Chapter 5

Simply Supported Rectangular

Plate

Joshua V. Magat

Simply Supported Rectangular Plate

Review:
Mx

2
2
D
w+
w
2
2
y
x

Qx

Myx

Mxy

My

2
2
D
w+
w
2
2
x
y

2
2 w + 2 w
x x
y

Qy

2 2

D (1 )

w
2
2
x y

w+

2
2 w + 2 w
y x
y
4
4

2 2
2 w
2
x y

q
D

w + 2

where:

Eh

12 1

So the effective transverse force per

unit length for an edge parallel to y
axis, Vx

Similarly, for an edge parallel to x-axis, Vy

Vx

Qx

Vx

Mxy

2
w + (2 )
w
3
2

x
x
y

Vy

Vy

Qy

Mxy

2
w + (2 )
w
3
2

y
y
x

PLATE UNDER SINUSOIDAL LOAD

We assume that the load distributed over the surface of the plate is given by:

qo sin

y
sin
a b

q(x , y)

in which q0 represent the intensity of the load at the center of the

plate.

qo := 1

kN
2

a := 5 m

b := 5 m

x sin y

a b

q(x , y) := qo sin

The differential equation for the deflection of the surface

becomes

2 2
w+
w + 2
2 w
4
2
4
x
y
x y
4

qo
D

x sin y

a b

sin

Boundary Conditions:

2
2

2
2

for x

0 and x

for y

0 and y

It may be seen that all boundary condition are satisfied if we take for the deflection of surface is

x sin y

a b

w(x , y , a , b) := C sin

Proof:
lim

2
x a x

w ( x , y , a , b) 0

lim

2
y b y

w ( x , y , a , b) 0

Now we all sure that w(x,y) equation could be or most likely the original deflection equation for q so
lets consider the differential equation
4
4

w+

4
4

2 2
2 w
2
x y

w + 2

q
D

x sin y

a b

C sin

w(x , y , a , b)

w(x , y , a , b)

x sin y

a b

C sin

4
x y
2
2 C sin a sin b
2
2 w(x , y , a , b)
2
2 2
x y

a b

4
4

w(x , y) +

4
4

w(x , y)

2
2
x y

w( x , y) + 2

2
x sin y 1 + 1

2
2
a b a
b

C sin

It turns out that

1
1
C
+
2
2
a b

q0
D

Isolate C, yields

q0

1 + 1
D
2
2
a b

We conclude that the deflection of the surface is

q0

w(x , y) :=

1 + 1
D
2
2
a b

sin

y
sin
a b

we can write the q & w formula in the form of

q(x , y)

m x sin n y

a b

qo sin

w(x , y)

q0

sin m

2
2
2 a

4
m + n
D

2
a b

n y
sin

(m , n

"real constant")

Other Derived formula from the deflection equation above;

q0

1 + sin x sin y

2 2
2
a b
1 a
b
2 1

+
2
2
a b

Mx

q0(1 )

Mxy

My

2
1 + 1 ab
2 2
a b

x cos y

a
b

cos

q0

+ 1 sin x sin y

2 2
2
a b
1 a
b
2 1

+
2
2
a b
q0

Qx

1
1
a
+
2
2
a b

y
sin
a b

cos

q0

Qy

1 + 1
b
2
2
a b

sin

cos

q0

1 + 2 sin y

2 2
2
b

b
1 + 1 a
a

2
2

a b

Vx

Vy

q0

1 + 1
b

2
2

a b

1 + 2 sin y

2
2
b
a

4 q0 a b

8q0 (1 v)

1 1
ab +
2
2
a b

2 q0(1 )

2
2
1 1
a b 2 + 2

a b x=a,y=b

FOURIER SERIES

Joseph Fourier (21 March 1768 - 16 May 1830) was A French

mathematicians and physicist. He his best known for Fourier series:

A way of writing a function as a sum of frequency component

that is the sum of sine waves of different frequencies.
A function must be periodic

f (x + t)

f ( x)

i.e.

f ( x)

sin( x)

sin( x + 2 )

The basis of Fourier series is that all functions of practical significance which are defined in the
interval x can be expressed in terms of a convergent trigonometric series of the form:

f (x)
when

a0 + a1 cos(x) + a2 cos(2x) + a3 cos(3x) + ... + b1 sin(x) + b2 sin(2x) + b3 sin(3x) + ...

a0 , a1 , a2... b1 , b2... are real numbers

f (x)

a0 +

n=1

( an cos(n x) + bn sin(n x))


where for the range

1
f ( x) dx

a0

1
f (x) cos(n x) dx

an

(n

bn

1
f (x) sin(n x) dx

1 , 2 , 3,...)

(n

1 , 2 , 3,...)

Example of Fourier series expansion:

Problem 1. Obtain a Fourier series for the periodic function f(x) defined as:
f ( x)

when < x < 0

when

0< x <

The function is periodic outside of this range with period 2

Solution:

a0

1
f ( x) dx

a0

bn

1
f (x) sin(n x) dx

an

1
f (x) cos(n x) dx

an

(n

We see that an is always zero for all even and odd

number substitute on n, but different in bn,

bn

n
4 k sin

(n

1 , 2 , 3,...)

1

2
3
4

5

So, based on fourier series that expand equation of f(x) is

f (x)

4k

1 , 2 , 3,...)

1
1

sin(x) + sin(3 x) + sin(5x) + ...

3
5

bn

4k

0
k
4
3
0
k
4
5

Show by plotting the first three partial sums of this Fourier series that as the series is added
together term by term the result approximates more and more closely to the function it represents.

If k

f (x)

Let

in the Fourier series

4 sin(x) +

1
1

sin(3x) + sin(5 x) + ...

3
5

P1 (x) := 4 sin(x)

First partial sum

4
P2(x) := 4 sin(x) + sin(3 x)
3

Second partial sum

4
4
P3(x) := 4 sin(x) + sin(3 x) + sin(5x)
3
5

Third partial sum

4.00
3.20
2.40
1.60
0.80

P1 ( x)
P2 ( x)
P3 ( x)

3.14
2.51
1.88
1.26
0.630.000.631.261.882.513.14
0.80
1.60
2.40
3.20
4.00

Pn ( x)

P1( x)

4 sin(x)

P2(x)

4 sin(x) +

4
sin(3 x)
3

P3(x)

4 sin(x) +

4
4
sin(3 x) + sin(5x)
3
5

Pn(x)

( bnn sin(n x))

n =1

Example no. 2

Obtain a Fourier series for the periodic function f(x) defined as

f ( x) := 2x

Solution:

f (x)

a0 +

( an cos(n x) + bn sin(n x))

n=1

where:

1
a0 :=
f ( x) dx 0

1
bn(x , n) :=
f (x) sin(n x) dx

1
an(x , n) :=
f (x) cos(n x) dx 0

200

P200(x) :=

( bnn sin(n x))

n =1

bn :=

4 ( sin( ni) ni cos( ni) )

( ni) 2

6.28
5.03
3.77
2.51
1.26

f ( x)
P200( x)

3.14 2.51 1.88 1.26 0.63 0.00

1.26

0.63

1.26

1.88

2.51

3.14

2.51
3.77
5.03
6.28
x

ODD AND EVEN FUNCTION OF FOURIER SERIES

Even Functions
A function y = f(x) is said to be even if f(-x) = f(x) for all values of x. Graphs of even
functions are always symmetrical about y-axis(mirror image)
2

f ( x) := x

y( x) := cos ( x)

and

100

80

0.5

60
f ( x)

y ( x)
40

0
0.5

20
10

10

0
x

10

1
x

10

Odd Functions
A function y = f(x) is said to be odd if f(-x) = -f(x) for all values of x. Graphs of even
functions are always symmetrical about the origin.

f ( x) := x
110

y( x) := sin ( x)

and

500
f ( x)

10

0.5
0

y ( x)

10

10

500

0.5

110

10

FOURIER COSINE, SINE SERIES AND HALF RANGE

(a) Fourier Cosine Series
The Fourier series of an even periodic function f(x) having period 2 contains cosine term
only and may contain a constant term.

f ( x)

a0 +

( an cos(n x))

n =1

(b) Fourier Sine Series

The Fourier series of an odd periodic function f(x) having period 2 contains sine term only.

f (x)

( bn sin(n x))

n=1

Half Range Fourier Series

(a) Half-Range Fourier Cosine Series
The Fourier series of an even periodic function f(x) having range 0 to , (with a period of 2)

f ( x)

a0 +

n =1

( an cos(n x))

1
a0 :=
f ( x) dx
0

2
f (x) cos(n x) dx
0

an
(n

1 , 2 , 3,...)

(b) Half-Range Fourier Sine Series

The Fourier series of an odd periodic function f(x) having range 0 to , (with a period of 2)

f (x)

( bn sin(n x))

bn

n =1

2
f (x) sin(n x) dx
0
1 , 2 , 3,...)

(n

FOURIER SERIES OVER ANY RANGE

u(x)

2 x
L

a0 +

f (x)

( an cos(n u) + bn sin(n u))

n=1

So, for periodic function with the period of L , f(x+L) = f(x), yields

f (x)

a0 +

n=1

a cos 2 n x + b sin 2 n x
n

L
L

Same approach for even and odd periodic approach having a period of L

Fourier Cosine Series

f (x)

a0 +

n=1

Fourier Sine Series

a cos 2 n x
n

f (x)

n=1

2 n x
bn sin

DOUBLE SINE SERIES

The idea of a Fourier Series expansion for a function of as single variable can be extended to the
case of a functions of two or more variables, For instances, we can expand p(x,y) into a double
Fourier sine series:

p (x , y)

m=1n=1

p sin m x sin n y
mn

a b

The above represent a half-range sine series in x, multiplied by half-range sine series in y, using for a
period of expansion 2a and 2b, respectively, That is

p (x , y)

m=1

p (y) sin m
m

with

pm (y)

n=1

p sin n
mn

we all know that,

pmn

2
pm(y) sin n y dy
b
b
0

and the coefficient of pmn

pmn

4
p(x , y) sin m x sin n y dx dy
ab
a b
0 0

SIMPLY SUPPORTED RECTANGULAR PLATES UNDER VARIOUS LOADINGS

(Using Navier Method)

First, the load and deflection of a periodic function using double sine series;

qF (x , y)

m=1n=1

wF (x , y)

m=1n=1

q sin m
mn

n
sin
b

Note:

period along x is 2a
period along y is 2b

m x sin n y

amn sin

a b

q ( x , y)

qF ( x , y)

w( x , y)

wF ( x , y)

Example (1) Rectangular plate subjected to Uniformly Distributed Load, q(x,y) = q0

q ( x , y)

q0

w(x , y)

C sin

y
sin
a b

and from the previous discussion, we all know that ,

q0
D

2
x
y 1
1

C sin
+
sin
a b a2 b2

then

q0

D sin

y 1
1
2 + 2
b a b

sin

now we can compute for the coefficient of wF(x,y) using derived equation above

amn
b

q0
4
x sin y sin m

sin

2
ab
a

b a

x
y 1
1
4

D sin
+
sin

a b a2 b2

0 0

16 q0 sin
amn

sin

1
1
6
m n D
+
2
2
a b

n y dxdy
sin

(m , n

1 , 2 , 3 , ...)

then the deflection of unifomly distributed load according to double sine series is

wF(x , y)

2
2

m
n

16 q0 sin

sin
2
2 sin m

2
a

1
1
6

m=1n=1
m n D 2 + 2

a b

n y

sin

By inspection, we can see that when the values of m,n = 1,3,5...(m,n = 2,4,6.. are equal to zero),
the equation above reduced to

wF(x , y)

sin m x sin n y

a b
16 q0

6
2
2
2
D m=1 n =1

m n
m n 2 + 2

(m , n

1 , 3 , 5...)

Other Derived equations

Mx

2
m 2
n

16 q0
a
b sin m x sin n y

4
2 a
b

2
2

m n
m=1n=1

+
mn

2
2
b

My

m2 n 2

16 q0
a b sin m x sin n y
4

2 2 a b

m = 1 n = 1 m n m + n

2
2
b

Mxy

16 q0 (1 )

ab

1
m

cos

2
a

m2 n2
m = 1 n = 1
m n 2 + 2
b

n
cos

Example (2) Find the equations of the elastic surface of a simply supported rectangular plate for
two particular case: (a) the plate is subjected to a load P uniformly distributed over a sub region
4cd or so called path load; (b) the plate carries a point load P at x = x1, y = y2
Solution

y1+d

abcd
y1d

qmn

x1+c

m x
n

sin
sin

a b
x1c

dx dy

from which

4P

qmn

mncd

sin

m x1
n y1 sin m c sin n d
sin

a b a b

so the deflection for the given path load is;

w(x , y)

qmn

4
2
2 2
D m = 1 n = 1
m
n

2 + b
a

m x sin n y
sin


a b

(b) when c and d are made to approach zero, qmn

4P
m x1
n y1
sin
sin

ab
a b

qmn

substitute the equation from the equation from the preceding discussion

sin m x1 sin n y1

4P
a b sin m

4
2
a
2
2
ab D m=1n=1
m n
2 +

a b

w(x , y)

n y
sin

b

illustration of surface equation subjected to path and concentrated load;

P := 1

x1 := 3

h := 1

y1 := 1

D :=

Eh

2
12 ( 1 v )

a := 10

d := 1

b := 10

c := 1

Deflection Curve (Path Load)

deflection curve equation of simply supported plate with concentrated load

sin m x1 sin n y1

4P
a b sin m x sin n y
w(x , y) :=

4
2
a
b

2
2
ab D m=1 n =1

m n
2 +

a b

200

200

Deflection Curve (Concentrated Load)

LAST EXAMPLE

A simply supported rectangular plate is subjected to a moment M at x = x1 and y = y1.

Determine the equation for the deflection.

M := 10 kN-m

Deflection Curve (Concentrated Moment)