www.facebook.

com/victorong1028
My view to Differentiation and Integration

by victor Ong Zhang

Integration
I believe most teacher will simply tell SPM and STPM students the integration is the inverse function of differentiation. I
am not telling that this is wrong, it is right, but we cannot really understand what it is
Most teachers will simply give a brief intro by using following diagram,

dy
dx

f ( x) dx
Well, let me give you all some basic view of integration, before proceed to the definition of integration, plz go through
the definition of differentiation

dy
dx

is finding a gradient from a y=f(x)

f ( x)dx

means f (x )time dx

Where dx is the small change of x

For Educational Purpose Only

Not in Sale

www.facebook.com/victorong1028

Just now I just give some word explanation, now we go thoroughly about it

f (x1 )
f ( x)

x1 x2
1.

Approach
When

x1

x2

and

are coincident to each other

x 2> x 1
but x 2 x 1
so x=x 2x 1 still have some very small distant which is lim x=x 2x 1
x 0

x 2=x 1+ x
2.

Finding the area of rectangle

Length Height

Length=x2 x1 = x
When

is infinitesimal small, almost equal to zero

Length=x2 x1 = x
x x dx 0
Height = y
To be more comfort with us, we let

f ( x 1 )=f ( x )

and

f ( x 2 )=f ( x 1+ x )=f ( x+ x )=f (x )

Area of rectangle=Length Height= ( x 2x1 ) ( f ( x 2 )f ( x 1 ) ) =( ( x +x ) x )( f ( x ) ) =x ( f ( x ) ) =f ( x ) x

As x become smallersmaller , lim x=dx
x 0

Why we want to make

Because as

very small?

become smaller, we can ensure that the area calculated followed

For Educational Purpose Only

Not in Sale

Length Height

www.facebook.com/victorong1028

Area of rectangle=f ( x ) dx
Imagine we want to find the Area function, we need to separate that the graph to infinity small rectangle, so we
need to add all the small are rectangle to form a big rectangle, but we dont use discrete sum to add them,
because f(x) is a continuous function, so we introduce a new symbol to continuous sum,

f ( x ) dx= of Small Area of rect angle with dx=small change of xf ( x ) is the corresponding height
3.

Now , we go back to figure out why integrate of gradient function is f(x)

dy
dx

f ( x)

f ' (x)

f ' (x) dx
Gradient function,

dy
=f ' (x ) is the function generate gradient by input x value
dx

f ' ( x ) dx= of Areaof rectangle which dx isa basef ' ( x ) isthe height

f ' ( x )= lim

x 0

f ( x+ x )f ( x)
x

Area of rectangle which dx is a basef ' ( x ) isthe height=f ' ( x ) lim x= lim
x 0

f ( x +x )=f ( x)
xlim
0
From reverse observe

For Educational Purpose Only

Not in Sale

x 0

][

f ( x+ x )f ( x )
f ( x +x )
lim x = lim
x
x
x 0
x 0

www.facebook.com/victorong1028

f ( x )= lim f ( x +x )= lim
x 0

x 0

( f ( x +xx)f ( x ) ) x=[ lim f ( x+ xx)f ( x ) ] [ lim x ]=[ lim f ( x+ xx)f ( x ) ] dx=

For Educational Purpose Only

Not in Sale

x 0

x 0

x 0