ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

COURSE CODE : DAS 10203

APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIATION

NAME : SITI KHALIDAH BINTI ABDUL AZIZ

AA131326

NORLIYANA AFIQAH BINTI LAKMAN

AA130015

SITI KHADIJAH BINTI MD ALI SHIFUDIN

AA130084

NUR SYUHADAH BINTI MOHD RAMLI

AA130658

LECTURERS NAME : MR. HJ SUHAIMI BIN MAKMININ

CONTENT

NO.

TOPIC

PAGE

1.0

Problem statement

2.0

Minutes of meeting

1-2

3.0

Theory

3-6

4.0

FILA Table

5.0

Problem solving

8-9

6.0

Discussion

10

7.0

Reference

11

8.0

Conclusion

12

1.0)

Problem statement.

A garden is to be laid out in a rectangular area and protected by a wire fence. What is the
largest possible area of the garden if only 100 cm of wire is available?

2.0)

Minutes of meeting.

Minutes Meeting 1
Date

Saturday - 29/3/2014

Time

9.30pm 11.00 p.m.

Place

Kolej Kediaman Tun Dr Ismail

Attendant

Full

Activities

a) Discussed about the question given and the requirement

needed in this task. Find out the main concept that must
be used on to solve the problem.
b) Derivative of a function maximum and minimum point.
c) Discuss the detailed actions and the suitable references to
refer on.
d) Parts were divided:
Syuhadah

: FILA table, Mathematical solving

Afiqah

: Conclusion , slide show

Khalidah

: Introduction, analysis.

Khadijah

: Discussion, minutes meeting.

- Meeting adjourned to the next meeting.

1
Minutes meeting 2

Date

Sunday - 30/3/2014

Time

10.00 11.00 p.m.

Place

Kolej Kediaman Tun Dr Ismail

Attendant

Full

Activities

a) Gather the parts that have been divided to everyone on the

previous meeting.
b) Edit the whole report.
c) Discussed about the presentation and its present parts.
d) Meeting was dismissed.

Note

The meeting went well.

2
3.0)

Theory.

The topic of our project is Application of Differentiation where we have learnt in

Chapter 4 in DAS 10203. In this topic, we learnt about extreme value of functions where it is
one of the applications of the differentiation that we have explored in previous chapter. So, let
we explain more about extreme value of functions.
First of all, what is extreme value of functions? Extremum is when f (c) is a local
maximum of f if f (c) for all x in some open interval containing c. Extremum also we called
when f (c) is a local minimum of f if f (c) for all x in some open interval containing c. In
other words, we call f (c) a local extremum of f. Local maxima and minima are sometimes
reffered to as relative maxima and minima, respectively.
The next one is absolute extreme. What is absolute extreme? Absolute extreme is a
continuous function f (x) defined on a closed, bounded interval [a , b] attains both an
absolute maximum and absolute minimum on that interval. How to get absolute extrema of f
(x) on[a ,b]?
These are the steps on how to get the absolute extreme of f (x) on [a , b] :
1. Verify that the function is continuous on the interval [a, b].
2. Find all critical points of f (x) that are in the interval [a , b]. We only interested in
what the function is doing in this interval and we do not care about critical points that
fall outside the interval.
3. Evaluate the function at the critical points that found in Step 1 and the end points.
4. Identify the absolute extrema.
Here we included an example of application of differentiation that is similarly to the
question given.
Problem : A farmer has 2400 ft of fencing and wants to fence off a rectangular field that
borders a straight river. He needs no fence along the river.
So, how to solve this problem? First of all, we need to know what are the dimensions
of the field that has the largest area. In order to get a feeling for what is happening in the
problem, lets experiment with some special cases.
3

For this type of question, it is easier if we draw the picture or diagram in order to get a
better understanding about the question. Here are three possible ways of laying out the 2400
ft of fencing.

Diagram 1

Diagram 2

Diagram 3

From the diagrams above, we can see that when we try shallow, wide fields or deep
and narrow fields, we will get relatively small area. It seems plausible that there is some
intermediate configuration that produces the largest area.
So, we will use this diagram to help us to solve the problem.

Diagram 4
We want to maximize the area, A of the rectangle. So, let x and y be the depth and
width of the rectangle (in feet). Then, we express A in terms of x and y , A = xy. Next, we
want to express A as a function of just one variable. So, we eliminate y by expressing it in
terms of x. To do this, we use the given information that the total length of the fencing is 2400
ft.
Thus,
2x +y =2400
From that equation, we have,
y =2400 2x
This gives A = x(2400 2x) = 2400x -2x2
Note that x 0 and x 1200 (otherwise A < 0)
So, the function that we wish to maximize is :
A(x) = 2400x 2x2

0 x 1200

The derivative is = A(x) = 2400 4x

So, to find the critical numbers, we solve: 2400 4x =0
Thus, x = 600
5

The maximum value of A must occur either at that critical number or at an endpoint of the
interval.
x = 0 , A(x) = 2400(0) 2(0)2 = 0
x = 600, A(x) = 2400(600) 2(600)2 = 720 000
x = 0 , A(x) =2400(0) 2(0)2 = 0
The Closed Interval Method gives the maximum value as A(600) = 720 000
Alternatively, we could have observed that :
A(x) = 4 < 0 for all x
So, A is always concave downward and the local maximum at x =600 must be an absolute
maximum. Thus, the rectangular field should be 600 ft deep and 1200 ft wide.

4.0)

FILA Table.

Facts

1) A garden is to

Ideas

Learning issues

1) Area = length x width

1) What is the largest

be laid out in a 2) Perimeter = 2x + 2y

rectangular
area.

to get an area equation

in one variable.

2) It is protected
by a wire fence.

1) Internet
possible area of 2) Engineering mathematics 1
the garden if only

3) Substitute the equations

4) Differentiate the
equation to get the

Action

100 cm of wire is

module
3) Library books

available for the

fence?
2) How to find the
critical value?

critical value

7
5.0)

Problem solving.

A garden is to be laid out in a rectangular area and protected by a wire fence. What is the
largest possible area of the garden if only 100 cm of wire is available?
x = length (cm)
y = width (cm)
2
A = area of rectangle ( cm

P = perimeter of fence

P = 2x +2y
2x + 2y = 100
2y = 100 2x
y = 50 x

A = xy
= x ( 50 x)
= 50x dA
dx

x2

= 50 2x

Critical value =

dA
dx

=0

50 2x = 0
-2x = -50
x = 25

8
2
x = 20, f(A) = (50)(20) - 20

= 600
2
x = 25, f(A) = (50)(25) - 25

= 625
2

x = 30, f(A) = (50)(30) - 30

= 600

2
The largest possible area of the garden is 625 cm at x = 25 cm

9
6.0)

Discussion.

Recently, we were assigned a task related to the rules of derivative differentiation. We need
to find the most effective way to solve the problem. Based on the references such as books
and online resources, at the end, we found a mathematical concept for us to apply in the
question. Moreover, in term of problem solving, we have been exposed among the examples
of derivative of a function throughout its applications. This task provides immediate practices
in very wide range application-type exercise based on the skills concepts and theories learnt.
On the whole, differentiation has many applications indeed. For example, derivative used to
find the maximum, minimum and point of inflexion of the graphs of function. Besides,
chemical reaction rates are determined using the concept of the derivative.
On the period to complete this task, there was a mistake in mathematical solving such as
misplaced the formula and wrong in calculation. However, we can overcome it with checking
back our works and try to work in partnerships to avoid the other mistake. Ultimately, our
learning outcome has been placed when we are applicable and understand how to highlight
which is the concept derivative function are should be used on. The solution is shown as
below.
To solve the question given, we are maximizing the area, so we need an equation for the area
in one variable. We used two separate equations and substitute to get an area equation in one
variable. In this case, we used equation of its area and parameter. After substitute the

equations, differentiate the new equation. In order to find the critical value,
to find the maximum value, use the neighborhoods points.

dA
dx

= 0. Next,

10
7.0)

References.

a) Nafisah @ Kamariah Md Kamaruddin, Morziha Che Him, Moorzehan Fazahiyah Md

Shab ; Engineering Mathematics 1 DAS 10203; 2014, Penerbit UTHM; Johor
b) Souderton math
soudertonmath.wikispaces.com/file/view/calc+4.5.(09).ppt
c) Derivative wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation_(mathematics)
d) Anton, Howard; Calculus; QA303 .A576 2002

11
8.0)

Conclusion.

Based on the solution that we had made, we used the application of differentiation to solve
the problem. The derivative of a function of a real variable measures the sensitivity to change
of a quantity which is determined by another quantity. We really need to understand the
concept of application of differentiation to solve the given problem. So, it is important to
study the concept and apply it in the problem solving. For example, the derivative of the
position of a moving object with respect to time is the object's velocity: this measures how
quickly the position of the object changes when time is advanced.

12