburban households generally have more purchasing power than both
rural and urban households.
b. The average rural household includes more people than that of urban
households.
c. Rural households have least income used for housing and foods than
the urban households.
d. The median of urban household income is higher than that of rural
people.
e. All of the household groups spend most of their funds for housing and
food.
33. In an effort to save money, Mr. Kabir is considering shutting down one
of the largest textile units that has been just breaking even for the last
five years. However, without this unit, many workers will lose their jobs.
Thus, Mr. Kabir, who is intending to shut down the unit, will eventually
have to provide these workers with money for terminating jobs without
legitimate reasons. Which of the following states the conclusion of the
passage above?
a. The necessity of providing money to workers who will lose their
jobs will prevent Mr. Kabir from shutting down the textile unit.
b. If Mr. Kabir shuts down the textile unit, this will eventually force him
to reopen in future.
c. All the workers, who have lost jobs, will find jobs elsewhere.

d. If the market demand for textile products increases in future Mr. Kabir
will not be able to restart the unit.
e. Terminating workers for reducing spending to save money will result in
job insecurity and probably unrest
among workers of other units.
34. Total number of students of 5 departments of the Faculty of Business
studies is greater than total number of
students of 6 departments of the Science Faculty of Dhaka University.
What can we say if one of the departments is dropped from the faculty of
Business Studies?
a. We cannot draw any conclusion.
b. Total number of students in both the faculties will be equal.
c. Total number of students of the Faculty of Business Studies is gerater
than the total number of students of the Science Faculty.
d. Total number of students of the Science Faculty will still be greater
than the total number of students of the Faculty of Business Studies.
e. Total number of students of the Science Faculty is slightly less than the
total number of students of the Faculty of Business Studies.
35. After the global financial crisis in October 2008, most of the stock
exchanges experienced massive fall. However, the stock markets in
Bangladesh experienced minimum impact in comparison to those in other
countries mostly due to minimum foreign portfolio exposure. Therefore,
given the above statement it can be concluded that:
a. Global financial crisis was due to foreign portfolio investment.
b. Because of global crisis foreign fund rushed to Bangladesh so it did not
suffer from crisis.
c. Since the foreign portfolio exposure to Bangladesh stock exchange
was minimum, so withdrawal of such funds had little impact on the
indices and price levels in Bangladesh.
d. Bangladesh securities market is insensitive to international market.
e. Other factors like political and economic conditions enabled
Bangladesh to overcome such pressure .
36. Mr. Kamal must be a lawyer, as he is carrying a briefcase. This
conclusion is valid only if it is true that :

a. Lawyers never carry any kind of container other than the briefcase.
b. All lawyers carry briefcases.
c. Lawyers are required to carry briefcases.
d. Only lawyers carry briefcases.
e. Lawyers often carry briefcases.
37. A long distance runner has just completed running 28 miles. How long
did it take him to finish the journey?
(i) He averaged 8 miles per hour
(ii) Running at the same rate, he could have run 12 miles in 1 hours.
A. Both statements together are sufficient to answer the question.
B. Each statement is sufficient by itself to answer the question asked.
C. Both statement together are not sufficient to answer the question
asked.
D. Statement (ii) is alone sufficient to answer the question asked.
E. Statement (i) is alone sufficient to answer the question asked.
38. Ratna is taller than Sima. Karim is taller than Somit. Somit is shorter
than Amit. Sima and Amit are of the same height. If the above is true,
which of the following conditions must also be true?
A. Karim is taller than Amit
B. Karim is taller than Ratna
C. Sima is shorter than Karim
D. Ratna is taller than Somit
E. Sima is taller than Karim
39. In a television interview, the principal of a school claims that 75% of
the scholars in the region graduated from
their institution. What is the hidden message the principal wants to
convey to the public?
A. All graduate of the school become scholar after graduation.
B. Only scholars take admission in the school.
C. Only brilliant students take admission in the school.
D. The quality of education in the school is excellent.
E. The school provides specialized education.

40. Two salesmen are consistently performing for the sales department of
ABC ltd. Salesman X is helping to generate 30 percent of sales and 60
percent of profits; and salesman Y is accounting for the remaining. Which
of the following statements conform to the statement above?
A. Total sales for the sales department remained roughly constant.
B. Salesman X faced tougher competition in his bit than Y.
C. Salesman X realized more profit for each taka of sales than Y.
D. The same product had been sold by both X and Y.
E. Higher profitability leads to higher futures sales of X than sales of Y.
41. In our society, the teacher-student ratio was 1:50 back in 1978. Today
the ratio is 1:100. The total student
population has increased significantly over the past 30 years. Which
conclusion can you draw from the above
statement?
A. Increase in the number of students caused this situation.
B. Proportionately less increase in the number of teachers was
responsible for the situation.
C. Not many new educational institutions came up during the period.
D. Both increase in the number of students and proportionately less
increase in the number of teachers caused this situation.
E. Poor teaching method was responsible for this situation.
42. The average normal infant born in Bangladesh weighs between 12 and
14 pounds at the age of four months. If a four-month-old child weighs
only 11 pounds, its weight gain has been below the Bangladesh average.
Which of the following indicates a flaw in the reasoning above?
A. Weight is one of many indicators of normal infant development.
B. Some four-month-old children may weigh more than 14 pounds.
C. A normal child also weigh less than 12 pounds at birth.
D. Average weight gain is not the same as average weight.
E. A child having 11 pounds weight does not necessarily mean insufficient
development.
43. The productivity of food crops per acre doubled, so the total food
production in the country has also doubled. Which of the following, if

true, will seriously weaken the claim above?

A. The amount of cultivable land has increased .
B. The farmers have moved from the cultivation of food crops to that of
cash crops significantly.
C. The farmers got adequate supply of fertilizers.
D. The labor cost did not increase significantly.
E. The cost of fertilizer did not increase at all.
44. If rains are dropping it must be rainy season. This statement can be
true if which of the following statements were true?
A. Rains drop very frequently in the rainy season.
B. Rainy season is good for farmers.
C. Rains drop only during rainy season.
D. Rains do not drop only in rainy season.
E. During rainy season, rains make a storm.
45. Stronger patent laws are needed to protect inventions from being
pirated. With that protection, manufacturers would be encouraged to
invest in the development of new products and technologies. Such
investment frequently results in an increase in a manufacturer s
productivity. Which of the following conclusions can most properly be
drawn from the information above?
A. Stronger patent laws tend to benefit financial institutions as well as
manufacturers.
B. Increased productivity in manufacturing is likely to be accompanied by
the creation of more manufacturing jobs.
C. Manufacturers will decrease investment in the development of new
products and technologies unless there are stronger patent laws.
D. The weakness of current patent laws has been a cause of economic
recession.
E. Stronger patent laws would stimulate improvements in productivity
for many manufacturers.
46. If Mr. Salauddins statement is correct, then the events he predicts
will happen. The events he predicted did
happen. Therefore his statement is correct. Which of the following
arguments has a logical structure that most nearly resembles that of the

argument above?
A. If we win the game, we will be the league champions.
B. If the fan is running, then electricity must be on. The electricity is on;
therefore, the fan must be running.
C. If the store is open, I will buy a shirt. I think the store is open;
therefore, I should be able to buy a shirt.
D. If Javed answers his phone, then my prediction is correct. I predict
that he is at home; therefore, he will answer his phone.
E. If Selim flight is delayed, he will miss his appointment. He kept his
appointment; therefore, his flight must have been on time.