Bioenergy - Action Plan Centru Region Promobio - Eu

2014
BIOENERGY/BIOMASS ACTION
PLAN FOR THE CENTRE REGION
2014-2020
The Centre Region Development Agency

01.01.2014
THE BIOENERGY/BIOMASS ACTION PLAN (BAP) FOR THE CENTRE REGION

for the period 2014 2020
Contents
Chapter 1
A. Introduction the context of drawing up the BAP ............2
B. The methodology used to draw up BAP...........................................................................................3
C. Status of promotion and use of bioenergy / biomass in Europe......................................................5
D. Status of promotion and use of bioenergy / biomass at national level........................................11

E. Status of promotion and use of bioenergy / biomass in the Centre Region.................................20
F. SWOT analysis for the development of biomass use in the Centre Region...................................28
Chapter 2
G. Principles and strategic action areas for the promotion/development of biomass ....32
H. Proposed action plan for each strategic area....................33
I. Implementation and monitoring of BAP.........................................................................................43
J. Reference documents ..................................................................................................................44
CHAPTER 1
A. Introduction the context of drawing up the BAP
The action plan for bioenergy / biomass of Centre Development Region is carried out in the PromoBio
project whose main goal is the development of biomass energy use identified as one of the main renewable
energy resources in the region. For a good substantiation of PAB, it is necessary to evaluate both the
European as well as the national and regional context.
-
European Context: At European level, the Strategy 20 X 20 X 20 substantiates Europe's strategic

options on Horizon 2020s. Biomass Action Plan <COM (2005) 628 final> emphasizes that: "In the face of
Europes growing dependency on fossil fuels, biomass is one of the key ways to increase security of energy
supply and energy sustainability of Europe."
National Context is characterized by:

conventional energy resources in depletion (oil, gas, coal);
increased energy intensity (specific energy consumption per unit of GDP) - which lowers economic
competitiveness of Romanian products;
low specific consumption of energy per capita - low Romanian economy production;
Imperatives arising from this situation are priorities for national energy strategy:
The need for securing the power supply by using renewable energy sources
Lowering the environmental impact due to the production and use of energy from conventional
sources (hydrocarbons)
Increasing economic competitiveness by reducing the specific energy consumption the increase of
energy efficiency in all areas of activity;
Capitalizing a high degree of increased potential for biomass - currently used on a small scale with
out-dated technologies that have low efficiency.
Context of Centre Region

Increased biomass potential (mainly wood) due to intensified exploitation of the forests as well as
that resulting from existing crops or one that can be obtained through energy crops established on
degraded or unsuitable soils for traditional agriculture;
Premises:
Already drafted Strategy to promote the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in the Centre
Region; this strategy identifies biomass as the main RES, in terms of potential and highlights the strategic
directions for action;
The existence of local action plans for sustainable energy - SEAP carried out by COM signatories in
the Centre Region: of the 60 signatories nationwide 18 are in the Centre Region (10 in Alba county) - all
counties are COM signatories. All these plans include actions to exploit local biomass resources.
The development of European projects such as PromoBio aim to: increase the capacity of regional
actors (public authorities but also private companies) to promote the use of biomass; exchange of
experience and skills transfer from European countries renowned for their high level of energy recovery
from biomass; support pilot projects in the region that become models of biomass use.
The existence of projects already implemented by exploiting wood biomass: Project Sawdust 2000;
the energy groups in wood biomass cogeneration from Holzindustrie Sebes; St. George Business
Incubator - biomass heat source for heating the office building, etc.
B.
The methodology used to draw up BAP
The PromoBio project has provided a series of assessments: on the one hand, to identify groups of
important regional players in the energy recovery of biomass, and on the other hand, the feedback from
these groups through the answers to the questionnaires relating to key issues in drawing up the BAP.
i.
Identify regional actors relevant in the field of biomass energy recovery:

Local and regional authorities;
Institutions with responsibilities in the field;
Entities that own and manage the forest fund
Companies that use the wood mass;
Agricultural associations;
Institutions of higher education and research in the field of forestry/agriculture;
Energy agencies and other environmental organizations;
Companies providing technologies for the energy recovery of biomass.
Feedback (through questionnaires, interviews) from these relevant actors on key issues in
developing BAP:
The main purpose of the BAP;
1. To define a set of priorities and actions;

2. To make an inventory of existing and
future projects of the main actors;
3. To propose interventions in local and
national policies;
4. Other: implementation guide of a
project to use biomass
ii.
entities that must be involved in drawing up the BAP;
iii. The main obstacles in the development of biomass use;
iv.
Responsibilities in implementing the plan;
C.
Status of promoting bioenergy / biomass in Europe

At a European level, the sustainable energy strategy in the medium and long term (horizon of 2020 - 2030
to 2050) is outlined in the following documents (strategies, action plans, directives):
Green Paper - "A European strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy"
[COM(2006) 105 final]
This Green Paper is an important milestone in the development of an energy policy for the European
Union (EU). If Europe wants to achieve its economic, social and environmental targets, it needs to
address major issues related to energy, such as a growing dependence on energy imports, volatile oil and
gas prices, climate change, an increasing energy demand and obstacles to creating a fully competitive
internal energy market.
EU should exploit its position as the 2nd largest energy market in the world and a world leader in
managing demand and promoting renewable energy sources.
The Commission calls on Member States to do their utmost to implement a European energy
policy built on three fundamental objectives:
- Sustainability - to actively combat climate change by promoting renewable energy sources and
energy efficiency;
- Competitiveness - to improve the efficiency of European energy network through creating a truly
competitive internal energy market;
- Security of supply - to better coordinate the EU's energy supply and energy demand in an
international context.
In the Green Paper, the Commission shall make specific proposals in six priority areas for the
implementation of a common European energy policy:
Increasing the competitiveness and development of the internal energy market in Europe.
Diversification of the energy mix by promoting ecological diversification of energy supply.
Solidarity - measures to be taken at Community level to prevent energy supply crises and manage
them if they occur.
Sustainable development - a better energy strategy to balance environmental objectives with

competitiveness and security of supply.
Innovation and Technology - measures should be taken at EU and national level to ensure that
Europe remains a world leader in the field of energy technology.
The need for a common European energy policy.
Energy 2020 - A strategy for sustainable, competitive and sustainable energy [COM (2010) 639]
The new European energy strategy developed in 2010 focuses on five priorities:
Achieving an energy efficient Europe - 2020 target is to achieve 20% energy savings, the sectors
with the greatest potential of achieving significant energy savings are the buildings and transport.
Creating a truly pan-European integrated energy market: European energy markets need to be
more open to allow people to benefit from reliable and competitive prices, and sustainable energy.
Empowering consumers and achieving the highest level of security and energy security through:
energy policies must become more consumer friendly;
continuous improvement of safety and energy security;
Extending Europe's leadership in energy technology innovation
Strengthening the external dimension of the EU energy market.

5
GDP Energy demand Energy intensity

(Source: Presentation "European Strategy for Sustainable, & Competitive & Secure
Energy" of Directorate General for Energy and Transport of the EC): Evolution of GDP, energy demand and energy
intensity in the EU
Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC);

This Directive aims to establish a common framework for the production and promotion of renewable
energy.
Context
The directive is part of the legislative package on energy and climate change, part of a Community
legislative framework aiming to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. This framework encourages
energy efficiency, renewable energy consumption, improving energy supply and economic stimulation of
a dynamic sector in which Europe represents an example.
National targets and measures
Each Member State has a target calculated on its share of energy from renewable sources in its gross final
energy consumption for 2020. This target is consistent with the overall "20-20-20" of the European
Community.
Moreover, the share of renewable energy in the transport sector must be equal to at least 10% of final
energy consumption in this sector by 2020.
National action plans for renewable energy
Member States should set up a national action plan to fix the share of energy from renewable sources
consumed in transport and electricity production and heating, for 2020. These action plans should take
into account the effects of other energy efficiency measures on final energy consumption (the more
significant reduction in energy consumption, the less energy is required to achieve the target renewable).
Also, these plans must provide for ways of reforming planning and charging schemes and access to the
electricity grids in favour of renewable energy.
Cooperation between Member States
Member States may "exchange" the amount of energy from renewable sources by a statistical transfer
and may develop joint projects for the production of electricity and heat from renewable sources.
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Cooperation can be established with third countries. The following conditions must be met:
o Electricity must be consumed within the European Community;
o Electricity must be produced by a newly built installation (after June 2009);
o The amount of electricity produced and exported should not receive any other support.
Guarantee of origin
Each Member State must be able to ensure both the origin of electricity and energy for heating and
cooling from renewable energy sources. The information in these guarantees of origin is standardized and
should be recognized in all Member States. It can be also used to provide consumers with information
regarding the composition of the various power sources.
Access to grids and their management
Member States should create the necessary infrastructure for renewable energy in the transport sector.
For this purpose, they must:
o
ensure that operators guarantee the transport and distribution of electricity from renewable
sources;
o
Provide for a priority access to this type of energy.
Biofuels and bio liquids
The Directive takes into account the energy from biofuels and bio liquids. They should contribute to a
reduction of at least 35% of emissions of greenhouse gases to be taken into account. Since 1 January
2017, their share in reducing emissions should increase to 50%.
Biofuels and bio liquids are made from raw materials from outside or within the Community. Biofuels and
bio liquids shall not be produced from raw materials from high value as biodiversity or with high carbon
stock lands. To qualify for financial aid, they must be classified as "sustainable" according to the criteria of
the directive.
Biomass Action Plan [COM (2005) 628 final]

The Biomass Action Plan is part of the new EU energy policy set out in the Green Paper on energy
published in March 2006.
Biomass refers to all animal and vegetable products used to produce energy. Biomass represents around
half (44-65%) of the total renewable energy sources used in the EU. Biomass currently provides 4% of the
energy needs of the EU (the equivalent of 69 million tonnes of oil - toe).
An increase in the share of biomass in the energy mix to 150 million toes could bring the following benefits:
- Diversification of energy supply to Europe;
- Significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions * (209 million tonnes);
- Direct jobs for250-300 000 persons;
- Potential for fall in oil prices due to a lower demand.
Biomass for heating
Heating is undoubtedly the sector that uses biomass the most, due to simple and not very expensive
technologies. However, paradoxically, the use of biomass is in slower growth in this sector.
The Commission intends to use various measures to improve the situation, including:
- Adopting specific new legislation on renewable energy sources for heating;
- Amending the Directive on the energy performance of buildings;
- Conducting a study on ways to improve the performance of household biomass boilers as well as to
reduce pollution.
However, the use of biomass for heating is best suited to be done in district heating plants than separate
heating systems.
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Biomass-Generated Electricity
European Commission stresses that there are many ways of producing electricity from renewable energy
sources. Attention should focus in this area on the Directive on electricity from renewable energy sources.
The use of biofuels in transport
It is regulated by the Directive for biofuels for transport among other states that:
- Establish national targets for market share of biofuels;
- Obligation to use biofuels;
- Implementing a system for certifying compliance with standards for biofuels.
Boosting supply of biomass
Regarding agriculture, the reform of the common agricultural policy (CAP) introduced a special "aid for
energy crops". In addition, the Commission will fund an information campaign on the priorities for energy
crops and prospects to exploit them.
Forestry statistics show that approximately 35% of the annual growth of forests in the EU remains unused.
An action plan will be developed to stimulate the generation of electricity from wood biomass. The
Commission will also review the impact of energy use of wood residues from forest industries.
Waste is also an insufficiently exploited energy resource. For this reason, the Commission is currently
developing a thematic strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste, and is preparing a proposal for
the revision of the waste framework legislation.
Animal by-products which are not intended for human consumption are increasingly being used for power
generation.
We also give special attention to the adoption of European standards for solid biomass fuels in order to
facilitate trade, develop markets and increase consumer confidence.
The European Commission encourages the development of action plans at national and regional level to
assess biomass at different levels (physical and economic availability, priorities of use, measures to be
taken, etc.).
Funding for Biomass
Support the development of renewable and alternative energy sources is a key objective for the structural
and cohesion funds. EU and Member States should therefore promote the development of renewable
energy sources through regional policy.
The Commission also points out that support for biomass production and use must comply with EU state
aid policy.
Biomass and research
The Commission proposal for the 7th Framework Programme places a high priority for research on
biomass. It is intended to promote best practices to stimulate research in further optimizing the use of
crops and wood waste for energy purposes and in conversion processes.
Roadmap and targets

"Renewable Energy Roadmap. Renewable Energy in the 21st century: building a more sustainable future"
COM(2006) 848 final;
The Roadmap outlines the Commission's long-term strategy on renewable energy in the European Union
(UE). This strategy aims to enable the EU to achieve the twin objectives of greater security of energy supply
and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. An assessment, of the share of renewable energies in the
energy mix and the progresses made in the last 10 years, shows that the renewable energies could be
exploited more and more efficiently.
In this roadmap, the Commission proposes to establish a binding target of a 20% share of renewable
energies in EU energy consumption by 2020 and a 10% binding minimum target for biofuels. The
Commission also proposes a new legislative framework to strengthen the promotion and use of renewable
energies.
Directive 2009/28/EC (Directive on renewable energy sources, establishes a European framework to
promote renewable energy and sets mandatory national targets in this area, consisting of achieving a share
of 20% renewable energy in final energy consumption and 10 % in transport by 2020, a reduction of
emissions of greenhouse gases by 20% by 2020, and increase energy savings by 20% by 2020.
These objectives have been transposed into national legislation, Romania committing to achieve a share of
34% of energy from renewable sources in electricity consumption by 2020.
Energy Roadmap 2050 (15 December 2011)
The EU has committed by 2050 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% from 1990 levels, given the
need to reduce emissions in the developed countries. In Energy Roadmap 2050, the Commission examines
the challenges of meeting the EU target on decarbonisation, ensuring at the same time, security of supply
and competitiveness.
The document outlines some of the energy system decarbonisation scenarios. All scenarios involve major
changes in terms, for example, carbon price, technology and networks to achieve 90% reduction in
emissions of greenhouse gases, which implies a decrease of about 85% of CO2 emissions related to energy
sector, including transport.
In the configuration of scenarios to transform the energy system and the transition from 2020-2050, in
Energy Roadmap, one of the premises underlying the construction of a sustainable energy system is the
switching to renewable energy sources.
All decarbonisation scenarios analyzed and underpinning this paper suggest that the share of renewable
energy sourses will increase, reaching up to 30% of gross final energy, in 2030. The challenge facing Europe
is to allow market players to reduce the cost of renewable energy by improving research, industrialization
of the supply chain and streamlining the policies and support systems. Heating and cooling from
renewable energy sources are crucial for decarbonisation. Energy consumption must shift to local energy
sources and low carbon emissions (including heat pumps and storage heaters) and renewable energy
sources (e.g. solar and geothermal heating, biogas, biomass), including DH systems.
2020
+20% RES
-20% GHG
+20% energy
efficiency
2030
+30% RES
2050
-40% GHG
-80 -95% GHG
Within the 2050 perspective, the European Commission announces more ambitious targets for reducing
emissions of greenhouse gases: by 80-95% and counting, in particular to reduce them, on increasing the
share of energy from renewable sources.
The use of biomass in Europe: comparative analysis and graphics:
Situation of share of different types of renewable energy sources for electricity production: Europe 2011.
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D. Status of promotion and use of bioenergy / biomass at national level

Romania has established through the European directive for energy from renewable sources, ambitious
targets for 2020, targets that take into account both the potential of renewable sources as well as their
recovery stage in the reference year 2005.
Thus, the assessed national potential on renewable sources (evaluation issued through the National
Renewable Energy Action Plan - NREAP) is:
Renewable energy sources
The annual energy

potential
Economic equivalent
energy (thousand toe)
Solar energy, of which:

- thermal
Field of
application
1,536.0
60x10^6 GJ
1,433.0
1.200 GWh
103.2
Electricity
Wind energy
23.000 GWh
1,978.0
Electricity
Hydropower, of which:
40.000 GWh
3,440.0
Electricity
6.000 GWh
516.0
Electricity
318x10^6 GJ
7,597.0
Thermal energy
7x10^6 GJ
167.0
Thermal energy
- photovoltaic
- under 10 MW
Biomass
Geothermal energy
Thermal energy
Starting from this potential (which definitely can be capitalized only in a certain percentage), the overall
national target for share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2020
(which inserts the numbers from Annex I, Part A of Directive 2009 / 28/CE) is given in table 3.1 (NAPRE):
A. Share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption
of energy, 2005 (S2005) (%)
17.8
B. Target of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption

of energy, 2020 (S2020) (%)
24
C. Projected total adjusted energy consumption for 2020

(thousand toe)
30,278
D. Projected amount of energy from renewable sources

corresponding to 2020 target (calculated as B x C) (thousand toe)
7,267
It is found that the biomass assessed potential is more than 50% of the overall RES potential assessed in
Romania, also representing more than the value of envisaged amount of energy from renewable sources
corresponding to Romania in 2020.
We can underline the importance of energy recovery in a higher degree of biomass, renewable energy
resource for which there are advanced technologies and is suitable both at small-scale applications
(separate heating systems) but also at medium / large power applications for the production of energy in
cogeneration (electricity and heat) in high efficiency systems.
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To achieve the national targets set for 2020 in terms of energy, a number of strategic documents have been
elaborated and a number of national programmes have been launched, as follows:
1. Energy strategy, action plans, roadmap;
Energy Strategy of Romania during 2007-2020
Approved by G.D. No. 1069/2007, the Strategy aims at satisfying the energy demand both now as well as in
the medium and long term, at a price as low as possible, suitable for a modern market economy and a
decent standard of living, in terms of quality, food safety in accordance with the principles of sustainable
development. Romanian energy sector strategic priority is to create a competitive market in terms of
efficient energy use with environmental protection requirements.
The strategic aims are the following:
Energy Safety
- Increasing energy safety by providing the necessary energy resources and limiting energy import
dependence;
- Diversification of import sources, energy resources and their transportation routes;
- Increasing the level the suitability of national supply networks of electricity, natural gas and oil;
- Protection of critical infrastructure;
Sustainability
Increasing the energy efficiency;
Promoting energy production based on renewable sources;
Promoting the production of electricity and heat in cogeneration plants, especially in highefficiency cogeneration plants;
- Supporting research, development and dissemination of applicable research results;
- Reducing the negative impact of the energy sector on the environment;
- Rational and efficient use of primary energy resources.
Competitiveness
- Development of competitive markets for electricity, natural gas, oil, uranium, green certificates,
certificates of emission of greenhouse gas and energy services;
- Liberalization of energy transit and ensuring equal and continuous access of market participants
to transport, distribution and international interconnections networks, further restructuring
and privatization, especially the stock market in the sectors of electricity, heat and gas;
- Further restructuring of the coal sector in order to increase profitability and capital market
access.
Measures envisaged promoting renewable energy sources are:
- Increasing the recovery, in terms of economic efficiency, renewable energy resources for
electricity and heat production through facilities in the investment stage, including facilitating
access to the grid;
- Improvement of the green certificates market in order to attract private capital in investments in
renewable sources;
- Promotion of mechanism to support renewable energy resources in the production of heat and
domestic hot water;
- The use of structural funds.
Note: In the energy strategy is underlined the need to capitalize on a large scale the potential of biomass
which covers about 50% of all renewable energy in Romania, biomass is by cogeneration technologies, an
important solution for the production of electricity and thermal energy, also is one of the most convenient
solutions for obtaining thermal energy for heating.
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National Renewable Energy Action Plan - NREAP

NREAP performs a review of national legislation in the field of renewable energy, presenting national
targets and measures to support the achievement of the targets.
In NREAP are being promoted the following long-term strategic directions:
Unconventional technology transfer from companies with tradition and experience in
implementing rules, attestation and certification in accordance with the relevant international standards;
Development and implementation of legal, institutional and organizational measures;
Attracting private and public sector in the financing, management and operation in terms of
efficiency of the modern energy technologies;
Identify funding sources to support and develop applications for capitalization of renewable
energy sources;
Supporting the setting up of joint-venture companies (involving risk reduction methods in which
two companies combine their forces of production or promote together a product; the method of
entering into foreign markets where local company acts as a Partner, with the aim of producing and
promoting the product in that market), specializing in capitalization of renewable energy sources;
Development of research and development programmes oriented towards accelerating the
integration of renewable energy sources in the national energy system.
NREAP: total annual quotas (2011-2020) for electricity from biomass
Year
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
M.U.
MW
GWh
MW
GWh
MW
GWh
MW
GWh
MW
GWh
MW
GWh
MW
GWh
MW
GWh
MW
GWh
MW
GWh
Biomass
90
435
165
795
250
1,200
340
1,640
425
2,050
510
2,450
540
2,600
565
2,720
590
2,850
600
2,900
solid
80
385
145
700
200
960
250
1,200
300
1,450
350
1,680
370
1,780
385
1,855
400
1,930
405
1,950
Of which
biogas
in cogeneration
10
90
50
435
20
165
95
795
50
250
240
1,200
90
340
440
1,640
125
425
600
2,050
160
510
770
2,450
170
540
820
2,600
180
565
865
2,720
190
590
920
2,850
195
600
950
2,900
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan - NEEAP -(for 2007-2010)

It has promoted measures of energy efficiency improvement that fall into the following
categories:
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Regulations;
Information and legislative measures (Information Campaign, Energy Audit);
Voluntary agreements and cooperation instruments (Industrial Companies, Long Term
Agreements);
Energy services for energy savings (Third Party Financing, Energy Performance Contracts);
Financial instruments (subsidies, tax exemption on issuing the construction permits for
thermal rehabilitation works, co-financing of works);
Energy efficiency mechanisms and other combinations of the other sub-categories (energy
efficiency funds).
NEEAP includes horizontal and trans-sector measures, namely regulations (provisions of Directive
2006/32/EC and Directive 2005/32/EC), information campaigns, funding schemes expected to be
undertaken in partnership with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
In 2014, the new national action plan for energy efficiency for 2014-2020 will be drafted in
which the "European Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/UE" will be included and which must
achieve the target set by the EU to reduce primary energy consumption by 20% by 2020.
Law 220/2008 on the promotion of energy from renewable sources, as supplemented and
amended.
The present law creates the legal framework necessary to extend the use of renewable sources
energy by:
Attracting into the national energy balance of the renewable energy sources needed to
increase security of energy supply and reduce imports of primary energy resources;
Stimulating sustainable development at local and regional level and the creation of new
jobs related to capitalization processes on renewable energy sources;
Reduce environmental pollution by decreasing the production of pollutant emissions and
greenhouse gas emissions;
Ensure necessary co-financing in attracting foreign financial sources to promote renewable
energy sources within the limits of sources established annually through the state budget
law and solely for the local public authorities;
Defining rules relating to guarantees of origin, applicable administrative procedures and
connection to the grid in terms of energy produced from renewable sources;
Establishment of sustainability criteria for biofuels and bio liquids.
Level of national targets for the share of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in
gross final consumption of electricity in the years 2010, 2015 and 2020 is 33%, 35% and 38%.
To achieve the national targets set out in paragraph (2), in addition to electricity produced from
renewable energy sources provided in art. Article 3 (1), it shall be taken into account the electricity
produced in hydropower plants with an installed capacity greater than 10 MW.
The annual mandatory quotas for electricity produced from renewable energy sources benefiting
from green certificate promotion system for the period 2010-2020 are as follows:
2010 8.3%; 2011 - 10%; 2012 - 12%; 2013 - 14%; 2014 - 15%; 2015 - 16%;
2016 - 17%; 2017 - 18%; 2018 - 19%; 2019 19.5%; 2020 - 20%.
The annual mandatory quotas for electricity produced from renewable energy sources benefiting
from green certificate promotion system for the period 2020-2030 are set the relevant ministry and
approved by Government decision and should not be under quota set for the year 2020.
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NAER qualifies producers of electricity from renewable energy to benefit from the green certificate
promotion system, as provided in the Regulation of qualification of producers of electricity from
renewable energy sources for the application on the green certificate promotion system.
The producers of renewable energy benefit from a number of green certificates for electricity
produced and delivered according to provisions of par. (1), including the amount of electricity
produced during the test period of the groups / power plants operation, as follows:
for the electricity from hydroelectric plants with an installed capacity of not more than 10
MW:
3 green certificates for each 1 MWh produced and delivered, if the hydroelectric plants are
new;
two green certificates for each 1 MWh produced and delivered, if the hydroelectric plants
are re-technologized;
one green certificate for each 2 MWh from hydroelectric plants with an installed capacity
of not more than 10 MW, if the hydroelectric plants are not new or refurbished;
Two green certificates until 2017, and a green certificate starting with 2018 for each 1 MWh
produced and delivered by the producers of electricity from wind energy;
3 green certificates for each 1 MWh produced and delivered by the producers of electricity
from geothermal sources or sludge fermentation gas from wastewater treatment plants;
6 green certificates for each 1 MWh produced and delivered by the producers of electricity
from solar energy.
It benefits from the green certificate promotion system regulated by this law and the isolated
electroenergy systems.
2. National programmes to promote investment for production and use of energy from renewable
sources developed to date:
"National Programme for Energy Efficiency and Use of Renewable Energy in the public sector
for (2009-2010) ", approved by G.D. 1661/2008; with the following objectives:
Granting financial support for co-financing from the state budget, which leads to the stimulation
of a large volume of local investment, either by attracting other funding sources or through publicprivate partnership;
Thermal energy bill reductions for the population, increasing comfort and security of heat and
hot water supply;
Increasing comfort in public buildings by improving heat supply service, indoor and outdoor
public lighting, as well as the restoration of heating installation and thermal insulation;
Development of the energy services market in Romania and energy efficient equipment market,
especially the development of domestic production;
Capitalizing locally the potential of renewable energy sources to meet the demand for thermal
energy and replacing or reducing the amount of expensive or deficient fuels;
Reduction of polluting emissions in urban living areas and of global pollution by diminishing
greenhouse gas emissions;
Rehabilitation and modernization of district heating supply, including changing the type of fuel
for energy combustion plants (e.g. biomass);
Thermal rehabilitation of public buildings and the use of local potential of renewable energy
sources for electricity and / or heat supply (projects with a strong socioeconomic impact);
Modernization of indoor and outdoor public lighting.
the "Green House" National Programme, for individuals, consists of awarding fixed amounts
from the Environment Fund budget, depending on the type of installation, as follows:
up to 6,000 lei to install solar panels;
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up to 8,000 lei for the installation of heat pumps;

up to 6,000 lei for installation of thermal energy based on pellets, briquettes, wood chips
and any residues and vegetable waste from agriculture, wood, and forestry.
Under this programme, the applicant may apply to the following conditions:
is a natural person residing in Romania;
is the owner / co-owner of the property on / in which the project is implemented;
property shall not be subject to litigation pending to be settled in the courts of law, of any
claim under a special law or common law, of any expropriation proceedings for the public
interest;
has no outstanding obligations to the state budget, local budgets, according to applicable
national law;
in the activity carried out prior to the start of the project has breached the legal provisions on
environmental protection and does not sponsor activities with detrimental effect on the
environment.
This programme ran in 2010 and 2011 and there is no available version yet.
The "Green House" national programme for public authorities implied using the Environment
Fund to finance projects for installation of heating systems using renewable energy, including
replacing or supplementing traditional heating systems. The purpose of the programme was to
improve the quality of air, water and soil by reducing pollution caused by burning wood and fossil
fuels used to produce heat energy used for heating and hot water, and encourage the use of systems
that use renewable clean energy sources.
Beneficiaries were administrative territorial units, public institutions and religious establishments;
the beneficiaries submitted projects for funding under the Programme for buildings owned by or in
their administration.
Within the Programme, projects were conducted to replace or supplement traditional heating
systems with systems using solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, hydropower, biomass,
landfill gas, gas fermentation sludge from wastewater treatment plants and biogas or other systems
leading to improved air quality, water and soil.
The public institutions / religious establishments that wanted to participate in the programme had to
have a feasibility study for the chosen objective, elaborated according to Government Decision no.
28/2008, comprising: monthly consumption of cold and hot water, certificate of payment documents,
and the number of users, except agreements and permits.
The grant, provided by the Environment Fund was granted in the amount of up to 90% of eligible
project costs. The amount of funding for public institutions could not exceed 2,000,000 lei. The total
programme budget was 100 million lei. The period of programme development was between
15.12.2010 and 20.01.2011.
Unfortunately, these programmes had limited budgets and a development period that ended in
2011, so that in Romania currently there are no national programmes that directly support projects
to increase energy efficiency and implement solutions for production and use of energy from
renewable sources.
3. Assessment of biomass potential nationwide:
The Study on assessment of current energy potential of renewable energy sources in Romania
conducted by ICEMENERG Bucharest, in 2006, indicated for biomass the following values of technical
potential energy, respectively economic conversion potential:
16
Biomass Type \ potential
MU
Technical Potential
Vegetable biomass (forest + GT / year

Thousand
toe/
crops)
289,500
6,915
24,600
587
14,800
353
organic GT / year
22,800
544
13,700
327
GT / year
518,400
12,382
318,000
7,595
GT / year
Urban waste
fraction
Total
Thousand toe /
year
Conversion
471,000
11,249
year
Biogas
Economic
Potential
Thousand toe /
year
Thousand toe /
year
The same study also includes a map of the distribution by regions and counties in Romania of the
energy potential of the two major components: forest biomass and agricultural crops.
Potential of biomass energy in Romania

As an observation: if all the amount of assessed biomass could be harnessed, it alone could meet the
2020 target for energy from renewable sources.
4. The situation of current capitalisation of RES/biomass in Romania

The current systems of promoting energy from renewable sources in Romania focus mainly on
promoting/supporting electricity production, especially through large-scale projects. The support of the
production of heat, especially for heating, although it has a significant share in total final energy
consumption, has been neglected.
Green certificate promotion scheme (Law 220/2008) has already shown its shortcomings - especially
large and mega projects in the fields of wind turbines and solar panels were implemented that had a high
degree of economic profitability in the current form of the law 220/2008; these projects have caused a
number of major drawbacks: difficulty in compensating variations of power generated in the national
electricity transport by large size wind and photovoltaic systems; increase in final price of electricity
17
consumers (including the value of green certificates corresponding to electricity from renewable
sources), difficult to bear by the population and by industrial consumers; reduced economic effect of
implementing these major projects (given that they were developed by foreign investors, with import
technologies, which have created few jobs, and a low level of technology transfer, and the net economic
outcome - profit - is usually externalized).
In these circumstances, there is a need to rethink the national priorities on renewable energy sources:
the effort to support RES by harnessing their potential should be transferred at local level through small/
medium projects undertaken in a sustainable manner.
This sustainability refers to low CO2 emissions generated by the project implementation but also to these
projects economic profitability and positive social impact at the local level: generating jobs, gains in
fighting pollution, the economic effects of these projects that would generate local benefits.
Under all these aspects, the efficient energy recovery of local biomass resources through sustainable
projects is of utmost importance.
The traditional use of wood biomass in rural areas of Romania was under the form of firewood (especially
in areas where there is no natural gas distribution network) used for heating and preparation of food,
unfortunately, this use is made in combustion installations with a very low yield (about 20%), being
inefficient and pollutant.
It requires the support through national/regional programmes for switching from these inefficient
installations to modern boilers with corresponding yields (> 75%).
The "Green House" National programme that ran only for two years (2010 and 2011) proved a particular
interest of domestic energy users to switch to the use of RES technologies and hence of biomass to
produce heat and hot water. Unfortunately, the small grant fund programme, excessive bureaucracy in
the evaluation of applications, especially their discontinuation after only two years, hindered the use of
biomass energy locally by the small consumers.
Another important issue to increase the use of biomass in individual applications of producing thermal
energy is providing for biomass resources (pellets, briquettes) at affordable prices.
Unfortunately, in Romania, both the important producers of pellets, as well as the smaller ones, charge
prices well above the domestic purchasing power of beneficiaries as they have secured the sale of
production at these high prices, at exports. The cause of this distortion of the internal market is the
difference between the price of natural gas (the main classic alternative energy that is to be replaced
with pellets) in Romania and one of the European countries like Germany, Austria, Italy, etc. (in these
countries the natural gas has a price double than practiced in Romania).
There are two solutions for this matter: either to align natural gas prices - but this would affect the
average purchasing power in Romania, or turn to production systems / integrated recovery pellets /
briquettes at local level.
Examples of major projects for energy recovery at industrial scale of biomass were supported through
special programmes funds for financing and had certain characteristics that made them attractive. Using
the two particular examples, it is possible to identify these features:
The "Sawdust 2000" Project - based on technology using sawdust as an energy source in the
central heating system in five cities, developed under the collaboration with Denmark;
18
Harnessing of wood biomass at the establishments of Holzindustrie company for producing

electricity and heat in cogeneration;
These important features for successful biomass projects are:
access to significant local biomass resources;
funding secured through support programmes;
access to advanced technologies;
sales / use market secured for the produced thermal energy.
19
E.
Status of promotion and use of bioenergy / biomass in Centre Region

1. Strategies and action plans for the sustainable energy at regional / county / local level
a.
Strategy to promote renewable energy in the Centre Region
Goal: Increase of economic competitiveness in the Centre Region and ensure a decent standard of living
by promoting the production and use of renewable energy and complying with the principles of sustainable
development.
Priority axes and intervention areas
Priority Axis 1 - Managing efficiently the energy through local policies well substantiated and through
the modernization of local and regional structures activity of energy management.
Areas of intervention:
Substantiating the policies in the energy field at regional and county level for the development of
strategies and master plans on introducing development directions for energy efficiency and use of
renewable energies.
Promoting Covenant of Mayors initiative and attracting new administrative units from Centre
Region in this European network.
Priority Axis 2 Harnessing the natural potential in Centre Region for the production of energy from
renewable resources.
Boosting energy supply produced from alternative community sources by exploiting local
renewable sources potential and supporting public - private partnerships.
Creating and sustaining regional networking activities of technology transfer and innovation to
achieve the interface between R & D institutions and companies in the field of renewable energies.
Priority Axis 3 Stimulating the use of alternative energy by the companies in the region.
Supporting the introduction of innovative technologies and advanced equipment for the use of
alternative energies.
Promoting regional participations in fairs and exhibitions presenting the technologies and
systems of production and use of renewable energies.
Promoting the creation of new innovative and / or technology companies to operate in the field
of alternative energy and support the development of innovative activities in existing companies.
Priority Axis 4 - Increase the capitalization of research results and development potential for innovation
in renewable energies.
Supporting research and innovation in the field of renewable energies in the framework of
regional development policy.
Institutions participating in investment projects, research projects - development and
international research - development - innovation networks.
Supporting infrastructure development in applied research and technology transfer.
Priority Axis 5 - Improving labor force qualification and developing management skills for those
involved in renewable energies.
Training, retraining, training the workforce in the field of renewable energy.

20

b.
Developing an entrepreneurial culture through a new regional approach within the educational
system.
Energy Master plan of Alba County
The vision of public county authority in terms of energy is:
"Alba County Council aims, through concerted actions on energy, the access to safe energy, with
efficient energy consumption to ensure the quality of life of the countys inhabitants and the
competitiveness of products and services provided, and support of sustainable development by limiting
the environmental impact."
The Countys Energy policy Principles are:
achieving efficient energy management at all levels of activities;
promoting the use of renewable energy resources at a large scale; it will be applied the principle
of distributed energy production where there is exploitable potential (in terms of economic
efficiency) and use it according to consumer needs (with a focus on energy efficiency);
increase energy efficiency in all sectors: public services, the built environment, industry,
agriculture, transport;
supporting the development of a real market for energy services performance as a sure way of
maximizing the quality - price ratio in providing services;
achieving spatial planning in the administrative units in accordance with the principles of energy
sustainability;
creating a responsible attitude towards energy and environment among economic and policy
makers and in general among the inhabitants of the county.
Strategic intervention directions are identified from the following perspectives:
Energy Management;
Ensuring continuity in energy supply;
Energy Efficiency;
Use of energy from renewable sources.
Several actions aimed at promoting the use of biomass contained in EM:
Carrying out a study to identify the biomass potential in the county (map with biomass potential);
Support the establishment in communes with potential of biomass (forest exploitation) of small
enterprises to produce pellets;
Study of opportunity on establishment of energy crops on degraded lands and exploit
opportunities by producing biomass / biofuels;
Implementation of solutions for energy production based on biomass from agriculture;
Initiative to promote a national programme to replace traditional wood stoves with biomass
boilers, for areas without gas grids;
Initiation of training courses in renewable energy for specialists from the County Council and local
authorities;
Promoting projects to use biomass for energy in cogeneration in localities with significant
potential for biomass (Ighiu, Bistra, Zlatna) through public-private partnership;
Promote a pilot project for recovery of degraded lands for energy crops (public private
partnership or European funding)
c.
Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP) - CoM signatories of municipalities in the Centre Region
(e.g.: Alba Iulia, Brasov, Aiud, Tirgu Mures, Fagaras, Cugir, Zlatna, Sfantu Gheorghe, etc.)
These local action plans have been carried out by the respective municipalities to achieve the
objectives assumed as CoM signatories, of reducing on their territories the energy consumption and
therefore CO2 emissions with more than 20% by 2020.
21
SEAP also contain sets of actions in the areas of intervention of which the most important are
buildings, public utilities and urban transport (the energy consumptions and CO2 emissions due to
industrial activity are not taken into account).
In case of the key area "buildings", which is by far the most important energy consumption and
generator of emissions at the urban level, are targeted as main action packages, the improving of
energy consumption and switching to energy production (both thermal - for heating and hot water,
and electricity) from local sources of renewable energy; among them a leading role has the biomass,
used both in individual and collective systems of heating, considered an important alternative at
conventional systems using natural gas or other fossil fuels.
Also, some municipalities having still the production systems and heat supply have envisaged as
actions the switching to generate heat from biomass systems and even energy production in
cogeneration.
2.
Assessment of biomass energy potential in the Centre Region
2.1. Forest Fund of Centre Region

Forests are one of the most important assets of the Centre Region. The total area of forest in the
Centre Region in 2012 was 1 259 900 ha, representing 36.9% of the regions territory, compared to
27.4% at national level. Deciduous forests predominate (54% of the area), followed by those of
conifers. The counties with the highest percentage of forested areas are: Covasna (45.9%), Harghita
(39.5%) and Brasov (38.2%), but it is worth noting that all Centre Region counties have a degree of
afforestation above the national average. Compared to 2007, the forest area in the Centre Region was
reduced in 2012 by approximately 0.4% to county level being recorded slightly contrasting
developments in the period under review: the highest increase was recorded in Mures forest area,
while the most significant reduction was recorded in Harghita.
The forest fund area in the counties of Centre Region during 2007 - 2012
-thousand hectares2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Centre Region
1,264.5
1,252.4
1,257.3
1,255.6
1,259.6
1,259.9
Alba
206.8
206.9
206.4
206.3
206.6
206.1
Braov
202.9
202.9
204.3
204.3
204.4
204.7
Covasna
175.1
162.6
168.7
167.2
170.2
170.2
Harghita
272.8
264.8
264.1
262.3
262.4
262.4
Mure
208.5
225.2
219.4
219.6
219.7
219.8
Sibiu
198.4
190
194.4
195.9
196.3
196.7
Source: Romanian National Institute of Statistics
22
The forest fund area in Centru Region during 2007-2012

thousand hectares
1270
1265
1260
1255
1250
1245
1240
2007
2008
2009
2010
Map of forests in the Centre Region
2011
2012
.
Forest area (% of the land area)
-%27.4
Romania
36.9
Centre Region
33.0
Alba
38.2
Braov
45.9
Covasna
39.5
Harghita
32.7
Mure
Sibiu
Source: Romanian National Institute of Statistics
23
36.2
Afforestation and forest regeneration in the Centre Region

Increasing the area covered by forests and afforestation of agricultural land affected by various
phenomena of degradation are some of the priorities of forest policy in Romania. Areas covered with
new forests are increasing and thus the effects of protection and biodiversity in such situations have
become a priority.
In the Centre Region, afforestation or natural regenerations covered an area of 2470 hectares in 2012,
200 hectares more than the previous year. Of the total regenerated forest area in 2012 in the Centre
Region (natural regeneration and re-forestation), one third was in Harghita County (827 ha), followed by
the counties of Sibiu and Mures. At a regional level, in 2012, of the total forest area, the percentage of
regenerated forest area was of 0.20%. Higher values were registered in Harghita (0.32%) and Sibiu
(0.23%).
2.2.
Wood harvesting in the Centre Region
With a volume of 4.265 million cubic meters of wood harvested in 2012, the Centre Region is the second
Romanian forest harvesting tank (after North-East Region) and the first region in the production of
timber. Harghita and Mures occupy the top two places at the regional level in the volume of timber
harvested in 2012.
The amount of wood harvested in the Centre Region by companies in the wood industry has registered
an upward trend in the recent years with more than 3.5 million cubic metres harvested in 2012. The
counties with the fastest growth are Covasna and Alba, where the harvested quantity increased 2 times
in 2007-2012. Mures and Harghita counties have registered decreases in the volume of wood harvested,
although they remain the major timber-producing counties.
The harvesting source is mainly state-owned forests (39% of total regional in 2012) and privately owned
forests (37.1 % of total). Tree barks and other by-products obtained in 2012 represented almost 270 000
cubic metres in the entire region.
Wood harvested by companies operating in the wood industry
-cubic metres2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Centre Region
2874211
3303116
2501191
2682192
3628917
3554681
Alba
276594
514088
383670
526280
601771
581894
Braov
458849
474073
356456
341343
688814
641067
Covasna
272336
393492
317470
330994
649235
601433
Harghita
713761
822901
586180
424233
501176
621471
Mure
817704
633778
433724
555229
617938
648800
Sibiu
334967
464784
423691
504113
569983
460016
Data Source: the National Institute of Statistics

24
Wood harvested by companies in the Centru Region in 2012, according to t

property (thousand cubic metres)
32
1318
1388
817
Wood mass sold by forest units
State property
Local administration property

2007
Centre Region
-thousandForest
cubic metresPrivate property
vegetation outs
2008
2009
2942,8
2710,4
2484
Alba
263,4
325,4
362,7
Braov
589,1
606,3
608
Covasna
490,9
230,4
229,8
Harghita
506,2
343,1
294,4
Mure
617,8
749,3
545,5
Sibiu
475,4
455,9
443,6

Wood volume harvested by companies in 2012, divided into categories
Centre Region
Harvested
wood Total3554681
Round wood
Bark
3284947
154945
Cubic metres
Other byproducts
114789
Alba
581894
520038
28400
33456
Braov
641067
607953
25522
7592
Covasna
601433
561855
21533
18045
Harghita
621471
571962
31813
17696
Mure
648800
609065
23878
15857
Sibiu
460016
414074
23799
22143

25
2.3.
The biomass energy potential of the Centre Region
Centre Region has a significant energy potential of agricultural and forestry biomass. According to the
study conducted by ICEMENERG SA, the energy potential of biomass in the Centre Region, lower than
that of other development regions (except Bucharest-Ilfov), amounts to 20277 terajoule, of which 4559
terajoule is represented by the forest biomass potential (22.5% - high rate compared to the national
average). Mures and Alba are counties in the Centre Region with the highest energy potential of
biomass. Together, they add 60% of the harvesting potential. Forest biomass accounts for 71% of the
total biomass potential in Harghita. It also has significant shares in Covasna and Brasov (37% and 30%).
3.
Presentation of the current technology using biomass and of the fields of application
The main types of technology used for harnessing biomass energy are:
-
Direct combustion in furnaces;

Advanced thermal biomass conversion into a secondary fuel, through thermal gasification or
pyrolysis, followed by the use of the fuel in an engine or turbine;
Biological conversion into methane gas through aerobic bacterial digestion;
Chemical and biochemical conversion of organic matters into hydrogen, methanol, ethanol or
diesel.
Technological By-product
process
Combustion
Hot gas
Equipment/end product
Applications
- Furnace/ Boiler
- Heating,
heattechnological process
- Hot water
- Electricity+ heating
- Heating
- Electricity + heating
- Steam engine
Gasification
Gas fuel
Synthesis gas
Pyrolysis
Gas fuel
Liquid fuel
Solid fuel
Furnace, gas engine

Gas turbine
Combustion cells
Natural synthetic gas
Liquid biofuel
Engine
Furnace
Engine
Types and technologies used in combustion:

-
Grate furnaces;
Under stoker furnaces;
Pulverized fuel boilers
Technological systems for electricity production:

- - Steam turbines;
- - Gas turbines;
- - Internal combustion engines;
- - Stirling engines
26
Heating
Transportation
Electricity + heating
Electricity + heating
Transportation
4.
Pilot projects within PromoBio and other examples of using biomass implemented in the Centre
Region with the support of PromoBio
a. The Business Incubator in Sfntu Gheorghe - biomass heating source for building heating
The project was to replace the existing heating system for the Business Incubator building, which
used natural gas, with a new source of heating (hot water boiler) using biomass. Technical data:
-
Installed (nominal) power:135 kW

Annual produced heat: 243 MWh
Annual biomass consumption: 426 m3
Biomass: 288 m3 sawdust / 138 m3 wood chips
b. The centralized heating system of the town of Odorheiu Secuiesc- biomass as heating and hot
water source
The gas heating system was replaced by biomass hot water boilers.
- Installed (nominal) power:9,5MW
- Annual produced heat: 76.000 MWh
- Annual biomass consumption: 85.400 m3
- Biomass: wood chips.
c. The centralized heating system of the town of Miercurea Ciuc- biomass as heating and hot water
source for CT KOS KAROLY
The gas heating system at KOS KAROLY, was replaced by biomass hot water boilers.
- Installed (nominal) power :3,65MW
- Annual biomass consumption: 8.150 m3
d. Biomass heating source for greenhouses SC DALIA SRL company
The project was to supplement the current heating system for their greenhouses with a new
heating source (hot water boiler) using biomass.
- Installed (nominal) power:750kW
- Annual biomass consumption: 2110 m3
e. Biomass heating source for a food industry consumerBERTIS company
The project was to supplement the current heating and heat-producing system with a new heat
source (hot water boiler) using biomass.
-
Installed (nominal) power :500kW

Annual produced heat: 2000 MWh
Annual biomass consumption: 2250 m3
Biomass: wood chips.
27
f.
F.
Biomass CHP plants Holzindustrie Sebes

Plant 1:
- Installed powers: 2,7/8,4 MW;
- Annual produced energy: 6.500MWh(electrical)/ 18400MWh (thermal)
Plant 2:
- Installed powers: 8,1/23,6 MW;
- Annual produced energy: 19.500MWh(electrical)/ 46.400MWh(thermal)
SWOT analysis to increase biomass use in the Centre Region

STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
Energy biomass demand and supply market
High potential for wood biomass in the Centre

Region due to the large-scale harvesting of
forests;
Large amounts of agricultural residues from
conventional crops that can be used for the
production of energy;
Large areas of agricultural land unused or
unusable (degraded) for conventional crops
available for the establishment of energy crops;
Significant areas (especially rural) without
natural gas networks which use old heating
systems based on firewood; these areas need
modern heating systems using biomass;
Increasing heat demand of companies in the
manufacturing industry correlated with the need
to reduce emissions related to the
production/use of energy;
The concern of public authorities signatories
of the Covenant of Mayors to use solutions for
heating buildings from renewable energy,
primarily biomass.
28
Excessive use of waste wood for

industrial applications other than energy;
Few
areas
with
sustainable
management of forests which can provide a
significant amount of wood biomass;
Difficulty in organizing networks of
biomass feedstock for the medium / long term
for high power projects;
Small market (due to high prices) for
biomass products: briquettes, pellets
needed for domestic heating of the housing
sector;
Low price of gas compared to the price
of biomass;
Lack of an implemented system to
collect agricultural waste for biomass.
Lack of research - analyses of biomass
potential in the Centre Region, per types.
Economic
activity/
technology/technology transfer
cooperation,
Woodworking industry plays an important role

in the economy of the Centre Region;
Forestry entrepreneurs associations (ASFOR,

APMR);
Innovative clusters in Biomass/renewables

(Green Energy, Pro Wood, RegioFA, RenErg, and
EuReg). Clusters favour technological transfer;
Sustainable Energy Agencies (Alba Iulia, Brasov,

Miercurea Ciuc, Sighisoara) with the declared
objective of promoting RES / biomass projects and
raise awareness / informing consumers of energy;
The emergence of innovative

developing biomass technologies.
companies
Biomass funding schemes
Excessive concentration of woodworking

at a small group of large companies drastically
restricting market access of SMEs;
Lack of a mature regional wood and byproducts market;
Insufficient development of support
structures for SMEs and business cooperation
networks;
Lack of funding sources to support
clusters;
Weak interaction between research and
private business environment;
Difficult access due to high prices of
advanced technologies (like: high efficiency
co-generation) using biomass;
Interest of domestic and foreign investors to

invest in the production and use of biomass biofuels;
Norwegian funding schemes are currently

available in Romania for the use of RES;
Structural Funds provide funding for all areas as

eligible measures to increase energy efficiency and
renewable energy production.
Research,
education
training/Human resources
Economic
activity/
cooperation,
and
vocational
Higher education and research institutions with

research platforms dedicated to renewable energy
e.g. - Transilvania University of Brasov;
Industrial forestry high schools that can start

training programmes in the production and use of
biomass
Skilled staff in energy management and

exploitation of biomass working in the energy
clusters and agencies
29
Insufficient funding schemes available for

biomass projects;
Lack of funding schemes to support

energy crops;
End of the national programme "Green

House" dedicated to switching to heating
systems using RES/biomass;
Reduced ability of local authorities to cofinance biomass heating projects for

important public buildings (schools, hospitals,
etc.).
Research,
education
and
training/Human resources
vocational
There is no job mentioned in the Code of

Romanian Jobs dedicated to RES/ biomass;
No training and certification programmes

available for installers of renewable energy
systems;
Low level of staff training in municipalities

to identify and promote projects using local
biomass resources;
Poor concern of universities for research

programme using biomass: a lack of
research/training centres dedicated to
biomass applications;
Legislation and policies
National Action Plan for Renewable Energy

NAPRE;
Promotion Strategy of RES in the Centre Region

which sets the strategic framework for the
development of RES with a focus on biomass use;
Energy master plans at the level of counties e.g. Alba have identified biomass as the main
renewable resource available but still little used;
Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP) of

municipalities signatories of the Covenant of
Mayors (CoM)
Ambiguous national legislation on green

certificates and on buying green power for the
national electricity grid;
Lack of consistent policies and

government strategy to promote the use of
local renewable energy production;
Failure to comply with environmental

legislation that would facilitate the large scale
collection of wood waste.
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
The rising price (especially in the next five years)

of natural gas will determine consumers to choose
biomass.
Increased purchasing power of household energy
consumers will increase the demand for energy
production systems from renewable energy sources
- primarily biomass;
Big cities could have thermal energy systems on
biomass in several districts/groups of blocks;
Development of economic environment will lead
to increased demand for biomass thermal energy
required for industrial processes;
Establishment of energy crops on land unused or
unusable for ordinary crops.
Economic
activity/
cooperation,
Tradition in wood processing - the existence of a

large number of SMEs that could be targeted for
energy recovery from biomass;
Increased operating capacity of innovative

clusters in the use of RES/biomass;
Associations between local authorities to

promote large-scale projects to facilitate access to
funding schemes;
Development
of
cooperation
between
companies/organizations from Romania and
European organizations with experience in projects
using biomass for the transfer of skills and knowhow;
30
Increasing use of wood residues for

industrial applications other than energy;
If the price of electricity and natural gas in

Romania is not aligned with the European
price on a medium term, investment in
biomass projects will not be possible;
The export of raw materials or processed

biomass is higher than the domestic use (e.g.
pellets market is export-oriented);
Further decrease in the number of central

heat distribution systems in cities;
Economic
activity/
cooperation,
On-going economic crisis which limits the

activities of SMEs in the production/use of
biomass;
Wood processing by a small group of large

companies will force the small companies
working in the field to disappear from the
market;
Insufficient development of support

structures for SMEs and business cooperation
networks;
No funding available for research and

technology transfer activities in the field of
biomass applications
Promotion of public - private partnerships to

implement pilot projects using biomass;
The emergence of innovative companies

developing cutting-edge technologies using biomass
Increased domestic and foreign investors'

interest to invest in the production and use of
biomass - biofuels;
The future European funding scheme will
contain funds dedicated to setting up projects to
use RES;
The new cohesion funding schemes can target
the results of SEAPs drawn up by the CoM
signatories in the Centre Region
Funding of projects using biomass and energy
efficiency through energy performance contracts
implemented by ESCO companies
National Programmes to encourage the use of
European funds to support the establishment of
energy crops.
Central authorities have not allocated

funding necessary to programmes promoting
the use of biomass
Limited access to the latest state-of-the

art technologies using biomass due to the high
value of investments;
Funding for RES projects focussed on large

wind and photovoltaic investments that could
reduce the funds available for small/medium
projects of biomass recovery.
European policies and strategies related to

promoting the use of RES to establish mandatory
national targets for the Member States;
Reformulating targets from the Romanian

Energy Strategy that emphasized the use of local
sustainable energy resources and especially
biomass;
The emergence of national programmes

dedicated to supporting the transition to individual
or collective heating systems using biomass;
Increasing number of Sustainable Energy Action

Plans drawn up by municipalities that will join the
Covenant of Mayors (CoM) in the future.
31
Inconsistent and ever changing national

legislation on the promotion of RES;
Failure to comply with environmental

legislation that does not facilitate the
collection of large scale wood waste;
Lack of consistent policies and

government strategies to promote the use of
local resources for energy production.
Inadequate legislative regulations for

public-private
partnerships;
such
a
partnership could be a promoter of alternative
energy projects;
CHAPTER 2
G. Principles and strategic action areas for the promotion/development of biomass
Based on the SWOT analysis and on the feedback of major stakeholders in the field of biomass
obtained through questionnaires, we have identified several strategic action areas which can lead to a
sustainable development in the use of biomass in the Centre Region.
The strategic action areas identified for the promotion/development of biomass use are:
1. Incentives for the development of a demand and supply of biomass for energy :
2. Development of economic activity and cooperation in the use of biomass and support access to
technologies by developing technology transfer ;
3. Increase access to funding for projects using biomass ;
4. Support of research , education and vocational training in the field;
5. Improving policies and legislation in the field of biomass.
Each of these strategic areas has been analysed by the current regional and national policies,
strategies developed in the RES; we have also taken into account the available biomass potential and
evaluation of potential beneficiaries of the energy produced by harnessing biomass
For each strategic area we have set up action subareas and within these subareas, we have
identified priority actions that lead to significant growth of biomass energy use in the years to come.
All actions proposed for each of these subareas will have to follow a set of principles/goals that
lead to energy sustainability; these are:
Increase the energy efficiency of equipment producing and using energy from biomass;
Sustainable management of biomass resources and of the use of biomass energy;
The use of local biomass resources through projects that ensure economic profitability and lead to
local social benefits (job creation);
Increased innovative level of biomass applications;
32
H. Proposed action plan for each strategic area

Strategic Area 1. Incentives for the development of a demand and supply of biomass for energy
In the Centre Region, the high biomass potential of various types (starting from woody biomass resulting from the harvesting of forests, biomass
resulting from conventional crops but also the possible biomass obtained through energy crops that can be set up on available land) should be used on a
larger scale in order to produce energy. This requires combined actions to limit the use of wood biomass for industrial purposes other than energy
(areas with adverse environmental impacts and even energy-intensive), actions to set up waste collection systems from crops or biomass from
sustainable harvesting of forests. Also, incentives are needed for the setup of energy crops on degraded agricultural land not used for conventional
crops.
On the other hand, the demand for biomass for energy applications should be supported by support for user groups who currently use biomass or plant
used in very low energy efficiency :
- Domestic consumers and public institutions in areas without access to natural gas networks ;
- Industrial users who demand much thermal energy and need to reduce emissions due to the consumption of energy;
- Local authorities, many signatories of the Covenant of Mayors (CoM), which by their action plans have provided measures of energy use of RES and
especially biomass.
Existing energy agencies in the region can extend the role of information/advice to local authorities and the private sector on identifying and launching
projects using local biomass resources. Also, awareness raising/information campaigns can also be promoted on the benefits of "green" energy use.
The price of natural gas, which is expected to increase rapidly in the coming years, as the main solution for building heating will determine a large group
of consumers to use biomass.
Action subareas in this field are:
Subarea 1.1. Evaluation of the different types of biomass potential in the Centre Region
Promoters
Involved organisations
Actions
1.1.a.
A study/analysis for the evaluation of biomass potential in the

Centre Region, from:
- forest harvesting;
- primary and secondary wood processing;
- conventional agricultural crops.
33
- Regional Developement Agency

of the Centre Region (RDA Centre)
- County councils,
- County forest authorities,
- Environmental protection
agencies,
- County authorities for
Implementation
period
2014-2015
Funding
sources
Sustainable
development
fund to be set
up in the
Centre Region
agriculture,
- Energy agencies,
-Technical universities.
Opportunity study on the set up of energy cultures on degraded
and unused land in the Centre Region;
1.1.b.
1.2.a.
Approached topics:
- RDA Centre,
- Identifying degraded and unused agricultural land;
- County councils,
- Identifying types of energy crops suitable for available
- County authorities for
categories of land;
agriculture,
- Evaluation of costs for setting up and work, per type of energy
- Agricultural
crops;
Universities/Faculties
- Evaluating the economic profitability of the establishment of
- Renewable energy clusters
different types of energy crops;
- Identification of possible funding for the establishment of
energy crops
Subarea 1.2.Information and counselling of different categories of biomass users
Promoters
Actions
The setup of an information and counselling centre/platform for
renewable energy:
Types of information available:
- Potential of renewable energy per types and areas (results of
studies as in 1.a and 1.b);
- Technologies of use for different types of RES and potential
- RDA Centre
suppliers;
- County Councils
- Funding available for projects using RES and national schemes to
-Energy agencies,
promote renewable energy: green certificates scheme, European
- Renewable energy clusters,
funds, national programmes, regional funds, energy performance
- Technical universities
contracts.
Target groups:
- Local authorities, CoM signatories, or developing projects using
RES/biomass;
- SMEs interested in SRE / biomass capitalisation;
Industrial Companies intending to use heat/energy from SRE/
biomass;
34
2014-2015
Implementation
period
2014-2015
Sustainable
development
fund to be set
up in the
Centre Region
Funding
sources
Sustainable
development
fund to be set
up in the
Centre Region
- The general public

1.2.b.
Information campaigns/public awareness campaigns on the

benefits of using biomass heating systems:
- RDA Centre
- Energy agencies
- Clusters in the field
Annual
Public
funding
Subarea 1.3.Incentives for capitalisation of biomass resources for energy use by local communities
Promoters
Implementation
period
- Compossessorates
Promote the right to pre-emption on purchasing biomass from
- Forest Division
2014-2016
suppliers for energy biomass users, with local capitalisation.
- Local authorities
- Agricultural Associations
Subarea 1.4. Promote the centralised harvesting of biomass in areas with a high biomass potential for energy purposes
Promoters
Implementation
Actions
period
The setup of logistics harvesting centres for different types of
biomass in areas with a high potential
- County Councils
Aim: By setting up logistics centres of collection and recovery of
- Local councils
biomass in the high potential areas (to avoid long distance
- Forest divisions
2015-2017
transport) the biomass offer of traditional biomass producers will
- Compossessorates
increase (forest districts, co-owners, agricultural associations) and
- Agricultural Associations
potential users of biomass for energy purposes will have better
access to these resources.
Actions
1.3.a.
1.4.a.
Funding
sources
Funding
sources
EU and private
funding
Strategic Area 2. Increasing economic activity and cooperation in the use of biomass and supporting access to technologies by
developing technology transfer
The economic field of wood processing that has a significant share in the region's economy, must be extended to the area of applications of energetic
use of wood waste, a large number of existing SMEs in the field should be supported to expand their activities to collection and use of biomass energy .
Associative structures already created, especially innovative clusters in the field, should be supported to develop their capacity to implement
innovative solutions of biomass energy use.
To promote large projects for the energy use of biomass, there must be incentives for the creation of associative structures between local authorities
to facilitate access to major EU funding.
By promoting public - private partnerships, the implementation of pilot projects using biomass can be sustained, which could bring private capital and
management in contact with the growing demand for public authorities access to an efficient and clean energy.
It is necessary to create technology transfer platforms in the energy use of biomass that must involve both public authorities and research institutions
35
especially business through triple-helix actions. In these platforms, innovative approaches of some applications using biomass launched by dynamic
companies in partnership with research institutions will receive support from public authorities, becoming examples of pilot projects.
Subarea 2.1. Develop cooperation structures in the field of biomass energy use
Promoters
Implementation
Funding
Actions
period
sources
European cooperation project for the creation of an Energy
Farm" centre in the use of biomass for energy
-ALEA
Norwegian
2.1.a.
Destination: demonstration centre including innovative solutions
-County Council Alba
grants
2014-2016
for the use of biomass. The same centre will be an information
-Cluster Green Energy
available for
centre, event, and training.
- Energy Farm - Norway
Romania
European Contributor: "Energy Farm" Association - Norway;
Setting up associations between municipalities - CoM signatories
to promote joint projects and European funds for heating of
EU funds e.g.:
public buildings (schools, hospitals) using biomass.
- Association of municipalities
2.1.b.
Horizon 20-20.
Purpose: The transition from conventional heating systems of
signatories of CoM
2015-2017
Cohesion
public buildings, to heating systems using biomass-important step - RDA Centre.
funds
to transform these buildings into buildings using almost no
energy".
Promote a public-private partnership to develop a pilot project
- Municipalities that still have
aiming to pass from a central heating system using gas to heat
heat distribution systems e.g.:
production solutions and co-generation systems using biomass.
Brasov, Tirgu Mures, Sfantu
Private and
2.1.c.
Purpose: To change an energy intensive and CO2 generating
Gheorghe, and Miercurea Ciuc.
2016 2018
public funding
system into a system with low emissions and high efficiency
- Providers / private companies
through the use of modern technologies with high efficiency (high with extensive experience in the
efficiency co-generation) using biomass.
field
Subarea 2.2. Promote the extension of economic activity in the field of biomass
Actions
2.2.a.
2.2.b.
Supporting SMEs working in wood harvesting and processing to

include more activities to collect and/or use local biomass for
energy purposes
Development of economic activities/establishment of SMEs in
collecting wood waste and turning them into pellets / briquettes
for local supply of personal heating systems
36
Promoters
- County councils
- Local councils
- County chambers of commerce
and industry.
Local authorities in areas with
high forest potential and which
Implementation
period
Funding
sources
2015 2020
2015 2020
EU funding
such as the
cohesion
Purpose: recovering energy from waste wood currently unused

(which creates problems of environmental pollution), from the
initial processing systems of forest, the waste will be converted
into pellets / briquettes (biomass with high energy capacity) that
will be used locally for heating/hot water production in areas
without natural gas network.
The triple impact of such actions is emphasized: eliminate
problems of environmental pollution, energy production from local
renewable sources and generating new jobs in areas with high
unemployment rates.
have no natural gas distribution

systems; SMEs will be created
which will generate jobs locally.
- It is important that these local
authorities are supported by the
county councils to which they
belong and by RDA Centre.
fund.
Subarea 2.3. Promote the development of technology transfer and access to efficient biomass technologies
Promoters
Actions
2.3.a.
Set up of a technology transfer platform to implement SRE

projects especially biomass.
Purpose: to create technological platforms in which dynamic
companies can benefit from the assistance of research institutions
to implement innovative solutions of using renewable sources and
especially biomass; support provided by public authorities is also
important here County councils, Local Councils, RDA.
- County councils,
- Local councils
- Universities
- RDA Centre
Implementation
period
2015 - 2018
Funding
sources
EU funding,
investment
funds, private
funding.
Strategic Area 3. Boost access to funding for biomass projects;

The main obstacle to widely spread applications using biomass remains the access to proper funding. There are extremely few possibilities of local
authorities or of companies and households to finance biomass projects from their own sources. Without implementation of national programmes such
as "the Green House" and without the financial support of EU schemes for the biomass sector, it is not possible to have a rapid expansion of biomass for
energy use. The only projects that are currently available for funding are Norwegian biomass recovery projects.
For the future EU funding period 2014-2020, there are special axes for RES and biomass applications. In these cases, funding priorities should be
established from the sets of joint actions identified in the action plans of local authorities signatories of CoM and action plans in the field of RES existing
at county/regional level.
Mobilizing private capital in projects using biomass for energy through public -private partnerships is particularly important for obtaining necessary
funding. The funding of projects using biomass and energy efficiency through energy performance contracts and implemented by ESCO companies
should be promoted. Incentives to sign EPCs-energy performance contracts -between beneficiaries (primarily public authorities -PA) and ESCO
companies (integrated energy service companies) can put to work private capital, know-how and technological ability of these companies to cover
energy needs of these PAs using biomass.
Regional/local authorities can have the initiative of creating development funds in the use of renewable energy/biomass, which could help implement
flagship pilot projects, demonstrating their benefits and being examples for other actors/beneficiaries.
37
3.1.a.
Subarea 3.1. Create funding tools at regional level to finance/co-finance biomass energy use projects
Promoters
Implementation
Actions
period
Create a regional investment fund for sustainable development
- Local and county public
Purpose: finance/co-finance projects of public interest aimed at the
authorities
use of local renewable energy sources biomass; thus, the aim is to
2015-2016
- Investment funds
find an alternative to electrical power supply from conventional,
- Banks
polluting sources and thus reducing the environmental impact.
Funding
sources
Public
funding,
investment
funds, banks
Subarea3.2. Support the access to private funding of biomass for energy projects
Promoters
Actions
3.2.a.
3.3.a.
Implementation
period
Launching pilot projects using "energy performance contract - EPC"

for the implementation in public buildings of efficient solutions
using biomass for heating.
- Local public authorities
Purpose: energetic modernisation of important public buildings
2015 2020
- ESCO Companies
(hospital, educational institutions) by projects using energy biomass
financed through the use of "energy performance contract - EPC"
signed with an ESCO company.
Subarea 3.3. Support of access to EU funding for projects using energy biomass launched by private or public actors
Promoters
Implementation
Actions
period
Advising on EU funding schemes (e.g. Cohesion Fund) to finance
projects for the local renewable energy sources - biomass
Purpose: Funding of projects capitalising on the local biomass
- RDA Centre
resources using European cohesion funds
2014-2020
- Local energy agencies
Funding
sources
Private
funding
provided by
ESCO
companies
Funding
sources
Strategic Area 4. Support research, education and vocational training in the field
Biomass use applications need technologies with an increased energy efficiency, which implies constant research and development. Stimulation of the
innovative effort in the development of such technologies must be complemented by an intense activity of technology transfer into practical
applications in terms of economic profitability. In this direction, a decisive role is that of innovative clusters that must be supported by dedicated
programmes.
38
The example of an innovative platform dedicated to sustainable energy, conducted by Transilvania University of Brasov, should be taken over by other
educational/research institutions in the Centre Region to set up biomass-dedicated centres; there must also be training programmes for specialists in
biomass: starting from training of designers of biomass energy use systems, continuing with the engineering of implementation and operation of such
systems and ending with the training of highly skilled plumbers in this area.
Soon, the specific field of RES/biomass should be included in the national classification of occupations, which would allow the development of certified
training paths.
Certification is required for specialists in the use of biomass (from designers to installers and maintenance workers) according to standards at
European level to ensure implementation according to the technical specifications of the art technologies in the field of biomass. Extremely useful are
jointly developed projects with European partners with a tradition in biomass using systems, projects which provide an intensive exchange of
experience, transfer of know -how and creation of high level skills.
An important aspect that should be considered is that of informing and preparing future users of biomass systems: from public authorities to the
general public, events and information / awareness raising campaigns must be organized by energy agencies.
Subarea 4.1. Support for education and training in biomass
Promoters
Actions
4.1.a.
4.1.b.
- Lobby for new occupations to be introduced in the COR (Code of

Occupations in Romania) - for the equipment using biomass:
e.g.:
- Designer of systems using biomass for energy purposes;
- Engineer for implementation and operation of biomass systems;
- Plumber for the heating/hot water systems using biomass.
New vocational programmes available to experts in biomass use
systems within the context of higher education institutions or
vocational high schools:
- Designer of systems using biomass for energy purposes;
- Engineer for implementation and operation of biomass systems;
- Plumber for the heating/hot water systems using biomass.
Implementation
period
- Higher education institutions

- Innovative clusters in the field
of biomass
- Energy agencies
2014-2016
- Technical universities
- Vocational high schools
2015-2020
Funding
sources
Subarea4.2. Support for the development of national research in the field of using energy from renewable sources/biomass
Actions
4.2.a.
Developing innovative platforms dedicated to sustainable energy

39
Promoters
- Technical Universities in the
Implementation
period
2015-2020
Funding
sources
-EU funding,
4.3.a.
Objective: the creation of institutions dedicated to innovative effort Centre Region.

- Public
required by applications dedicated to sustainable energy; these
funding
platforms are optimum for the creation of networks of specialists in
biomass training: starting from the training of designers of systems
using biomass for energy purposes, continuing with engineers for
implementation and operation of biomass systems and ending with
plumbers for the heating/hot water systems using biomass.
Subarea 4.3. Support the development of partnerships with European technology transfer organizations/institutions in the field of
renewable energy/biomass
Promoters
Implementation
Funding
Actions
period
sources
Promote partnerships at European level to develop projects within
the Horizon 2020 programme targeting innovative solutions for
- Energy agencies
EU
the energy use of biomass
- Innovative companies
2014 - 2020
programme
Purpose: European partnerships in the implementation of biomass
- Clusters in the field of biomass.
Horizon 20-20
projects will lead to a valuable exchange of experience, transfer of
know-how and skills at the highest level.
Strategic Area 5. Improve policies and legislation in the field of biomass

It is compulsory to increase coherence in national energy policies and their correlation with the regional and local policies. Currently, the national
energy strategy and the national action plans for energy efficiency and renewable energy do not take into account the action plans and strategies in
the energy field already developed at local, county or regional level.
A few priority actions are:
- Setting priorities of Romania's energy strategy about local resources and renewable energy primarily biomass ;
- The provision in the NAPRE of clear targets for the recovery of local biomass potential by establishing indicators for each development region;
- It is necessary to re-start the national programme Green House " whose priority was to produce heat from biomass ;
- A certification system for various types of biomass is a must in order to fully utilize green certificate support system for the production of electricity
from biomass; in the case of wood biomass, this certification is directly linked to sustainable forest management and its own system of certification.
- Promoting investment support programmes in the exploitation of biomass at regional level;
- The emergence of national programmes dedicated to supporting the transition to individual or collective heating systems using biomass;
- Simplification of legislation on public-private partnership will enable this indispensable tool for the development of investment projects in energy
production systems using biomass to be applied.
Subarea 5.1. Improve policies to promote biomass at a regional and national level
40
Promoters
Actions
5.1.a.
5.1.b.
5.1.c.
5.1.d.
Promoting regional funding programs for converting individual

heating systems and stoves into high efficiency power systems using
biomass
Purpose: To support low-income households in mountain areas
without natural gas networks in transition from traditional stoves
using firewood to central heating using locally produced biomass.
Initiative to include in Romania's energy strategy some priorities

related to the development of local RES resources - especially
biomass - through sustainable projects implemented at
local/regional level
Purpose: through this strategic priority, national programmes will be
initiated to support the sustainable exploitation of biomass at a high
level - as a renewable source with the highest potential for recovery
nationwide.
Initiative to include in the targets of the National Action Plan for
Renewable Energy-(NAPRE) -targets related to the development of
sustainable local biomass potential by establishing regional
indicators of recovery
Goal: Including regional quantitative indicators in NAPRE for
harnessing local biomass potential would set some clear targets in
time, which can be monitored by sets of actions set out at local,
regional and national level.
Initiative to re-launch the national programmes supporting the
passage of heating systems in buildings to those using RES (mainly
biomass).
Purpose: Reviving national programmes "Green House" or "National
programme to increase energy efficiency and renewable energy in the
public sector", or similar, will stimulate public interest decisively but
also local authorities for use of "green " energy as a viable alternative
41
- RDA Centre
- County councils
- RDA Centre
- County councils
- Municipalities signatory of
CoM
- Energy clusters
- Energy agencies.
The list of signatories can be
extended at a national level
through associations such as
AMR, OER, Mayors Club, etc.
- RDA Centre
- County councils
CoM
- Energy clusters
- Energy agencies.
- RDA Centre
- County councils
CoM
- Energy clusters
- Energy agencies.
Implementation
period
2015 2018
2014-2015
2014-2015
2014-2015
Funding
sources
Public
funding,
investment
funds.
5.2.a.
to classical energy; also, it will be a significant boost to the

development of markets for works/ RES equipment at local/regional
level.
Subarea 5.2.Improve legislation in the field of renewable energy/biomass
Promoters
Actions
- RDA Centre
Legislative proposal to implement a system of certification of origin
- County councils
of various types of biomass.
- Municipalities signatory of CoM
Purpose: Implementation of origin certification biomass types (wood,
- Energy clusters
crop residues, etc.) allows the use of green certificate support system
- Energy agencies.
for the production of electricity from biomass; in the case of wood
The list of signatories can be extended at a
biomass, this certification is directly linked to sustainable forest
national level through associations such as
management system of certification
Implementation
period
2014-2015
5.2.b.
Legislative initiative to declare energy recovery from local biomass

resources through sustainable and energy efficient energy projects as
area of public interest.
Purpose: by declaring energy recovery of local biomass resources as
area of general interest will make available special funding for this
sector and public-private partnerships can be promoted for the
development of sustainable energy and energy efficient projects, of
high interest locally.
- RDA Centre
- County councils
- Municipalities signatory of CoM
- Energy clusters
- Energy agencies.
The list of signatories can be extended at a
national level through associations such as
2014-2015
5.2.c.
Legislative initiative for national programmes to support innovative

business clusters
Purpose: Support for the establishment and performance of cluster
activity will stimulate and multiply efforts to implement innovative
solutions including RES/biomass thus facilitating the passage of
inventions/innovations to industrial application.
- RDA Centre
- Innovative clusters
- Research/education institutions.
2014-2015
42
I.
Implementation, evaluation and correction of the action plan

The Biomass Action Plan BAP- must be presented to stakeholders at regional/local level for analysis,
addition/rectification. Only after that will the BAP be approved in a Regional Council meeting.
To make the task of implementing and monitoring the implementation of BAP in good conditions, it is
important that the regional authority that approves BAP in the Centre Region should nominate a "group
of analysis and monitoring" in the Centre Region, which could include representatives from:
- County Councils;
- Municipalities, CoM signatories;
- RDA Centre;
- Innovative energy clusters
- Agencies of energy;
- Universities /research institutions;
Every two years, a report evaluating the implementation BAP together with proposals for
rectification/correction will be made.
Period of implementation of the Action Plan: 2014 - 2020
Possible indicators for monitoring BAP implementation in the Centre Region:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
A study on evaluating the potential of biomass (various types) in the Centre Region - existing;
New energy crops in the Centre Region - more than 6,000 ha;
An information and counselling centre for sustainable energy with branches in each county
already set up;
Logistic centres for the collection of various types of biomass in areas with high potential -2
in each county;
A public-private partnership to develop a pilot project to use biomass to power a central
heating system , already set up;
SMEs established with the object of activity to collect and exploit biomass energy locally - 3
in each county;
A technology transfer platform for the use of biomass energy solutions set up;
A regional investment fund for sustainable development projects - established;
A pilot project for the implementation in public buildings of efficient power solutions from
biomass , using "energy performance contract - EPC" - implemented;
Basic occupational profiles targeting biomass energy applications, introduced in the
Romanian Code of Occupations;
Developing professional pathways for specialists in biomass energy applications in
universities/colleges set up in two universities and three secondary vocational schools;
An innovative platform dedicated to renewable energy / biomass already set up ;
Projects with European partners to implement innovative solutions using biomass developed
in the programme "Horizon 2020" , minimum 3 implemented;
A Regional Funding Programme for the conversion of separate heating systems based on
stoves into high efficiency power systems using biomass already set up;
A national system of certification of origin for biomass implemented in Romania ;
A number of projects using biomass energy in important public buildings - minimum 6 in each
county ;
Renewable (biomass) energy annually produced in 2020 in the Centre Region -400 GWh ;
An amount of CO2 emissions avoided by certified biomass energy production - 120,000
tonnes.
43
J.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
List of references
Green Paper - A European strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy [COM(2006) 105
final]
Energy 2020 A strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy [COM (2010) 639]R
EU Directive for renewable energy (2009/28/EC)T
Biomass Action Plan [COM (2005) 628 final]
Renewable Energy Road Map .Renewable energies in the 21st century: Building a more sustainable
future [COM(2006) 848 final
Energy Roadmap 2050 (15 December 2011)
7.
Romanias Energy Strategy for 2007-2020
8.
The National Action Plan for renewable energy NAPRE
9.
The National Action Plan for energy efficiency for the period 2007-2010
10.
Law 220/2008, to promote energy production from renewable sources
11.
Study on the evaluation of the current energy potential of renewable energy sources in Romania
drawn up by ICEMENERG Bucharest in 2006
12.
Strategy to promote renewable energy in the Centre Region: www.adrcentru.ro
13.
Energy Master plan of Alba county: www.alea.ro
14.
Official ANRE website: www.anre.ro
15.
Website of the Environment Fund Administration: www.afm.ro
16.
Website of the EC General Directorate for Energy: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/index_en.htm
44

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2014

The Centre Region Development Agency

THE BIOENERGY/BIOMASS ACTION PLAN (BAP) FOR THE CENTRE REGION

D. Status of promotion and use of bioenergy / biomass at national level........................................11

European Context: At European level, the Strategy 20 X 20 X 20 substantiates Europe's strategic

National Context is characterized by:

Context of Centre Region

The methodology used to draw up BAP

Identify regional actors relevant in the field of biomass energy recovery:

1. To define a set of priorities and actions;

entities that must be involved in drawing up the BAP;

iii. The main obstacles in the development of biomass use;

Responsibilities in implementing the plan;

Status of promoting bioenergy / biomass in Europe

Diversification of the energy mix by promoting ecological diversification of energy supply.

Sustainable development - a better energy strategy to balance environmental objectives with

The need for a common European energy policy.

energy policies must become more consumer friendly;

continuous improvement of safety and energy security;

Extending Europe's leadership in energy technology innovation

Strengthening the external dimension of the EU energy market.

GDP Energy demand Energy intensity

Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC);

Biomass Action Plan [COM (2005) 628 final]

Roadmap and targets

Energy Roadmap 2050 (15 December 2011)

-80 -95% GHG

The use of biomass in Europe: comparative analysis and graphics:

D. Status of promotion and use of bioenergy / biomass at national level

The annual energy

Solar energy, of which:

B. Target of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption

C. Projected total adjusted energy consumption for 2020

D. Projected amount of energy from renewable sources

1. Energy strategy, action plans, roadmap;

Energy Strategy of Romania during 2007-2020

National Renewable Energy Action Plan - NREAP

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan - NEEAP -(for 2007-2010)

up to 8,000 lei for the installation of heat pumps;

Biomass Type \ potential

Vegetable biomass (forest + GT / year

Potential of biomass energy in Romania

4. The situation of current capitalisation of RES/biomass in Romania

Harnessing of wood biomass at the establishments of Holzindustrie company for producing

Status of promotion and use of bioenergy / biomass in Centre Region

Strategy to promote renewable energy in the Centre Region

Training, retraining, training the workforce in the field of renewable energy.

achieving efficient energy management at all levels of activities;

Assessment of biomass energy potential in the Centre Region

2.1. Forest Fund of Centre Region

Source: Romanian National Institute of Statistics

The forest fund area in Centru Region during 2007-2012

Afforestation and forest regeneration in the Centre Region

Wood harvesting in the Centre Region

Data Source: the National Institute of Statistics

Wood harvested by companies in the Centru Region in 2012, according to t

Wood mass sold by forest units

Local administration property

Data Source: the National Institute of Statistics

Data Source: the National Institute of Statistics

The biomass energy potential of the Centre Region

Direct combustion in furnaces;

Furnace, gas engine