1 Introduction

Energy is the property of matter that is manifested as a capacity to perform work as defined by
Oxford Dictionaries.com (2012). There are many forms of energy; namely wind energy, solar
energy, tidal energy, etc. In practical, those energies mentioned are purely natural energy, which
means that they must be transformed or converted into other form that can be used extensively
and functionally. In particular, electric energy, heat energy and mechanical energy are energies
that show usefulness for people in the world. They are so useful that the world community would
die without it; the street light would no longer shine, the car could never move, hot-bath would
became history, television would lost its purpose etc. Those mentioned natural energy are
renewable, and environmentally friendly, but however, some of them are not, such as energy that
stored in fuels, specifically fossil fuels which are the remains of prehistoric plants and animals
that have been compressed over millions of years, when they burnt in car they provide
mechanical energy (motive power) to the car. The problem with burning fossil fuels is that they
release greenhouse gases which get trapped in the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases absorb
and re-emit radiation from the sun which causes global warming. Also, fossil fuels are not
sustainable, from figure 1 below, it can be seen that if we go on using them in the same quantity
as today, they would eventually exhausted after 110 years. So it is necessary and essential to find
an alternative to the fossil fuels. Researchers soon came up with idea that hydrogen could be one
possible alternative. In fact, hydrogen fuel is the best alternative to fossil fuels because it is
renewable and it is the most abundant element on the earth. Hydrogen comprises more than 75
percent of the environment. When hydrogen is used as fuel, it works together with oxygen from
air to produce electricity to power the onboard electric motor that drive the car, the electricity
generation is carried out in fuel cell where the waste products are only water, vapour and heat
rather than greenhouse gases, which is environmental friendly. Moreover, it is about twice as
efficient as combustion energies. Not only for car, hydrogen fuel cell can also for be used at
home as alternative electrical generator to power electronic devices in home. However,
production of hydrogen could be a challenge to the hydrogen economy. Although hydrogen
comprises more than 75 percent of the environment as mentioned, but it exists primarily in
combination with other elements, for hydrogen to be useful for fuel, it must exist as free
hydrogen. The most common source of hydrogen is water which contained 11.2 percent of
hydrogen by weight so, water is a suitable candidate for the hydrogen source, and the common
process extracting hydrogen from water is called electrolysis, while the other method being
thermolysis of water. Nevertheless, the dominant technology currently for direct production of
hydrogen is steam reforming from hydrocarbons (fossil fuels) which, obviously are not
sustainable and supplies may become limited in the near future also, undesirable by products

such as carbon monoxide is produced during steam reforming, so it is very hard to globalize the
use of hydrogen fuel cell and make it a convincible alternative to fossil fuels energy.
Therefore, I and my teammate decided to explore effective and possibly low emission ways to
produce hydrogen. Particularly, I will deal with (individual topic put here)... while my team
members will discuss about the hydrogen production from waste, the storing methods, detail
about hydrogen fuel cell and the dynamic combustion chamber.