Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Philippines
College of Education
Sta. Mesa, City of Manila
Written Report in
Child and
Adolescent
Development
Group 7 Middle Childhood
Celso G. Tan Jr.
Ethel G. Factoranan
Kim B. Boncales
BSEDSS 2-1N
Genes
Food (4-6 years old needs 1,800 calories) (7-10years old 2,000
calories)
Climate
Exercise
Medical Conditions
Diseases and Illness
Physical changes
Motor skills
Motor skills are behavioral abilities or capacities. Gross motor skills involve
the use of large bodily movements, and fine motor skills involve the use of
small bodily movements. Both gross and fine motor skills continue to refine
during middle childhood.
Children love to run, jump, leap, throw, catch, climb, and balance. Children
play baseball, ride bikes, roller skate, take karate lessons, take ballet lessons,
and participate in gymnastics. As schoolage children grow physically, they
become faster, stronger, and better coordinated. Consequently, during
middle childhood, children become more adept at gross motor activities.
Children enjoy using their hands in detailed ways, too. From early in
preschool, children learn and practice fine motor skills. Preschool children
cut, paste, mold, shape, draw, paint, create, and write. These children also
learn such skills as tying shoelaces, untying knots, and flossing their teeth.
Some fortunate children are able to take music lessons for piano, violin, flute,
or other instruments. Learning to play an instrument helps children to further
develop their fine motor skills. In short, along with the physical growth of
children comes the development of fine motor skills, including the sense of
competence and confidence to use these skills.
Health
Middle childhood tends to be a very healthy period of life in Western
societies. The typical minor illnesses of early childhoodcolds, coughs, and
stomachachesare likely to lessen in frequency in middle childhood. This
improved resistance to common illnesses is probably due to a combination of
increased immunity from previous exposures and improved hygiene and
nutritional practices. Minor illnesses occur, but most illnesses do not require
medical attention. Minor illnesses may help children learn psychological
coping skills and strategies for dealing with physical discomforts.
Major illnesses for schoolage children are the same as major illnesses for
younger children: influenza, pneumonia, cancer, human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). But obesity, or
being 20 percent or more above one's ideal weight, is a special health
problem that occurs during the school years. About 25 percent of schoolage
children in the United States today are obese, and the majority of these
children go on to become obese adults. Obesity in adulthood is related to
heart problems, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Although obese children
are not at the same medical risks as obese adults, these children should
master effective eating and exercise habits as early as possible to decrease
the risk of later obesity and healthrelated problems.
The majority of disabilities and deaths in middle childhood are the result of
injuries from accidents. In the United States, nearly 22 million children are
hurt in accidents each year. For children, the most common deadly accidents
result from being struck by moving vehicles. Accidents may occur at, near,
and away from home; therefore, adequate adult supervision is always
important. Injuries occurring at school are usually the result of playground
and sportsrelated accidents. Consequently, children should always wear
protective headgear and other safety gear when playing sports and riding
bikes. Other causes of death in middle childhood include cancer, congenital
defects, homicide, and deadly infections.
Motor development
Unimanual- require the use of one hand.
Motor skills:
Coordination- a series of movements organized and timed occur in a
paticular way to bring about particular result.
Balance - Is the child's ability to maintain equilibrium or the stability of his
body in different positions.
Static balance- is the ability to maintain equilibrium in a fixed position like
balancing one foot
Dynamic balance- is the ability to maintain equilibrium while moving
Speed- the ability to cover a great distance in the shortest possible time.
Agility- one's ability to quickly change his/her position.
Power- the ability to perform a maximum effort in the shortest possible
period.
Between the ages of about 7 and 11, children are in the period of cognitive
development that Jean Piaget referred to as the concrete operational stage.
During this period of intellectual development, kids become increasingly
skilled at understanding logical and concrete information. However, they still
struggle to grasp hypothetical or abstract concepts. At this age, kids are able
to focus on multiple aspects of a problem or situation and become less
egocentric, meaning that they are able to think about and understand things
from different viewpoints. However, they tend to be more focused on the
"here and now" and less on the future consequences.
REFERENCES
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/positiveparenting/middle
.html
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/psychology/developmentpsychology/physical-cognitive-development-age-711/physicaldevelopment-age-711
http://psychology.about.com/od/early-child-development/a/cognitivedevelopment-in-middle-childhood.htm