Optical Control Plane and

Dynamic Optical Restoration

Kyle Hollasch
Product Marketing Manager High End Routing and Optical Group

22-Jan-2013

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 nLight Control Plane Architecture

Background - GMPLS, WSON, and GMPLS-UNI
Dynamic Optical Restoration
Economic Benefits of Multi-Layer Restoration
Summary

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Programmability, Convergence, and Scale

nLight
Silicon

nLight
Control Plane

nLight
ROADM

100G and Beyond

Adaptive Rate
High Performance

Information Sharing
The Network is the Database
Automation to Optimization

Complete Flexibility
No Manual Intervention
Massive Scale

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Information
sharing
across
layers

ML
restoration
for optical
failures

Optical
optimization
coordinated
with router

Coordinated
optical layer
maintenance

GMPLS-UNI
Impairment aware DWDM CP (WSON)
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 GMPLS builds label switched paths across a variety of transports

Consistent control plane for multiple switching layers /

technologies. Primarily non-packet.

Data Plane operates independently of the Control Plane
Domain Model, Client/Server relationship.

L3
L2
L1
L0

Defines a UNI function for cross-domain provisioning

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 Traditional control planes (MPLS-TE, ASON) assume a

homogenous physical layer (regen everywhere, no L0 issues)

WSON is defined in several IETF drafts, which add these key

components to GMPLS
Routing and Wavelength Assignment
Distribution / collection of Channel Impairments, Path optical characteristics,
other affected channels

Impairment calculation is distributed

Reasonable computation requirements on Network Elements
No heavy reliance on DCN bandwidth, delay, and availability
Centralized, but online computation certainly possible.

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Foundation for Multi-layer Information Exchange

Embedded Optical Layer Intelligence

Linear impairments
Power Budget
Chromatic Dispersion (CD)
Polarisation Mode Dispersion (PMD)
Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR)

Topology
Lambda assignment
Route choices (C-SPF)

Interface Characteristics
Bit rate

Non linear Optical impairments:

Self-Phase Modulation (SPM)
Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM)
Four-Wave Mixing (FWM)

FEC scheme
Modulation format

Regeneration Capability

CISCO
WSON
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The Ultimate Service Velocity Enabler

Zero Planning Wavelength Setup
Any-to-Any designs not feasible in large networks
On the Fly optical validation
IP

Transport
Request

Request

Request
via UNI

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Find a
Path

Verify
Feasibility
(offline)

Provision
with WSON

Provisioning
via WSON

Provision

Circuit
Up

Circuit
Up

Coordinate

Coordinate

Service
Up

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Achieving Multi-Layer Service Velocity

GMPLS
UNI
CRS-3
ASR9000
UNI-N
UNI-C

MSTP

GMPLS UNI creates a circuit connection by signaling exchanges between UNI

Client (UNI-C) and UNI Network (UNI-N) nodes. Typically, UNI-C nodes are
router nodes and UNI-N nodes are optical nodes.
Provides the ability to share and leverage information across layers

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Operation and Benefits

Client: IP/MPLS Control Plane

Scale
Operational expertise

R1

R3

R2

Organizational segmentation
Faster provisioning
GMPLS-UNI

Client to Server via GMPLS-UNI

Create a Circuit to R2
O1

O3

O2

Server: DWDM WSON Control Plane

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 Requires a touchless, flexible optical layer

Is executed by the WSON Control Plane to find and validate the

feasibility of new routes

Leverages the GMPLS-UNI for two-way communication with a

client-based DWDM transceiver

Is a key component of Ciscos nLight Control Plane

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 What?
Dynamic Optical Restoration is a service provided by the DWDM layer to the
client layer which enables the automatic re-routing of a failed optical circuit
over a new route, triggered by a DWDM-layer event (no UNI required) or by
the client (UNI required).

Why?
By using the same optical interface for both working and protect modes,
network capex can be dramatically reduced (50% savings vs. Y-cable), while
its automated nature simplifies operations. Also, Restoration enables recovery
from multiple successive failures.

How?
Colorless & Omni-Directional ROADMs combined with Tunable lasers allow
the optical layer to re-route an optical circuit in a fully touch-less manner.
Embedded WSON intelligence enables the DWDM layer to dynamically
validate the optical feasibility of the new route, ensuring success and
eliminating dependence on an off-line design tool.
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animated slide

Touchless Optical Layer + Embedded WSON Intelligence

Client

Client

IPoDWDM

IPoDWDM

ONS 15454
MSTP

Fiber Cut!
Embedded WSON intelligence locates and verifies a new path
Edge Nodes instruct client to re-tune its wavelength
Colorless, Omni-Directional ROADM switches the path
Service is brought back up with the same Client and Optical interfaces, zero touches
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A Few Facts
Supports ring and mesh topologies.
Supports all node configurations with at least omni-directional functionality

(colorless is ideal but not required)

Can operate on unprotected (0+1+R) or protected (1+1+R) circuits. Protected

circuits can be PSM, Y-Cable, or Splitter protected.

Can be provisioned for revertive or non-revertive behavior, automatic or manual

revert.
Currently operates on the fly only no resources are pre-allocated, no routes

are pre-calculated (route calculation is very fast)

Supported on ONS 15454 MSTP Release 9.6.0.3 and later

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Trigger

Route Discovery
and Validation
OK

FAIL

Activation
and
Revert (optional)

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Link Failure
Signal Failure

Constrained OSPF algorithm

First try original wavelength, then others
Relax other constraints (future)

Re-tune interface wavelength (if necessary)

Provision VOAs and WXC ports

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Triggers

Trigger

Route Discovery
and Validation
OK

FAIL

Activation
and
Revert (optional)

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Link Failure
Signal Failure

Constrained OSPF algorithm

First try original wavelength, then others
Relax other constraints (future)

Re-tune interface wavelength (if necessary)

Provision VOAs and WXC ports

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Types of Triggers
Link failures: LOS and LOS-P
Detected by the ROADMs / Amplifiers terminating each link
Location of problem is therefore known
Node failures

Signal failures: Signal Failure and Signal Degrade

Detected by the source / destination interfaces
Location of problem is unknown
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Transponder vs. IPoDWDM

Internal NE Management

Transponder-based interface
SD/SF trigger reported internal to the NE
Transponder

ROADM

GMPLS UNI

Client-based interface (i.e. IPoDWDM)

SD/SF trigger reported via GMPLS-UNI
ROADM

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Restoration Details
GMPLS UNI

GMPLS UNI

SD/SF criteria are defined by the interface (i.e. Pre-FEC/OTN errors)

Only if Optical Validation is not Green, does Restoration then begin

Why? Because if optical validation is Green, the route appears to be OK, so the
DWDM interface is probably failing. No point in restoring.

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Route Discovery and Validation

Trigger

Route Discovery
and Validation
OK

FAIL

Activation
and
Revert (optional)

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Link Failure
Signal Failure

Constrained OSPF algorithm

First try original wavelength, then others
Relax other constraints (future)

Re-tune interface wavelength (if necessary)

Provision VOAs and WXC ports

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Trigger

Path
(Shortest First, with Constraints)

Wavelength
(Original First)

OK

ALL
FAIL

All Waves

Up to 5 Paths

FAIL

ALL
FAIL

Activation

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Path Error (today)

Intelligently relax constraints and try again (future)
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 Path Diversity
Defined from UNI in terms of Node, Link or LSP-id
Link diversity only

Optical Threshold Validation

Defined from CTC only
>3 sigma confidence level (99.7%)
>2 sigma confidence level (95.5%)
>1 sigma confidence level (68.3%)
< 1 sigma confidence level (<68.3%)

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Switch and (Optional) Revert

Trigger

Route Discovery
and Validation
OK

FAIL

Activation
and
Revert (optional)

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Link Failure
Signal Failure

Constrained OSPF algorithm

First try original wavelength, then others
Relax other constraints (future)

Re-tune interface wavelength (if necessary)

Provision VOAs and WXC ports

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1.

Optical Circuit Request is triggered by:

Craft Terminal
UNI interface
Control Plane for restoration

2.

Routing calculation (Head Node)

3.

Signalling (from Head to Tail nodes)

4.

Non linear impairments calculation (Tail Node)

5.

Circuit Reservation (all nodes)

6.

Circuit Activation (all nodes)

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Control
Plane

Data
Plane

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1+R
1. Restoration, no Revert
2. Manual Revert
3. Upgrade Command

1+1+R
1. Working failure, Restoration,

no Revert
2. Protect Failure, Restoration,

no Revert
3. Working Failure, Restoration with

Revert

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Key to Animated Drawings

Working Trail
Protect Trail
Active Trail (Carrying Traffic)
Trail Unavailable
Path in Failure (non-revertible)
Main Path

Restore Path
Protect Path (1+1)

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animated slide

Path Configuration: Restore no Revert

Client

Client

State: Traffic is on Main path

Change: Main path fails, traffic is lost
Behavior: Restore path is calculated. Traffic moves to the Restore path
Behavior: Main path is cancelled, Restore path becomes the new Main

animated slide

Path Configuration: Restore + Manual Revert

Client

Client

State: Traffic is on Restore Path, Main Path in failure

Change: Manual Revert
Behavior: Traffic does not move back to Main Path as it is non-revertible
Behavior: Traffic does move back to Main Path once it becomes revertible, and
Restore Path is cancelled

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animated slide

Path Configuration: Restore no Revert

Client

Client

State: Traffic is on Main Path / Working Trail

Change: Main Path / Working Trail fails, 1+1 switches traffic to Protect trail
Behavior: Restore Path is calculated. Working Trail moves to Restore Path.
Old Main path is cancelled. Restore path becomes new Main Path.
Subcase: If 1+1 is revertive, traffic is 1+1 switched back to new Main / Working

animated slide

Path Configuration: Restore no Revert

Client

Client

State: Traffic is on Main / Working path

Change: Protect path fails. (1+1 does not switch). Protect trail is unavailable.
Behavior: Restore path is calculated. Protect Trail moves to Restore Path.
Restore path becomes new Protect Path. Old Protect path is cancelled.

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L1 Protection + L3 Re-Route

Slow L3 Re-Route

Router Interface Utilization 50%

Fast L1 Protection

DWDM Wavelength Utilization 50%

Net DWDM Utilization 25%

No inter-layer communication Over provisioning Wasted resources

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Fast L3 Protection, No L1 Protection

Proactive Protection

Fast L3 Protection

Router Interface Utilization 50%

No L1 Protection

DWDM Wavelength Utilization 100%

Net DWDM Utilization 50%

Better, but too much risk for some? Time to restore DWDM wave/path?
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Fast L3 Protection plus L0 Restoration

Control Plane

Fast L3 Protection

Router Interface Utilization 75%

L0 Restore

DWDM Wavelength Utilization = 100%

Net DWDM Utilization 75%

Higher Utilization Fewer interfaces Lower Capex

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 nLight Multi Layer Restoration (MLR) leverages the IP and

DWDM agility to decrease the cost of running the IP/MPLS

service
The increased agility means less standby IP capacity to

handle expected outages or better SLA for the same

deployed IP capacity
Enables Higher average IP utilization
Enables Tighter SLAs

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Higher IP Interface Utilization

3 x 100G

6 x 100G interfaces
Normal: 140G / 300G

140G

Failure: 140G / 200G

MTTR: Hours to Days

2 x 100G
Premium: 45G

Avg IP util: 140/300= 47%

4 x 100G interfaces
Normal: 140G / 200G
Failure: 140G / 100G

Best Effort: 95G

(Oversubscription, Best Effort loss)

Avg IP util: 140/200= 70%

MTTR: Seconds to Minutes
Restore

Study based on major SP: 26%-40% Fewer Interfaces Required

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Goal: Maintain SLA at Lower Cost

Traditional Network Protection

Multi-Layer Protection

Slow but Smart

Fast and Smart

Routing Convergence

BFD, IP-FRR, TE-FRR

Pre-FEC Proactive
Protection

Layer 3

nLight Control Plane

SONET/SDH Protection
DWDM 1+1 Protection

Fast - but Dumb and Expensive

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Layer 0/1

Dynamic Optical
Restoration

Slow - but Smart & Efficient

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 While MLR for optical failures allows the SP to save

significantly, there is still need for spare capacity in the IP

layer to deal with IP layer failures
Router interface failures

Full router failures (in particular at the edge of the network)

Future phases will extend MLR to deal with such failures

This will more than double the savings that can be achieved

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 WSON is a DWDM aware GMPLS Control Plane, made possible

by a touchless reconfigurable optical layer

GMPLS-UNI allows multi-layer communication between the client

layer (IP) and the server layer (optical), which enables

Fast Provisioning
Exchange of value-add information such as SRLG, latency, topology,
And ultimatelydynamic network re-optimization

Dynamic Optical Restoration is a DWDM-layer feature that

leverages both WSON and GMPLS-UNI

Combined with intelligent L3 protection mechanisms, it can allow

higher interface utilization, and thus fewer interfaces, and lower

network Capex.
Paves the way for L3 and/or SDN driven re-optimization
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Thank you.

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