1.

List the four distinct roles for pharmacists in responding to a BIOTERRORISM

event:
1. Education
2. Know local points to contact ex. Hospitals, law enforcement.
3. Be involved in local planning
4. Volunteer
2. Please define the concepts: deductible, co-insurance, limit/maximum. Describe
how insurance and managed care companies use these three methods to control
risk and set premiums.
Deductible: a certain amount needs to be paid first by the patient before the
insurance company pays part of or the rest of the costs.
Co-insurance: Third party payer pays or reimburses a fraction of the full price of
treatment. Typical = 80/20, 90/10
Limit/Maximum: expenses are paid to a maximum and the patient is responsible for
expenses above this limit.
Insurance and managed care companies help people control risk and set premiums
by utilizing deductibles, co-insurance, and limits/maximums. Insurance transfers
some of the peoples risk to the insurance company for a fee called a premium. The
premium can be equated as the total costs and margin over the number of
individuals or members.
3. What is Healthy People 2020 and what are its four goals? Briefly summarize the
initiative described in class from HP2020 objectives
Goals:
-high quality, longer lives, without disease, disability, or injury
-improve health for everyone, equal amount of health among people
-promotion of good health for all
-increase quality of life by developing healthy behaviors.
4. What is the 1947 WHO definition of health? List the 6 dimensions of health.
Please articulate how traditional concepts of health relate differ from more modern
concepts of wellness
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of
disease of infirmity
Dimensions: physical, social, mental, emotional, spiritual, environmental
Traditional: want to identify and correct the problem, be responsible and have
regular check-ups, change through treatment of health problems, change of health
care providers
-Wellness: reduce risk and promote health, reduce risk because you are responsible
for your own quality of life, change through information, education and lifestyle
change, change through yourself.
5. In the Affordable Care Act, the abbreviation ACO stands for Accountable Care
Organizations

6. In your own words, briefly describe reasons why a pharmacist might be needed
by the U.S. Healthcare System to fulfill the role of primary care provider?
Right now there is a decreased access for primary care. Pharmacists are not just
limited to dispensing medication behind the counter, but we will also be able to
provide services such as immunizations, medication therapy. We can save time and
provide patients more access to primary care. By having pharmacists part of the
U.S. Healthcare system we can alleviate some the stress on the healthcare system
and provide better quality of and access to care. Pharmacists will be more than
important if everyone is mandated to have insurance. There would be more patients
than what the healthcare can handle now. The health system needs pharmacists
because we have the skills to provide health services that they need.
7. In your own words, describe the potential role of the community pharmacist in a
true patient-centered medical home.
Pharmacists could potentially have a role a true patient-centered medical home
setting. In that event, pharmacists will need to find ways to optimize and patients
quality of care, safety, and prescription management. Requirements may include
calling the patient to follow up on how he/she is doing with the new or on-going
medication. Counseling about the medication and see how they feel about the
medication. Pharmacists may need to find the most cost-effective drug the patient.
Monitoring the patients progress will be an important aspect.
8. While PCMHs are most directly about processes of care/provision of care to small
populations health outcomes, ACOs are most directly about processes of
care/provision of care to larger populations with a focus on larger patient population
outcomes
9. List and describe the steps to negotiate a plane, as outlined in your motivational
interviewing lecture by Dr. Dugan.
1. Set goals, by focusing on behaviors, need to be SMART
2. Consider different options; give the patient different choices or have
patient give options
3. Arrive at a plan; help the patient come up with a plan and how to achieve it
4. Help the patient use the plan
5. Elicit Commitment: write the plan down and confirm the course of action
10. Scenario: Mary Sue comes to an appointment to see you. Her cholesterol and
blood pressure are both elevated today and she has gained 5 pounds since her last
appointment. She tells you she has recently started a new job and is eating fast
food for dinner four nights per week because she is too tired to cook dinner after
work. Mary Sue agrees that she needs to eat out fewer times per week so she can
lose weight.
Wants to eat out fewer so she can lose weight. Perhaps, lose the 5 pounds that she
gained since her last appointment before her next appointment. Prepare a meal
before work that can be heated up in the oven or microwave and when she gets
home. Can begin preparing just once a week , and increase that amount as time
goes by, and in the end, eating out less.