Gambling Book Bibliography of Games Used To Cheat People.

------ScoundrelsBibliography ScoundrelsGallery ScoundrelsGlossary ScoundrelsPatter ScoundrelsSightings ScoundrelsFilm
ScoundrelsSayings [[http://whithaydn.com/smf/ Scoundrels Forum]]

------====The Scoundrels Bibliography====
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various scams of the street con man.
------======**Fast and Loose Bibliography**======
Acer, David. **Natural Selections 2**
Adept, An. **A Grand Expose of The Science of Gambling**, Frederic A. Brady, No. 24 Ann Street, New York, 1860
Describes Pricking the Garter as "The Strap Game" and includes a couple of stories about it being played in the old
west.
Ayling, Will, Lewis Ganson, Fred Lowe, and Rex Taylor. **The Endless Chain. Moves, ideas, patter presentations and
routines**. Photographed by Will Ayling; in the Supreme 'Know-How'series, Bideford, The Supreme Company, 1983 , 44
pg.
Bertram, Charles: **Isn't it wonderful?** London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co., Ltd, 1896
Briefly describes Three Card Monte, The Purse Game, Thimble Rig, and Pricking The Garter in the chapter
"Sharps on the Turf" beginning on page 181.
Blake, George. **Loopy LoopA Treatise on the Endless Chain**, George Blake, 95 St Alban Rd, Leeds, 1949.
Blake, George. **Loopy LoopA Treatise on the Endless Chain, Revised**, George Blake, 95 St Alban Rd, Leeds, 1968.
Brahams, Anthony and Porstmann, Mike. **Karl Norman -- 40 Years at the Forks** , Anthony Brahams, Suffolk 1995
Brooke, Ken. **The Endless Chain. Instructions by Lewis Ganson.** Copyright by Harry Stanley "Unique Magic Studio"
London W.1.4 pg. A4
Cairy, Clyde F. **Rice Encyclopedia of Rope Tricks**. Includes Double-barreled barrel head, vol 3.
Crambrook, W. H. M.: **Crambrook's Catalogue of Magical Curiosities and Deceptions** T. C. Savill, London, 1843
Cremer. **Magic No Mystery**
Available for free from [[http://www.archive.org/details/magicnomysteryco00cremrich The Internet Archive]].
Fedko, John. Chain of No Return, **Magic Treasures**, Fedko Magic Co., Santa Ana, 1996.
Fisher, John: **Never Give a Sucker an Even Break**. New York: Pantheon Books, 1976
Ganson, Lewis. **The Art of Close Up Magic Volume 1**. Harry Stanley, London, 1967. Endless Chain routines are: The
Figure 8 by George Blake, Two Novel Moves by George Blake, and Triple Circle Routine by Fred Lowe with long chain
and triple loops.
Gardner, Martin: **Encyclopedia of Impromptu Magic**. Magic, Inc., Chicago, Il., 1978 pg. 17
Hay, Henry: **The Amateur Magician's Handbook**. New York: Nal Penguin Inc., 1982
Haydn, Whit. **School for Scoundrels Notes on Fast and Loose**. The School for Scoundrels. 44pg, spiral bound. Full
coverage of the endless chain routine. Describes the throw, convincing moves, and so forth. Designed from the point of
view of the real street con.
Haydn, Whit. //Fast & Loose,// **Whit HaydnFast & Loose**, Four Ring Productions, Los Angeles, 1982.
Kerr, Larin R. **Endless Chain and Endless Ring**. Chain, ring and methods sold by Fantastic Magic Co. of
Pennsylvania,1971, 5 pg. A4.
Lever, Derek. **Ken Brooke and Friends, Volume 1** "The Endless Chain" (Ken Brooke) p. 95 ff., Taurus, Lancashire,
England, 1986
Lowe, Fred. //Super Chain//, (instruction sheet), Fredlo Developments, Fareham, Hants., England., 1968.
Lyons, L. Vosburgh. **On The Barrel Head** (In issue 40 of //The Phoenix//, July 23, 1943, page 164)
Macrone, Michael. **Brush Up Your Shakespeare!**, Harper & Rowe Publishers, Inc., New York, NY, 1990. (Fast and
Loose mentions in Shakespeare).
Norman, Karl. **Here's How**. 51pg. 1985 Collector's Workshop: Washington, DC. Karl Norman's Three Shell Game
Routine (uses brass cups, can use regular shells as well), Carnival Loop Routine (Chain of Chance; with comedy, fake knot,
etc.).
OBrien, Mike. //Prick the Garter,// Magic Info, London, Jan-Feb, 1985.
Shakespeare, William: **Antony and Cleopatra**
Contains an early use of the phrase "Fast and Loose." Available for free from
[[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2268 Project Gutenberg]].
Shakespeare, William: **King John**
[[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2249 Project Gutenberg]].
Shakespeare, William: **Love's Labour's Lost**, 1595
[[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/1109 Project Gutenberg]].
Stanyon, Ellis: **Magic** Volume 2 number 1, October 1901
Available for free from [[http://www.thelearnedpig.com.pa/ The Learned Pig Project]].
Stanyon, Ellis: **Magic or Conjuring for Amateurs** "The Garter Trick" (in the "After Dinner Tricks" chapter)
Available for free from [[http://www.thelearnedpig.com.pa/ The Learned Pig Project]] and
[[http://www.archive.org/stream/conjuringforamat00stanrich#page/85/mode/1up The Internet Archive]].
Stanyon, Ellis. **New Miscellaneous Tricks**, (6th Series), London, 1900.
Trost, Nick. //Dennie Flynn Routine,// Expert Gambling Tricks, Trik-Kard Specialties, Columbus, Ohio,
1975.
---====**Fast and Loose French Sources**====
---====Fast and Loose German Sources====

Porstmann, Mike. //different techniques and routines,// **Kettenschwindel**, Eckhard Bttcher's Zauber-Butike,
Puchheim, Germany, 1985
Porstmann, Mike. //Karl Norman Routine,// **So geht's! - Die Close-up Zauberkunst des Karl Norman**, Zauberservice,
Mnchen, Germany, 1993
Porstmann, Mike (co-authored be Karl Norman and Peps Zoller) //Mike Porstmann's Routine (based on Denny Flynn's),//
**Bauernfnger**, Zauberservice, Mnchen, Germany, 1993
Trost, Nick. //Dennie Flynn Routine,// **Die Tricks der Spieler - Bauernfngereien** (German edition of Expert
Gambling Tricks, magic&gambling, Dachau, Germany, 1998)
---====Fast and Loose Italian Sources====
------=====Fast and Loose DVDs and Videos=====
De Souza, Marc. //The Chain Gang//. Lecture video with Chain. Interactive routine, highly commercial, 7-8 minutes.
Presented as history of the game, and includes audience management techniques. Includes Ken Schwabe's "Double Throw-Double Catch" variations. Supplied with velvet carrying pouch and a gold anodized chain similar in length, size and style as
used by Marc De Souza.
De Souza, Marc. //De Souzas Deceptions Companion Video//. Performance only video covers effects from De Souza's
Deceptions: The Magic of Marc De Souza (written by David Acer). Performed in real world environment. Includes a bonus
performance of Chain Gang, the endless chain routine.
Haydn, Whit. //The School for Scoundrels DVD on Fast and Loose//. Complete instruction and performance in full details.
Moves, the type of chain to use, the lay down of the chain, the "selling of the lie," the come-ons, the proofs, and the hooks.
Thompson, Johnny. //Commercial Classics of Magic V2//. L&L Publishing.
------=====Three-Card Monte Bibliography=====
Adams, M.P: **The Rich Uncle from Fiji**. Melbourne: the Exchange Press, 1911
This booklet contains descriptions of many frauds and cons that were being perpetrated in Australia during the
early part of the twentieth century. The section on Three Card Monte describes the basic move with the cards not aligned.
It mentions, but does not teach, the bent corner, the torn card, the pencil mark, and the piece of paper stuck to the back of
the winner. It also contains an early description of the flip change.
Annemann, Theo: **Annemann's Buried Treasure**
Contains "Three Card Monte Outdone," a trick with tin pill boxes, one of which contains a penny and rattles.
Asbury, Herbert: **Suckers ProgressAn Informal History of Gambling in America**. Montclair, NJ:Patterson Smith,
1969.
The brief section on Three Card Monte describes how it came into Louisiana and spread to the river boats and rail
roads. No physical technique is taught.
Behnke, Leo: **Find the Ace**. Paramount, CA: Magic City, 1993.
Includes the basic bechnique, the bent corner, a subtlety on how to work the bent corner without a stooge, some
other sleight of hand switches, and some gaffed techniques.
Blackstone, Harry: **Blackstone's Tricks Anyone Can Do**. no city: Garden City Publishing Co., Inc., 1948.
Contains a move where three cards are shown in a fan, with the winner in the middle, and the cards are switched as
the fan is lowered to show the backs of the cards.
Bobo, J. B.: **Modern Coin Magic**. Minneapolis: Carl W. Jones, 1952
Contains "Three Coin Monte," a game with three coins, one of which has a piece of paper stuck to one side.
Braun, John: **Stewart Judah's Three Card Monte**. Chicago, Ill.: Ireland Magic Company, 1964
Contains Stewart Judah's Three Card Monte routine with an ace and two blank cards, based on both hustler and
magician methods. The ace is easy to follow, then difficult to follow, then vanishes, then all of the cards are aces, then
they're back to an ace and two blanks. Ends with the bent corner.
Brooke, Ken: **Ken Brooke's Magic - The Unique years**. Devon, England: the Supreme Magic Co. Ltd., 1980.
Contains a routine with "The Dutch Looper," a gaffed version of Three Card Monte.
Charlton, Chris: **Modern Monte** (In issue 107 of //The Jinx// on page 640)
Contains a method which uses the glide as the basis for a false count before turning the cards face down. Also
reprinted in //Annemann's Miracles of Card Magic// (Available for free from [[http://www.thelearnedpig.com.pa/ The
Learned Pig Project]].) and //Annemann's Card Magic//.
Clarke, Donald Henderson: **The Autobiography of Frank Tarbeaux**. New York: the Vanguard Press, 1930.
De Arment, Robert K: **Knights of the Green Cloth**. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1982.
Devol, George: **Forty Years a Gambler on the Mississippi**. Bedford, MA: Applewood Books, facsimile edition. First
published by Cincinnati: Devol & Haines, 1887.
This is George Devol's autobiography. It describes lots of gambling, cheating, and con games on river boats and
trains. Three Card Monte figures prominently in many of the stories. A fun read. No technique is taught. Available for free
from [[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/23587 Project Gutenberg]].
Dunn, Jerry: **Tricks of the Trade**. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991
This is a book for laymen which contains lots of short articles by experts in various fields. The Three Card Monte
article is by Harry Anderson and describes the basic move, the bent corner, and some psychology.
Elliot, Bruce: **The Phoenix**.
Issue 139 mentions, and issue 143 teaches, a method using a short card.
Issue 193 includes "Elusive Lady" by J. C. Whyley, a method using cards with a slit in them.
Issue 239 includes "On A Tear," a torn corner finale using gaffed cards.
Elliot, Bruce: **Professional Magic Made Easy**. New York, NY: Gramercy Publishing Company, 1959
Describes a method using a short card.
Elliott, Bill: **Three Card Monkey Business** (In issue 16 of //Ibidem// from March 1959)
This is a precursor to "Color Monte" which uses Marlo's "Quick 3-Way," described in issue 15 of //Ibidem// and
based on the Christ/Annemann alignment move, which can be found in "Synthetic Sympathy" in the "You Do As I Do"
chapter of //The Encyclopedia of Card Tricks//. Three cards are shown to be all red, then all black, then one red, one black,
and the third one turns out blank or green or something else odd. During the performance, the performer tells a story about
being taken by a guy doing Three Card Monte at a fair.
Erdnase, S. W: **The Expert at the Card Table**. Las Vegas, NV: Gamblers Book Company, facsimile edition. First
Published 1902.
This is one of the best books ever published about cheating at cards and it also laid the foundation for modern card
magic. The description of Three Card Monte includes the first mention of the lengthwise crimp, and the first detailed
description of how to work the bent corner. Available for free from [[http://www.thelearnedpig.com.pa/ The Learned Pig
Project]].
Faron, Fay: **Rip-Off: a writer's guide to crimes of deception**. Cincinnati, Ohio: Writer's Digest Books, 1998
This book describes how lots of crimes of deceptions work. It contains a brief section on Three Card Monte, and
describes both the classic con and the Texas Twist, a fairly recent way of conning people with Three Card Monte. No
physical technique is described.
Describes a technique where the cards are not aligned before the move, which makes the double flash more
difficult.
Fulves, Karl: **Charles Jordan's Best Card Tricks**. New York: Dover publications Inc., 1992
Contains two gaffed Three Card Monte tricks. "Joker Monte," (different from Vernon's "Joker Monte") and Pedro
Monte.
Galperin, Jeffrey: **What It Takes to Win at Three-Card Monte.** Esquire Magazine, October 1979.
Ganson, Lewis: **Cy Enfields Entertaining Card Magic, Part Two**. 14 Frith Street, London: Harry Stanley/Unique
Magic Studio.
Describes Cy Enfield's Three Card Monte routine, including the basic move and the bent corner. Also includes
Audley Walsh's method for marking the winner with a paper clip and a method for working with a pencil mark.
Ganson, Lewis: **Dai Vernons Further Inner Secrets of Card Magic**. Devon, England: the Supreme Magic Co. Ltd.,
1978.
Describes Dai Vernon's Three Card Monte Routine, including the basic move, the double flash, and the bent corner.
Also describes a gaffed method using a short card and Vernon's Optical Move.
Ganson, Lewis: **Dai Vernons Ultimate Secrets of Card Magic**. Devon, England: the Supreme Magic Co. Ltd., 1968.
Contains Eddie Taytelbaum's "Find the Ace," a gaffed Three Card Monte routine.
Ganson, Lewis: **The Three-Card Monte as Entertainment**. Devon, England: the Supreme Magic Co. Ltd., 1980.
Includes, in addition to the standard move and the bent corner, two methods using a piece of paper stuck to the
back of the card and many gaffed methods. Now included in the L&L reprint of
[[http://www.llpub.com/zenshop/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=21&products_id=2691 The Complete Ganson
Magic Teach-In Series]]
Garcia, Frank: **Dont Bet On It**. Self-published, 1978.
There are two versions of this book, both with the same name, author, date, and cover. The small version is a staple
bound booklet with 28 unnumbered pages of content, not counting front and back matter. The large version has 119
numbered pages.
The small version describes the basic move. The bent corner is mentioned but not taught. A method for working
the pencil dot is given where all three cards are switched while putting them in the pocket, pretending to end the game. The
editing is terrible.
The large version is very good. It teaches the basic move, the bent corner, the pencil mark method mentioned
above, the flip, the flip change, two ways of working the piece of paper stuck to the back of the winner, the torn corner, and
some other specialized moves and gaffs. It also contains several entertaining stories about three card monte games.
Gaultier, Camille: **Magic Without Apparatus**. Berkeley Heights, New Jersey: Fleming Book Company, 1945
Contains an early mention of the idea of performing the hipe at the same time as the cards are turned face down.
Mentions the come on with a piece of paper apparently stuck on the back of the winning card, but does not describe how to
do it.
Gibson, Walter B: **The Bunco Book**. Holyoke, Massachusetts: Sidney H. Radner, 1946.
Describes many swindles, primarily crooked carnival games. The chapter on Three Card Monte describes the basic
move without the cards aligned and an awkward method for working the bent corner. The illustrations show the cards
bowed widthwise instead of lengthwise.
Gibson, Walter B: **Magic Explained**. 1949.
Describes "The Rattle Bars," a trick with three metal bars, one of which rattles when shaken.
Giorgio, Tony: **Tossing Broads**. 2009
Contains many stories of Giorgio's days at the Magic Castle and some discussion of how monte mobs operate.
Briefly describes the basic move and the bent corner. Also covers a method for working the torn card and the piece of paper
stuck to the back of the card. Includes an ungaffed method for working the rising card.
Hardison, Theo: **Poker By Hardison**. St. Louis, Mo.: Hardison Publishing Co., 1914
This booklet is mostly about cheating at poker, but contains a brief description of Three Card Monte.
Hay, Henry: **The Amateur Magician's Handbook**. New York: Nal Penguin Inc., 1982
difficult.
Hoffmann, Professor: **Modern Magic**: city unknown, publisher unknown, 1876
Contains the oldest known attempt at a description of the bent corner move. Alas, it's not a very good description.
Hoffmann, Professor: **More Magic**: Philadelphia: David McKay
difficult. Mentions but does not teach the bent corner. An early method using misprinted cards is also described. Available
for free from [[http://www.thelearnedpig.com.pa/ The Learned Pig Project]].
Hugard, Jean: **Card Manipulations**. New York: Dover Publications, 1973 (reprint of series from 1934-1936).
Hugard, Jean and Braue, Fred: **Miracle Methods No. 4: Tricks and Sleights**: Alameda, California: Jean Hugard and
Fred Braue, 1943
Contains "Jean Hugard's Cops and Crooks," a story trick based on the standard Three Card Monte moves.
Irwin, Will: **The Confessions of a Con Man**. B. W. Huebsch, 1909
Available for free from [[http://books.google.com/books?id=rqbPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA120 Google Books]].
James, H. K: **The Destruction of Mephistos Greatest Web, or All Grifts Laid Bare; Being a Complete Exposure of All
Gambling, Graft and Confidence Games**. Salt Lake City, 1914.
Lavand, Rene: **Magic From The Soul**: Pasadena, California: Mike Caveney's Magic Words, 1993
Contains "My Monte," a ten phase, one handed Three Card Monte trick incorporating classic hustler and magician
moves, and techniques original with Rene Lavand.
Leech, Al: **Card Man Stuff**: Chicago: Ireland Magic Company, 1953
Contains "Surprise Monte," a magic trick with a queen and two deuces. The deuces turn into two more queens.
Long, Mason: **The Life of Mason Long, the Converted Gambler**. Chicago: Donnelley, Loyd and Co., 1878.
Available for free from [[http://www.archive.org/details/masonlong00longiala The Internet Archive]].
Lorayne, Harry: **The Tarbell Course In Magic, Volume 7**: New York: D. Robbins & Co., 1972
Contains "Audley Walsh's Three Card Monte", a way of marking the winner with a book of paper matches or a
paper clip.
Lovell, Simon: **How to Cheat at Everything**: New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2007
Despite the title, this is an expose, and not a "how to" guide or manual. The chapter on Three Card Monte covers
some of the principles of how a gang operates. No physical technique is taught.
Majax, Gerard: **Secrets of the Card Sharps**. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., 1977.
This is a gambling expose which describes all sorts of strange ways to cheat at cards like radioactive marks, intracranial receivers, and finger exercises. In the chapter called "The World's Greatest Cheats" there is a section called "The
King of the Track" which discusses a Three Card Monte worker. It describes the basic move and an awkward method for
working the bent corner.
Marlo, Ed: **Off the Top**. Chicago, IL: Magic, Inc., 1945.
Contains a Three Card Monte routine where the deck stays in play.
Maskelyne, John Nevil: **Sharps and Flats**. Las Vegas, NV: GBC Press, 1894.
This is a gambling expose meant for laymen. The come ons with the bent corner and the piece of paper stuck to the
back of the winning card are mentioned, but no technique is taught. It describes how monte mobs in Britain operated in the
late 1800s. Available for free from [[http://www.archive.org/details/sharpsflatscompl00maskuoft The Internet Archive]]
Maurer, David: **The Big Con: The Story of the Confidence Man**. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1940.
This book is about confidence men and the Big Con. It was the primary source for the movie "The Sting," and if
you have seen the movie, much of the book will feel very familiar. Chapter 2, "The Big Store," describes how Ben Marks
created the first big store for the purpose of fleecing suckers with Three Card Monte. No physical technique is taught.
Melville, Herman: **The Confidence Man: His Masquerade**. Indianapolis, IN: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1967.
Merlin, Jack: **...and a Pack of Cards**. Broadway, New York: Louis Tannen, 1976 (originally from the 1930s?).
Describes the basic move and the bent corner move. Three Card Monte is not listed explicitly in the table of
contents. It's in the section called "Routine of Sleights to be Performed at the Card Table."
Minch, Stephen: **The Vernon Chronicles, Volume 1**. Lake Tahoe, CA: L&L Publishing, 1987.
Contains two pages of "Notes on Three-Card Monte" which include how Vernon handles spectators who say "I
wasn't watching", how he handles spectators who are too honest and try to tell him about the bent corner, a torn card finish,
and emphasizes the need for the left edges of the cards to be touching.
Minch, Stephen: **The Vernon Chronicles, Volume 3**. Lake Tahoe, CA: L&L Publishing, 1989.
Contains a gaffed method for stage use called "Joker Monte." This is different from Charles Jordan's "Joker
Monte."
Morris, John (pseud. Of John OConner): **The Wanderings of a Vagabond**, An Autobiography. New York, 1873.
Available for free from [[http://www.archive.org/details/wanderingsofvaga00oconiala The Internet Archive]].
Neil, C. Lang. **The Modern Conjurer**, New York: Wehmen Bros., 1937. (originally published in 1903)
Contains a method using flat cards, an extra money card, and some palming.
**New York Times**
[[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D0DE3D6103DE53BBC4153DFBE66838B669FDE THREECARD MONTE. How the Unsophisticated are Fleeced at Coney Island--The Tricks of the Game--How to Put an End to It.
August 9, 1870]]
Ortiz, Darwin: **The Annotated Erdnase**. Pasadena, CA: Mike Caveneys Magic Words, 1991.
Contains the full text of //The Expert At The Card Table//, along with Darwin Ortiz's annotations. The section on
Three Card Monte includes, in addition to the Erdnase material, a discussion on the etymology of various names for the
game, some history, many references, and some discussion on how current games are run.
Ortiz, Darwin: **Darwin Ortiz At The Card Table**. Kaufman and Greenberg, 1988.
Contains "Darwin's Three Card Monte", the routine that Darwin Ortiz uses in performance.
Ortiz, Darwin: **Gambling Scams**. Secaucus, NJ: Carol Publishing Group, 1997.
This is a gambling expose meant for laymen. No technique is taught. It contains very good descriptions of many
psychological techniques used by modern Monte gangs.
Parker, Gilbert: **Tarboe, The Story of a Life**. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1927.
Pinkerton, Allan: **Criminal reminiscences and detective sketches**. New York: G. W. Dillingham Co., 1878.
This is a book by a detective. It includes a report of Canada Bill working Three Card Monte on a railroad.
Available for free from [[http://books.google.com/books?id=QkOz6Ori_v8C&pg=PA177 Google Books]].
Poundstone, William: **Bigger Secrets**. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1986.
This is a book for laymen which "exposes" all sorts of weird stuff, including the hipe and the corner move for
Three Card Monte. It's part of a series of books, including //Big Secrets// and //Biggest Secrets//.
Price, Paul: **The Real Work: Essential Sleight of Hand for Street Operators**. Port Townsend, WA: Loompanics
Unlimited, 2001.
This pamphlet claims to be an instruction manual for budding con artists. It describes the basic move and the bent
corner, and attempts to pass off some packet tricks as "the real work." Originally $12, this is currently (2009) going for over
$50 on used book sites, but is not at all worth it.
Quinn, John Philip: **Fools of Fortune, or, Gambling and Gamblers**. Chicago, 1892.
[[http://www.archive.org/details/FoolsOfFortuneOrGamblingAndGamblers Available for free from archive.org]].
Quinn, John Philip: **Gambling and Gambling Devices**. Montclair, NJ: Patterson Smith, 1912.
[[https://dspace.ucalgary.ca/handle/1880/476 Available for free from The University of Calgary]].

Racherbaumer, Jon: **Monte Move**, in Kabbala, Volume 3, Number 7, Page 96, 1971.
An in the hands switch with the cards spread, using an extra card.
Racherbaumer, Jon: **The Last Heirophant**, Danny Korem, 1980.
Contains "Moving Monte Switch," a switch of a tabled card for the bottom card of the deck. Based on an action
similar to the Kelly Bottom Placement or the Side Glide.
Richardson, Albert D: **Beyond the Mississippi; From the Great River to the Great Ocean. Life and Adventure on the
Prairies, Mountains, and Pacific Coast**. Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, 1867.
[[http://books.google.com/books?id=CecTAAAAYAAJ Available for free from Google Books]].
Robert-Houdin, J.E., trans. William J. Hilliar: **Card SharpersTheir Tricks Exposed (Les Tricheries des Grecs)**. Las
Vegas, NV:GBC Press, 1904 (translated from 1863 french text).
Contains the earliest known description of Three Card Monte. Not particularly useful for learning from, but a fun
read to see how little the technique and psychology have changed in over 140 years.
[[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924026470801 Available for free from archive.org]].
Robert-Houdin: **The Sharper Detected and Exposed**. Piccadilly, London:Chapman and Hall, 1863.
Another translation of the above. Available for free from [[http://www.thelearnedpig.com.pa/ The Learned Pig
Project]].
Roenfeld, Ryan: **Benjamin and Mary Marks Hog Ranch**. State Historical Society of Iowa, Western Historical Trails
Center. Unpublished monograph.
Rogers, Mike: **The Complete Mike Rogers**. Chicago, IL: Magic Inc., 1975.
Sante, Luc: **Knowing a Con When You See It**. New York Times, Sunday, April 15, 2001.
http://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/15/weekinreview/knowing-a-con-when-you-see-it.html
Simon, Bill: **Effective Card Magic**. Brooklyn, NY: D. Robbins & Co. Inc., 1952.
Contains a magic trick called "Three Queens Monte." Three queens are used and the spectator is asked to follow
the queen of spades. An ace is added, and the queens change into the other aces.
Tarbell, Harlan: **The Tarbell Course In Magic, Volume 6**: New York: Louis Tannen, 1954
Contains "Palhinha's Wherizit," a Three Card Monte trick using gaffed cards where the winner vanishes while the
spectator holds the cards and reappears in your pocket.
Tarr, Bill: **Now You See It, Now You Don't**. New York: Vintage Books, 1976
difficult.
Thurston, Howard: **400 Fascinating Magic Tricks You Can Do**. George Sully and Company, 1926/1927
Contains "Monte with Match Boxes," a trick with three match boxes, one of which rattles when shaken.
Trost, Nick: **Cardman's Secrets Volume 2**. 1964
Briefly describes the basic move.

Unknown: "Games You Can't Beat" in the September 1927 issue of **Popular Mechanics**
Available for free from [[http://books.google.com/books?id=YdgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA451 Google Books]].
Vernon, Dai: **Revelations**: Pasadena, CA: Magical Publications, 1984.
Includes the full text of //The Expert At The Card Table// along with Dai Vernon's commentary on it. Includes a
brief description of Vernon's three card monte routine, which is also available in //Further Inner Secrets of Card Magic// by
Ganson (see above).
Villiod, Eugene: **Crooks, Con Men and Cheats**: Las Vegas, NV: GBC Press, 1980 (translated by Russell T. Barnhart
from a 1905 French book)
This book describes many scams, swindles, and con games, including Three Card Monte. No physical technique is
taught.
Walsh, Audley V: **John Scarne Explains Why You Cant Win: A Treatise on the Sucker Effects of Three Card Monte**.
Las Vegas, NV: Gamblers Book Club, 1972.
Sometimes sold as just "Three Card Monte", sometimes listed with John Scarne as the author. Includes the basic
technique, the bent corner (two methods), the pencil mark (two methods), Scarne's Tripple Climax (a way of working the
convincer with one way backs), and some other dodges.
Walton, Roy: **The Complete Walton, Volume 1**. London: Lewis Davenport Limited, 1981.
This book contains Roy Walton's Three Card Monte routine, called "Never Give a Sucker an Even Break". This
routine contains several magical transformations, but doesn't contain any fair moves.
Whaley, Bart with Gardner, Martin and Busby, Jeff: **The Man Who Was Erdnase**. Jeff Busby & Bart Whaley, 1991
This book is primarily a description of Milton Franklin Andrews and a defense of the hypothesis that Andrews was
Erdnase. The "Sources & Inspirations" chapter contains section by section comments on Erdnase. The comments on Three
Card Monte discuss the history of the game and many very early references.
Wintle, W. J.: **Race Course Swindles: The Seamy Side of a Great Sport** (article in //The London Magazine//, circa
1924, reprinted in //The Wizard Exposed//)
This article very briefly discusses Three Card Monte and the Thimble Rig, and includes some photographs. Of
interest is that in the pictures the cards in Three Card Monte are bowed widthwise instead of lengthwise.
Wolfe, David and Rodgers, Tom (editors): **Puzzlers' Tribute: A Feast for the Mind**. Natick, Massachusetts: A K Peters
Ltd., 2002
Contains an essay by William Kalush called "Sleight of Hand with Playing Cards prior to Scot's Discoverie," which
includes a description of "The earliest discovered record of deception with playing cards" from 1408. This is a confidence
game where cards are dealt out and players guess where a particular winning card is. The victim learns that the winning
card is marked.
Wykes, Alan: **Gambling**. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1964.
---====**Three-Card Monte French Sources**====
Montmirel, Franois: **Bonneteurs d'Hier et d'Aujourd'hui** in Imagik Hors Serie Special Tricherie, January 1999
---====**Three-Card Monte German Sources**====

Eason, Doc //Doc Eason Routine// *A Shot in the Act**, German edition, Zauberservice, Mnchen, Germany, 1994
Porstmann, Mike (co-authored be Karl Norman and Peps Zoller) //Peps Zoller Routine// *Bauernfnger**, Zauberservice,
---====Three-Card Monte Italian Sources====
---======Three-Card Monte DVDs and Videos======

[[http://www.chefanton.com/scoundrelsstore/three_card_monte.htm School for Scoundrels Three Card Monte]]
This video covers Three Card Monte very thoroughly, and includes the School for Scoundrels //Notes on Three
Card Monte// as an ebook.
[[http://richardturner52.com/dvds/the-cheat/ The Cheat]]
Includes a performance of Richard Turner at The Magic Castle, which includes Three Card Monte.
[[http://www.llpub.com/zenshop/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=1813 Dai Vernon Revelations Volume
9]]
This video includes footage of Dai Vernon performing and teaching his Three Card Monte routine.
[[http://www.foolerdoolers.com/store/productdetail.asp?productid=800208 Daryl Does The Full Monte]]
This video covers the basics of Three Card Monte, and teaches several magic tricks that resemble Three Card
Monte, some gaffed and some ungaffed.
[[http://www.a1magicalmedia.com/prod_tmplt.aspx?productid=2267 Darwin Ortiz At The Card Table Volume 1]]
This video includes a performance and explanation of "Darwin's Three Card Monte," Darwin Ortiz's Three Card
Monte routine.
[[http://www.llpub.com/the-last-word-on-three-card-monte/ The Last Word on Three Card Monte]]
Includes the Three Card Monte sections from many instructional DVDs. Includes several handlings of Three Card
Monte by Vernon, Keops, Draun, Armstrong, Mendoza, Ortiz, Eason, and Harlan. Also includes several Monte themed
magic tricks by other magicians, and some gaffed Monte tricks. There is [[http://scoundrelsforum.com/index.php?
topic=2626.0 a thread on the Scoundrels Forum about these DVDs]].
[[http://www.conman.com.au/disks/ Three Disk Monte]]
In this documentary Nick Johnson gives a complete description of the sleight of hand, staging, psychology,
gambits, and outs used in the actual Three Disk Monte hustle. No prior knowledge is assumed and many portions are
illustrated with hidden camera footage of actual hustlers.
Street Monte
Sal Piacente describes the basic move, the bent corner, the mexican turnover, and the flip forward and its use for
when a victim backs down from betting and with the piece of paper stuck to the back of the card (he calls it "The Alabama
Hustle"). Includes a paper clip handling and a brief demonstration of disk monte, but he doesn't give dimensions, thickness,
material, or instructions for how to make or acquire the disks.
[[http://www.youtube.com/playlist?p=PL3551455B8E3EBC08 Youtube Three Card Monte Playlist]]
---======Three-Card Monte Web Sites======
Luvisi, Andru: **[[http://www.practicenotincluded.com/ Practice Not Included]]**
This web site includes a description of Andru Luvisi's Three Card Monte routine, including a description of the
basic move and the bent corner move. Parts of the routine are taken (with credit) from Dai Vernon's routine described in
**Further Inner Secrets of Card Magic** and **Revelations**.
[[http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/FullText.html Canadian Criminal Code section 206]]
Contains an interesting definition of "Three Card Monte": "In this section, three-card monte means the game
commonly known as three-card monte and includes any other game that is similar to it, whether or not the game is played
with cards and notwithstanding the number of cards or other things that are used for the purpose of playing."
------======Shell Game Bibliography======
This booklet contains descriptions of many frauds and cons that were being perpetrated in Australia during the
early part of the twentieth century, including the shell game.
Anon: **The Old Army Game**
Alciphron: **Alciphron: literally and completely translated from the Greek, with introduction and notes Volume 3 of
Athenian Society's publications**. 1896 (letters from a few centuries A.D.)
Contains a description of something resembling the shell game. [[http://books.google.com/books?
id=jx3TQ5x7aGYC&pg=RA9-PA123-IA1 Available for free from Google Books]].
Beaumont, Dr. Henry pseud. (Doug D. Bush): **The Famous 3 Shell Game as presented by Dr Henry Beaumont**, 1975.
Bishop, Glenn: **The Shellgame -- For Tableside Tricksters** , Glenn Bishop, 2000
Brahams, Anthony and Porstmann, Mike. **Karl Norman -- 40 Years at the Forks** , Anthony Brahams, Suffolk 1995
Chanin, Jack: **Hello Sucker!** "Encyclopedia of the 3 Shell Game." Chanin, Philadelphia, 1934. (went through at least
14 printings and/or editions.)
Crambrook, W. H. M.: **Crambrook's Catalogue of Magical Curiosities and Deceptions** T. C. Savill, London, 1843
Contains a brief description of Thimble Rig. Includes a description of The Heist, but not by name.
Crocket, Davy. **A narrative of the life of David Crockett**. 1834
Contains a story about a thimblerig player. [[http://books.google.com/books?
id=NjYDAAAAYAAJ&dq=thimblerig&pg=RA1-PA78#v=onepage&q=thimblerig&f=false Available for free from Google
Books]].
Dickens, Charles: **Life and adventures of Nicholas Nickleby**. 1839
Contains a mention of a thimblerig game performed at a "pea and thimble table."
[[http://books.google.com/books?id=rLs0AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA619 Available for free from Google Books]].
Fleischman, Sid: **The Charlatan's Handbook**. Tohoma, CA: L & L Publishing, 1993
Recommends "Cover Girl Sponge Wedges, manufactured by Noxell Corporation, Hunt Valley, Maryland."
Ganson, Lewis: **Routined Manipulations, Part 1** pp 65-70, Harry Stanley, London
Ganson, Lewis : **The Art of Close-up Magic V. 1** pp 100 - 106, Supreme, Bideford, Devon, England 1972 (earlier
edition published by Harry Stanley)
Garcia, Frank and Schindler, George: **All In A Nutshell.** Million Dollar Productions, New York, 1974
Gay, John: **Trivia: Or, the Art of Walking the Streets of London, Book II**, 1716
Contains an early use of the phrase "Thimbles Cheats."
[[http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/encap/skilton/poetry/gay01b.html Available for free from Cardiff University]]
Green, Jonathan Harrington: **The Reformed Gambler: or, the History of the Later Years of the Life of Jonathan H.
Green**. Philadelphia: T. B. Peterson and Brothers, 1858.
Describes a game with thimbles and a pea of rolled up paper. The player knows where the pea is because he sees a
piece of paper sticking out from under one of the thimbles. [[http://books.google.com/books?
id=4M5cUILhTnMC&pg=PA114 Available for free from Google Books]]. (Google Books also has
[[http://books.google.com/books?as_brr=1&as_auth=Green+Jonathan several other books by Green]].)
Hone, William: **The Every-day Book**
Contains a very early description of the thimble rig, dated 1825. [[http://books.google.com/books?
id=ZjRMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA384 Available for free from Google Books]].
Lever, Derek. **Ken Brooke and Friends, Volume 1** "Albert Verity's Robot Three Shell Game" p 24 ff., Taurus,
Lancashire, England, 1986
Lorayne, Harry: **The Tarbell Course In Magic, Volume 7**: New York: D. Robbins & Co., 1972
See "Dave Lederman's Thimbles & Pea" on page 187.
Osbourne, Tom (ed. Ralph Read): **The Three Shell Game** Kanter's, Philadelphia 1938
Includes detailed instructions on many moves, practice plans for learning the moves, and dozens of patterns for
moving the shells. The patterns include starter patterns (the pea ends up where they think it is), normal patterns (the pea is
somewhere other than where they think it is), and sucker patterns (they think they see you move the pea, but it still isn't
where they think it is). Also includes some information about the game's history, how to prepare the shells, alternate items
used as shells (including bottle caps), sucker moves (including The Tilt, calling it "The Flash"), and how a crew works
together. This booklet is generally under $10 and is an incredibly good value.
Price, Paul: **The Real Work: Essential Sleight of Hand for Street Operators**. Port Townsend, WA: Loompanics
Unlimited, 2001.
Robert-Houdin, Jean-Eugene: **Card-sharpers, their tricks exposed, or, The art of always winning**. 1891 (Translated
from the 1861 book **Les Tricheries des Grecs Devoilees**)
Describes a con game based on the cups and balls that is similar to some old stories of how the shell game was
worked as a con game. The spectators are induced into betting that the ball is no longer under the plate. They lose.
[[http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924026470801#page/n51/mode/2up Available for free from archive.org]].
Swadling, Robert: **Connoisseur's Three Shell Game** Swadling Magic, Oxford, UK no date
Stanyon, Ellis: **Magic or Conjuring for Amateurs** "Walnut Shells and Pea" (in the "After Dinner Tricks" chapter)
Available for free from [[http://www.thelearnedpig.com.pa/ The Learned Pig Project]] and
[[http://www.archive.org/stream/conjuringforamat00stanrich#page/84/mode/1up The Internet Archive]].
Stanyon, Ellis: **Magic** "Thimble Rigging" Volume 4 number 1, October 1903
Stanyon, Ellis: **The Jinx** Number 46, July 1938
Contains articles on both "The Walnut Shells and Pea" and "Thimble Rigging." Available for free from
[[http://www.thelearnedpig.com.pa/ The Learned Pig Project]].
Tannen's **The Walnut Shells and Pea** instructions excerpted from //Routined Manipulations part 1// to which they own
the copyright.
Tarr, Bill: **Now You See It, Now You Don't**. New York: Vintage Books, 1976
Thompson Jr., J. G.: **Top Secrets of Magic**. New York, NY: Louis Tannen
Thurston, Howard: **400 Fascinating Magic Tricks You Can Do**. George Sully and Company, 1926/1927
Contains "Where is the coin?," a reverse shell game where the spectator hides a coin under one of three covers,
"such as the tops of pill boxes," and the magician finds the coin.
W., J.: **Three Shell Game** (In the August, 1902 issue of //Mahatma//, Volume 6, Number 2)
Weber, Michael: **Where in the Shell Is It?** Pro's and Con's, no city, no date.
Wintle, W. J.: **Race Course Swindles: The Seamy Side of a Great Sport** (article in //The London Magazine//, circa
1924, reprinted in //The Wizard Exposed//)
This article very briefly discusses Three Card Monte and the Thimble Rig, and includes some photographs.
======Shell Game Videos======
[[http://www.youtube.com/playlist?p=PL61150A4524304AB8 Youtube Shell Game Playlist]]
======Shell Game Web Sites======
Pinard, Andrew J.: **[[http://www.threeshellgame.com/ The Three Shell Game]]**

This web site sells La Maggiore shells, and contains a page on [[http://www.threeshellgame.com/allure.htm The
Allure of the Three Shell Game]] with some nice historical information. Contains a quotation from "HULL ELECTIONS Richard Perry and his fiddler wife" that dates the shell game at least as far back as 1670.
---====Shell Game French Sources====
Rhod, Daniel: **Les Coquilles de Noix** in Imagik n10, January 1996
---====Shell Game German Sources====
Porstmann, Mike. //Karl Norman Routine,// **So geht's! - Die Close-up Zauberkunst des Karl Norman**, Zauberservice,
Porstmann, Mike (co-authored by Karl Norman and Peps Zoller) //Karl Norman Routine,// **Bauernfnger**,
Zauberservice, Mnchen, Germany, 1993
Porstmann, Mike //Karl Norman Routine,// **Classic Cocktail - Das Karl Norman Seminar**, magic&gambling, Dachau,
Germany, 1996
Porstmann, Mike //Karl Norman Routine,// **Classic Cocktail - Das Karl Norman Seminar**, 2nd enlarged edition,
magic&gambling, Dachau, Germany, 2002
Trost, Nick. //Karl Norman Routine,// **Die Tricks der Spieler - Bauernfngereien** (German edition of Expert
Gambling Tricks), magic&gambling, Dachau, Germany, 1998
---====Shell Game Italian Sources====
---======Shell Game DVDs and Videos======

Haydn, Whit and Bob Sheets: **Shell Game Series Vol I** "An Introduction to the Shell Game." School for Scoundrels,
2005.
Norman, Karl: **Classic Cocktail** "Karl Norman Routine," video (English/German), magic&gambling, 2002.
Norman, Karl: **Close-up Table Magic** "Karl Norman Routine," DVD (same as above, English only), Meir Yedid, 2004.
------=====Gamblers and Sure-Thing Gamblers of the American West=====
-------
=====Confidence Games--The Short Con and the Big Con=====

Bruns, Rodger: **"Yellow Kid" Weil: King of Con** National Historical Society, 1988
Maurer, David W: **The Big Con: The Story of the Confidence Man and the Confidence Game**. Indianapolis, IN: The
Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1940. 164
Maurer, David W: **The American Confidence Man**. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1974.
Weil, Joseph R.: **The Congame and "Yellow Kid" Weil:** Dover Pub, 1974
Weil, Joseph R and Brannon, William T: **"Yellow Kid" Weil; the autobiography of America's master swindler**, 1948
Available for free from [[http://www.archive.org/details/yellowkidweilaut00weil The Internet Archive]].
Weil, J.R.: **Conman: A Master Swindlers Own Story, (Library of Larceny).** Broadway, July 2004
------=====Street Cons in Literature=====
O. Henry: **The Gentle Grafter** Fourteen short Stories.
A story about two scoundrels traveling together. Can be read online:
[[http://www.pagebypagebooks.com/O_Henry/The_Gentle_Grafter/index.html The Gentle Grafter]]
------======Medicine Show Bibliography======

Anderson, Ann: **Snakeoil, Hustlers and Hambones**, Jefferson, North Carolina, Mc Farland and Company, 2000.
Mc Namara, Brooks: **Step Right Up**, University Press of Mississippi, Oct 1995.
------====Medicine Show Websites of Interest====
[[www.Docdazzal.com www.Docdazzal.com]]
[[www.Docgrayson.com/contact.php www.Docgrayson.com/contact.php]]
[[www.Historylink.info/id209.html www.Historylink.info/id209.html]]
[[www.Memoryelixir.com www.Memoryelixir.com]]
[[www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/ephemera/medshow.htm www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/ephemera/medshow.html]]
[[www.Sideshowworld.com www.Sideshowworld.com]]
[[www.Snakeoilproductions.com/fleacircus.html www.Snakeoilproductions.com/fleacircus.html]]
------=====Dice Stacking Bibliography=====
Edward Marlo, Shoot the works - A complete Manual of Dice Manipulation

Copyright 1943
-Walsh, Audley V. Walshs Dice Dexterity, BT, 1953, Louis Tannen, 32
-The Senator Crandall, How to Stack Dice
Copyright 1974 Clarke Crandall
-Kaufman, Richard: The New York Magic Symposium Close Up Stage Collection Two 1983
page 16 Penetrating Dice Stack (Paul Gertner): dice stacking with a magical effect. During stacking, the dice penetrate up
through the cup one at a time. For the last die. the penetration reverses itself, and the three dice on top end up underneath
-Apocalypse Vol 12 No 4 April 1989 Randy Wakeman Issue
page 1627 Stacked Impact: dice stacking
-Ouellet, Gary: Close Up Illusions
1990
on page 253 Chapter 24: Rock & Roll Dice Stacking
on page 261 A Routine: a dice stacking routine
-Apocalypse Vol 20 No 04 Apr 1997
page 2780 Points In the Middle (Harold Cataquet): a dice vanishing and reappearing effect to use during dice stacking
-Apocalypse Vol 16 No 07 Jul 1993
page 2239 Twice Dice (Harold Cataquet): good color changing dice finish to a dice stacking routine
-Apocalypse Vol 17 No 05 May 1994
page 2353 Danger Dice (Harold Cataquet): dice stacking routine using a clear glass. The glass cracks, two dice "crack" in
half, and the 4 die are edge stacked using another glass.
-Kaufman, Richard: Paul Gertner's Steel and Silver 1994
page 121 UpStacking--Dice stacking routine, dice stacked in familiar manner a few times, dice begin to penetrate upward
through bottom of cup one at a time, eventually three dice on top of cup vanish and reappear inside cup.
-Lancaster, Lou: Commercial Closeup Magic 1994
Dice Stacking: dice stacking with jumbo die climax
-Racherbaumer, Jon: In a Class by Himself, The Legacy of Don Alan 1996
page 159 Sneakily Stacked in Your Favor: Dice stacking routine, uses one gimmicked die and cup cover (Video clips from
un-named video)
page 166 How to Stack Dice: short lesson
-Racherbaumer, Jon and Edward Marlo: Arcade Dreams, Marlo Without Cards 1997
page 111 A Brief History of Dice Stacking: a brief history
page 112 Primal Dice Stacking: the basics, and an outline of Tony Platt's routine
-Lovell, Simon, Son of Simon Says, 2000, L&L Publishing
Page 143 Coins, Dice and Grandfathers Beer!
-Jay, Ricky, Dice: Deception, Fate & Rotten Luck, HBDJ, 2003, Quantuck Lane Press
-Most of the above references are from [[http://www.magicbooks.be/ Magic Books]]
------====Short Changing/Change Raising Bibliography====
Describes some ways for merchants to shortchange customers, and some ways for customers to shortchange
merchants.
Allerton, Bert: **Bamboozle** (in Stars of Magic)
A short change trick with a homemade gaff.
Bonville, Frank: **The Little Secrets**. Chicago: Standard Printing Co., 1904
Describes change raising and some ways for merchants to shortchange customers.
Elliot, Bruce: **The Best in Magic**. New York: Galahad Books, 1956
Describes two sleights with bills for shortchanging.
Faron, Fay: **Rip-Off: a writer's guide to crimes of deception**. Cincinnati, Ohio: Writer's Digest Books, 1998
Describes some ways for merchants to shortchange customers, change raising, and the marked bill.
Describes some ways for merchants to shortchange customers.
Hilliard, John Northern: **Greater Magic**. 1938
Contains "Short Change With Long Green," a short change trick with a homemade gaff.
Lovell, Simon: **How to Cheat at Everything**. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2007
Describes some ways for merchants to shortchange customers.
Minch, Steven: **The Vernon Chronicles, Volume 1**. Lake Tahoe, CA: L&L Publishing, 1987.
Describes "Slipping The Jit," two ways for a cutomer to shortchange a merchant for 20 cents.
Minch, Steven: **The Vernon Chronicles, Volume 3**. Lake Tahoe, CA: L&L Publishing, 1989.
Describes a sleight with bills for shortchanging.
Tucker, W. M.: **The Change Raisers**. Littleton, CO: Street-Smart Communications, 1992
Describes change raising and the marked bill.
Vernon, Dai: **Early Vernon**. Chicago, Ill.: Magic Inc., 1962 (reprint of material from 1932)
Contains "Short Change With Long Green," a short change trick with a homemade gaff.
Vernon, Dai: **The Vernon Touch**. 2006
Describes change raising.
Villiod, Eugene: **Crooks, Con Men and Cheats**. Las Vegas, NV: GBC Press, 1980 (translated by Russell T. Barnhart
from a 1905 French book)
Describes the marked bill, worked with a coin, and some other ways of short changing merchants.
====Short Changing/Change Raising in Movies====
Paper Moon
Depicts change raising and the marked bill.
Nine Queens
Criminal
The Grifters
Depicts the shortchange of a merchant by a customer with a bill switch.
====Short Changing/Change Raising Videos Online====
[[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xHlU7si5ws Clip from Paper Moon with commentary by Nick Johnson]]
[[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTuy2MsevC8 Change Raising on "The Real Hustle"]]
[[http://revision3.com/scamschool/shortchange Change Raising on "Scam School"]]
[[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10MJHKIflAU Change Raising on Penn and Teller's "Bullshit"]]
[[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOR6mqY2lU4 Short Changing on "The Real Hustle"]]
====Short Changing/Change Raising Web Sites====
[[http://www.fraudtech.bizland.com/short_change.htm Description at FraudTech]]
------======**Cover the Spot Bibliography**======
Shows the winning pattern, gives measurements.
Gardner, Martin: **The Second Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions**. Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press, 1961
Shows the winning pattern on page 143.
Gryczan, Matthew L.: **Carnival Secrets: How to Win at Carnival Games, Which Games to Avoid, How to Make Your
Own Games**. Zenith Press, 1988
Chapter 2 is all about Cover the Spot. Includes diagrams and step by step directions on where to drop each disk.
Moscovich, Ivan: **1000 Play Thinks**. New York, NY: Workman Publishing Company, Inc., 2001
This is a book of "Puzzles, Paradoxes, Illusions & Games." Play Think number 935, "Five Disks Game," is Cover
The Spot. The Solution given in the back of the book is different than the one given in other sources. Four of the disks all
intersect, as opposed to only three in the standard solution. It is possible that this solution requires larger disks than the
standard solution.
Neville, Eric H.L **On the Solution of Numerical Functional Equations: Illustrated by an Account of a Popular Puzzle and
of its Solution** in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Second Series, Vol. 14, pages 308-326; 1915
Shows the winning pattern. [[http://scoundrelsforum.com/index.php?action=gallery&g2_itemId=9742 Available
from the Scoundrels Files archive]]
======**Cover the Spot videos**======
[[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuJqz2TKOR8 Demonstration on YouTube]]
[[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnxOH6HpBB8 Cover The Spot on The Real Hustle]]
======**Cover the Spot links**======
[[http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DiskCoveringProblem.html Mathematical discussion of the problem]] which includes a
diagram of the winning pattern.
[[http://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/23/6/23-6-104.htm Montana State Law about Cover the Spot, section "23-6-104. Amusement
games allowed"]]
"(xii) Cover the spot. The object of this game is for the player to drop five circular discs onto a circular spot,
completely covering the spot. The diameter of each of the discs used to cover the spot must be a minimum of 64% of the
diameter of the spot to be covered. The spot to be covered must be painted or drawn on a permanent, solid material, such as
metal or wood, or may be a lighted circle. The spot and each disc must have a uniform diameter."
[[http://scoundrelsforum.com/index.php?topic=624.0 Thread on the Scoundrels Forum]] that includes photographs.
[[http://scoundrelsforum.com/index.php?topic=82.0 Long thread on the Scoundrels Forum]] discussing cover the spot.
[[http://www.themagiccafe.com/forums/viewtopic.php?topic=147616&forum=190 Thread on The Magic Cafe]]
[[http://www.themagiccafe.com/forums/viewtopic.php?topic=56809&forum=101 Another Cafe Thread]]
------====Cheating at Dice and Cards====
------====Pool Hustling====
------====Gamesmanship====
=====[[http://www.whithaydn.com/ Whit Haydn]]=====

------ScoundrelsBibliography ScoundrelsGallery ScoundrelsGlossary ScoundrelsPatter ScoundrelsSightings ScoundrelsFilm
ScoundrelsSayings [[http://whithaydn.com/smf/ Scoundrels Forum]]
------WhitHaydn

Gambling Book Bibliography of Games Used To Cheat People.

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------ScoundrelsBibliography ScoundrelsGallery ScoundrelsGlossary ScoundrelsPatter ScoundrelsSightings ScoundrelsFilm

ScoundrelsSayings [[http://whithaydn.com/smf/ Scoundrels Forum]]

---====Fast and Loose French Sources====

---====Fast and Loose German Sources====

------=====Fast and Loose DVDs and Videos=====

[[https://dspace.ucalgary.ca/handle/1880/476 Available for free from The University of Calgary]].

Briefly describes the basic move.

---====Three-Card Monte German Sources====

---======Three-Card Monte DVDs and Videos======

Pinard, Andrew J.: [[http://www.threeshellgame.com/ The Three Shell Game]]

---====Shell Game Italian Sources====

---======Shell Game DVDs and Videos======

=====Confidence Games--The Short Con and the Big Con=====

------======Medicine Show Bibliography======

Edward Marlo, Shoot the works - A complete Manual of Dice Manipulation

=====[[http://www.whithaydn.com/ Whit Haydn]]=====

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