Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
301
(Japan)
SUMMARY
INTRODU(JIION
Most countries in the Middle East already have a water deficit. They
consume every drop of the rechargeable (annually renewed) water
available to them in the rivers and subsurface aquifers and are rapidly
mining underground fossil water that can be used once and then is gone
for good.
Jordan and many other Arab states will also soon be depleting their
own renewable sources if current patterns of water consumption am not
quickly and radically altered.
OOll-9164/94/$07.00 0 1994 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
SsDIOOll-9164(94)00094-5
302
DISI-AQABA
SCHEME
HYDRO-POWERED
REVERSE
OSMOSIS
DESALINATION
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304
9.8*Q*He
(1)
Pth*Ef
(2)
WP
365*24*GPkP
(3)
where
Pth
He
P
Ef
wp
Gf
:
:
:
:
:
Hydro-potential (kw)
Flow discharge (m3/s)
Effective difference head of water (m)
Installed capacity (kW)
Synthesized efficiency (-)
Potential power generation per annum (kWh)
Generating efficiency
305
TABLE I
Installed
Power
station
Elevation
(m)
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
630
410
220
(Total)
1,039
1,039
7,946*
7,946*
81&
(2,078)
(woc9*
@lo)**
Remarks:
306
TABLE II
Pre-treatment
Desalting plant
RO membrane/equipment
Controland operatingsystem
Appurtenantworks
Powerlineand substation
Energyrecovery/turbine
Sub-total
Design and construction management:
Financial expenditure:
US$(1990price)
6,468,OOO
10,306,ooo
12,417,000
871,000
3,954,ooo
1,143,ooo
255,000
35,414,ooo
9,111,ooo
11,563,000
Labor
Material supply
Chemicals
Membrane replacement
sub-total
544,000
272,OQO
1,089,OOO
726,000
2,63 1,000
(see Fig. 2). The scheme will utilize seawater which would be pumped
directly to a natural basin located 587 m above sea level with a storage
capacity of 8.2x 106 m3 [2].To compare with the Qatara solar-hydra
scheme, Galala-Read Sea seawater pumped-storage scheme has two
advantages as shown below;
i) Delete a substantial capital cost of intake tunnel or canal with a
length 60 to 80km.
ii)Minimize the environmental problems of the artificial lake.
The world first seawater pumped-storage scheme, which has been
conceived in the early 1980s in Egypt, includes some technical problems
such as corrosion of pipe and turbine system. This unique application of
non-conventional hydro-power, however, would be marginally feasible
in the arid region where deficit of the peak power demand is substantial.
\
./8/
26
_a
Mediterranean Sea
\
.j
_..R
I
i
\
I
i
1
I
@I
0
.
I
!
Ic
---
TunneVConduit
Solar-tiydm Power Station
I
!
i
APPLICATION
OF HYDRO-POWERED
&
309
310
3,718,ooo
Labor
1,860,OOO
Material supply
7,440,ooo
Chemicals
Power (pumped-storage for RO feedwater) 3,100,OOO
28,269,OOO
Membrane replacement
sub-total
44,387,OOO
311
CONCLUDDJG REMARKS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
1
RNA - Howard Humphereys Ltd., Groundwater Resources Study in the Shidiya Area, Main
Report, pp. 49-112 (1986).
WPDC, World News, Egypt Plans Seawater Pumped-Storage Plant, Water Power & Dam
Construction, January (1989), p. 4.