ENGINE TYPE

A petrol engine (known as a gasoline engine) is an internal combustion

engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol (gasoline) and similar
volatile fuels. In most petrol engines, the fuel and air are usually pre-mixed
before compression (although some modern petrol engines now use cylinderdirect petrol injection). The pre-mixing was formerly done in a carburetor.
Mitsubishi Lancer 2005 has an engine code of 4G19 with following engine
specs
1.4 L 4G33 I4 (gasoline)
4-inline engine cylinder having (73 x 86) mm bore and stroke.
There was also an MCA-Jet equipped G33B developed to fulfill the
1978
Unleaded fuel 87
Fuel consumption: EPA urban (mpg): 25, country/highway (mpg): 31
and combined (mpg): 27
Fuel economy EPA highway (mpg): 31 and EPA city (mpg): 25
Multi-point injection fuel system
13.2 gallon main unleaded fuel tank
Power: 89 kW , 120 HP SAE @ 5,500 rpm; 130 ft lb , 176 Nm @ 4,250
rpm

ENGINE CYLINDER
A cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine, the space in
which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side
in a bank, or engine block, which is typically cast from aluminum or cast
iron before
receiving
precision
machine
work.
Cylinders
may
be sleeved (lined with a harder metal) or sleeveless (with a wear-resistant
coating such as Nikiski). A sleeveless engine may also be referred to as a
"patent-bore engine
Mitsubishi has sleeved engine cylinder walls made up of aluminum having
dimensions of 73mm bore and 86 mm stroke

VALVE SYSTEM
The valve train consists of the valves and a mechanism that opens and closes
them. The opening and closing system is called a camshaft. The camshaft has
lobes on it that move the valves up and down, as shown in figure

Most modern engines have what are called overhead cams. This means that
the camshaft is located above the valves, as you see in Figure. The cams on
the shaft activate the valves directly or through a very short linkage. Older
engines used a camshaft located in the sump near the crankshaft. Rods linked
the cam below to valve lifters above the valves. This approach has more
moving parts and also causes more lag between the cam's activation of the
valve and the valve's subsequent motion. A timing belt or timing chain links
the crankshaft to the camshaft so that the valves are in sync with the pistons.
The camshaft is geared to turn at one-half the rate of the crankshaft. Many
high-performance engines have four valves per cylinder (two for intake, two
for exhaust), and this arrangement requires two camshafts per bank of
cylinders, hence the phrase "dual overhead cams."
Mitsubishi uses MIVEC valve system for its models from 2005 to 2012. MIVEC
(Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing Electronic Control system) is the brand
name of a variable valve timing (VVT) engine technology developed
by Mitsubishi Motors. MIVEC, as with other similar systems, varies the timing
of the intake and exhaust camshafts which increases the power and torque
output over a broad engine speed range while also being able to help spool a
turbocharger more quickly.
MIVEC was first introduced in 1992 in

their 4G92 power plant. The conventional 4G92 engine provided 145 PS
(107 kW; 143 hp) at 7000 rpm, the MIVEC-equipped engine could achieve
175 PS (129 kW; 173 hp) at 7500 rpm.

MIVEC-MD:
In the early years of developing its MIVEC technology, Mitsubishi also
introduced a variant dubbed MIVEC-MD (Modulated Displacement), a form
of variable displacement. Under a light throttle load, the intake and exhaust
valves in two of the cylinders would remain closed, and the reduced pumping
losses gave a claimed 1020 percent improvement in fuel economy.
Modulated Displacement was dropped around 1996.

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
A machine consists of a power source and a power transmission system,
which provides controlled application of the power. Merriam-Webster
defines transmission as an assembly of parts including the speed-changing
gears and the propeller shaft by which the power is transmitted from an
engine to a live axle. Often transmission refers simply to the gearbox that uses
gears and gear trains to provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating
power source to another device.
Mitsubishi lancer offers three types of transmission system
4-speed manual (super shift transmission).
5-speed manual.
3-speed automatic.

Super Shift Transmission:

The Super Shift transmission, also marketed as Twin-Stick, was
a manual transaxle transmission developed by Mitsubishi Motors in late
1970s. The Super Shift gearbox was developed from a standard five-speed
manual transmission for use in the first generation Mitsubishi Mirage, the
company's first front wheel drive model. As the transmission was mounted
beneath the engine, the gearbox needed to take power down from the clutch.
It was not possible to do this directly as this would have meant that the
gearbox rotated in the opposite direction to that required, and therefore the
use of an extra 'idle' shaft was required. It was subsequently realized that this

shaft could be modified as a separate 2-speed gearbox, which would be

controlled by a secondary shift lever mounted alongside the main gear shift
lever inside the cabin.

5-Speed Manual:
Mitsubishi lancer also comes in 5 speed manual transmission. A manual
transmission, also known as a manual gearbox, stick shift (for vehicles with
hand-lever shifters), standard transmission, n-speed manual (n depending on
gears) or colloquially a stick (for hand-shifters), is a type of transmission used
in motor vehicle applications. It uses a driver-operated clutch engaged and
disengaged by a foot pedal (automobile) or hand lever (motorcycle), for
regulating torque transfer from the engine to the transmission; and a gear
selector operated by hand (automobile) or by foot (motorcycle).

CVT Transmission:
Mitsubishi lancer 2005 model also comes in CVT transmission system and it
was the first vehicle to use this transmission system. A continuously variable
transmission (CVT), (also known as single-speed transmission, gearless
transmission, one-speed automatic, variable pulley transmission, or in case of
motorcycles, a twist-and-go) is a transmission that can change seamlessly
through an infinite number of effective gear ratios between maximum and
minimum values. This contrasts with other mechanical transmissions that offer
a fixed number of gear ratios. The flexibility of a CVT allows the input shaft to
maintain a constant angular velocity.

BRAKING SYSTEM
Most modern cars have disc brakes on the front wheels, and some have disc
brakes on all four wheels. This is the part of the brake system that does the
actual work of stopping the car.
The most common type of disc brake on modern cars is the single-piston
floating caliper.
A brake is a mechanical device which inhibits motion, slowing or stopping a
moving object or preventing its motion. And the system which performs this
process is known as Braking System.
There are mainly two types of braking system used in automobiles:
1) Drum brake.
2) Disc brake.

Drum Brake:
A drum brake is a brake that uses friction caused by a set
of shoes or pads that press against a rotating drum-shaped part called a brake
drum.

Disc Brake:
A disc brake is a wheel brake that slows rotation of the wheel by the friction
caused by pushing brake pads against a brake disc with a set of calipers.

Disk brake system is used in Mitsubishi Lancer 2005 for brakes.

FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine.
It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive engines
having replaced carburetors during the 1980s and 1990s. A variety of injection
systems have existed since the earliest usage of the internal combustion
engine.
The primary difference between carburetors and fuel injection is that fuel
injection atomizes the fuel by forcibly pumping it through a small nozzle under
high pressure, while a carburetor relies on suction created by intake air
accelerated through a Venture tube to draw the fuel into the airstream.

A variety of injection systems have existed since the earliest usage of the
internal combustion engine.
A fuel injection system is designed and calibrated specifically for the type(s) of
fuel it will handle. Most fuel injection systems are for gasoline
or diesel applications.

Working Principle:
The fuel injector is only a nozzle and a valve: the power to inject the fuel
comes from a pump or a pressure container farther back in the fuel supply.

This is a fuel injection system of Mitsubishi Lancer 2005 having 4 stroke Petrol
engine and 4 nozzles are used for fuel injection.

Cooling System
Internal combustion engine cooling uses either air or a liquid to remove the
waste heat from an internal combustion engine.
Cooling systems are of mainly two types:
1) Air-cooling system.
2) Liquid cooling system.

Air-cooling system:
In these systems, engines are cooled by the air which flows nearby to the
engine and thus extra heat is moved away by the process of convection. Aircooling systems are commonly used in small airplanes.

Liquid Cooling System:

In this cooling system, a liquid coolant runs through a heat exchanger
(radiator) that is cooled by the air. Most liquid-cooled engines use a mixture of
water and chemicals such as antifreeze and rust inhibitors. Normally, a liquid
with different properties, such as propylene glycol or a combination of
propylene glycol and ethylene glycol.
Mitsubishi Lancer Radiator Fan is found immediately in front of vehicle's
radiator and sends fresher outdoor air around the radiator fins. Its Radiator
Fan is turned by belts and is built out of either metal or plastic and is normally
guarded by a plastic or metal shroud. The Mitsubishi Lancer Radiator Fan
drives cool exterior air into the radiator to increase the cooling process. A
Mitsubishi Lancer Radiator Fan boosts air flow through the radiator so that
the coolant is successfully cooled. Mitsubishi Lancer Radiator Fans facilitate
the circulation of cooler air through the car's cooling system, especially when
the automobile is not in motion.

SUSPENSION SYSTEM
Suspension is the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that
connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two.
There are two purposes of a suspension system:
1) It allows the vehicle's handling and braking for good active safety and
driving pleasure.
2) It keeps the vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated
from road noise, bumps, and vibrations, etc.

The design of front and rear suspension of a car may be different.

Obviously any four wheel vehicle needs suspension for both the front wheels
and the rear suspension, but in two wheel drive vehicles these can be very
different configuration. For front wheel drive rear suspension has few
constraints and a variety of beam axles and independent suspension are
used. Rare wheel drive cares rear suspension has many constraints and the
development
of
the
superior
but
more
expensive independent
suspension layout has been difficult. Four-wheel drive often has suspensions
that are similar for both the front and rear wheels. There are different types of
suspension system used in vehicles

The rare suspension on a truck

Mitsubishi lancer offers solid axle suspension system

HOW CAR SUSPENSIONS WORK

The job of a car suspension is to maximize the friction between the tires and
the road surface, to provide steering stability with good handling and to ensure
the comfort of the passengers.
if a road were perfectly flat, with no irregularities, suspensions wouldn't be
necessary. But roads are far from flat. Even freshly paved highways have
subtle imperfections that can interact with the wheels of a car. It's these
imperfections that apply forces to the wheels. According to Newton's laws of
motion, all forces have both magnitude and direction. A bump in the road
causes the wheel to move up and down perpendicular to the road surface.
The magnitude, of course, depends on whether the wheel is striking a giant
bump or a tiny speck. Either way, the car wheel experiences a vertical
acceleration as it passes over an imperfection.
Without an intervening structure, all of wheel's vertical energy is transferred to
the frame, which moves in the same direction. In such a situation, the wheels
can lose contact with the road completely. Then, under the downward force
of gravity the wheels can slam back into the road surface. What you need is a
system that will absorb the energy of the vertically accelerated wheel, allowing
the frame and body to ride undisturbed while the wheels follow bumps in the
road.

DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM MECHANISM

Definition:
A differential is a particular type of simple planetary gear train that has the
property that the angular velocity of its carrier is the average of the angular
velocities of its sun and annular gears. This is accomplished by packaging the
gear train so it has a fixed carrier train ratio R = -1, which means the gears
corresponding to the sun and annular gears are the same size. This can be
done by engaging the planet gears of two identical and coaxial epicyclical
gear trains to form a spur gear differential. Another approach is to use bevel
gears for the sun and annular gears and a bevel gear as the planet, which is
known as a bevel gear differential.

Application In Automobiles:
In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows the outer
drive wheel to rotate faster than the inner drive wheel during a turn. This is
necessary when the vehicle turns, making the wheel that is traveling around
the outside of the turning curve roll farther and faster than the other. The
average of the rotational speed of the two driving wheel equals the input
rotational speed of the drive shaft. An increase in the speed of one wheel is
balanced by a decrease in the speed of the other.
There are different types of differential system used in vehicles according to
their requirement. Four wheel drive needs separate differential system than
two wheel drive. Mitsubishi uses spur gear differential system in their most
vehicles.