1. C.

WALL-002
Cantilever concrete wall
(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, EC0 EN1990-1-1:2002, EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, EC8 EN1998-5:2004, )

1.1. Wall properties-Parameters-Code requirements

Dimensions
Height of wall
Transverse length of wall
Steam thickness at top
Steam thickness at bottom
Width of wall base
Width of wall toe
Width of wall heel
Height of wall steam
Thickness of wall footing
Front thickness of wall toe
Back thickness of wall heel
Slope (batter) at frontface
Slope (batter) at backface

h= 9.400 m
L=10.000 m
B1= 0.400 m
B2= 1.200 m
B= 6.500 m
0.800 m
4.500 m
8.200 m
1.200 m
1.200 m
1.200 m
0.000 (0:1)
5.572 (1:10.3)

X
s

Pa

Y0

Pp
Y

X0

Weight of wall
Cross section area of wall
Self weight per meter of wall
Center of gravity of wall at

A=14.360 m
W= 14.360x25.000= 359.00 kN/m
x=-1.129 m, y=6.965 m (xo=2.329 m, yo=2.435 m)

Wall materials
Steam

:
:
Footing :
:

Concrete-Steel class: C25/30-B500C

Concrete cover: Cnom=25 mm
Concrete-Steel class: C25/30-B500C
Concrete cover: Cnom=75 mm

BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

(EN1992-1-1, 3)
(EN1992-1-1, 4.4.1)

Weight of backfill
Weight of backfill per meter Ws=803.60 kN/m
Center of gravity of backfill x=-2.830 m, y=4.100 m
1.2. Partial factors for actions and soil properties

(EC7 Tables A.1-A.4, EC8-5 3.1)

Equilibrium limit state (EQU), Structural limit state (STR), Geotechnical limit state (GEO)
(EQU) (STR) (GEO)
(SEISMIC)

1.3. Properties of foundation soil

Bearing capacity of foundation soil

qu=0.50 N/mm

Cohesion between wall footing and soil

c=0.000 N/mm

1.4. Seismic coefficients

(EC8 EN1998-5:2004, 7.3.2)

(EC8-5 7.3.2)
(EC8 3.2.2.2)
(EC8 3.2.1, T.4.3)
Reduction factor for seismic coefficient r=1.50
(EC8-5 Table 7.1)
Coefficient for horizontal seismic force kh=1.00x0.27x1.00/1.500=0.180
(EC8-5 Eq.7.1)
Coefficient for vertical seismic force
kv=0.50x0.180=0.090
(EC8-5 Eq.7.2)
Design ground acceleration ratio
Soil factor

gh=axg, a=0.27
S=1.00

Forces due to seismic load (except from earth pressure)

Horizontal
Vertical
Horizontal
Vertical

seismic
seismic
seismic
seismic

force
force
force
force

due to self weight Fwx=359.00x0.180= 64.62 kN/m

due to self weight Fwy=359.00x0.090= 32.31 kN/m
of backfill
Fwsx=803.60x0.180=144.65 kN/m
of backfill
Fwsy=803.60x0.090= 72.32 kN/m

1.5. Computation of active earth pressure (Rankine theory)

q

1.5.1. Wall part from y=0.000 m to y=9.400 m, Hs=9.400 m

Top
point A x=-5.300 m y= 0.000 m
Bottom point B x=-5.300 m y= 9.400 m

PA

Soil properties
Soil type : Thin

qA

gravel

Hs

qB

B
Cohesion of ground

c=0.000 N/mm

Earth pressure according to Coulomb theory

EQU

STR

GEO

Coefficient of active earth pressure Ka= 0.361 0.271 0.361

BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

KA =

Permanent actions
EQU
STR
GEO
qA= 0.00
0.00
0.00 kN/m
qB= 67.87 50.95 67.87 kN/m
Pa=318.99 239.46 318.99 kN/m

Earth pressure at the top (y=yA)

Earth pressure at the bottom (y=yA+ 9.40m)
Earth force Pa=(qA+qB)H

Earth force in x direction

Pax=318.99 239.46 318.99 kN/m
Earth force in y direction
Pay= 0.00
0.00
0.00 kN/m
Moment of earth force at top point (x=0,y=0) M =-1999.11-1500.70-1999.11 kNm/m
Point of application of earth force x= -5.300 m, y= 6.267 m
Total forces and moments
Forces and moments at bottom point B (x=-5.300 m, y=9.400 m)
Permanent actions
EQU
STR
GEO
Total horizontal earth force Fsx=318.99 239.46 318.99 kN/m
Total vertical earth force
Fsy= 0.00
0.00
0.00 kN/m
Total moment of earth force Ms =999.40 750.23 999.40 kNm/m
Seismic loading

(EC8 EN1998-1-1:2004, 7.3.2, Annex E)

Horizontal seismic coefficient kh=1.00x0.27x1.00/1.500=0.180

Vertical seismic coefficient
kv=0.50x0.180=0.090
Soil above the water table

Method Mononobe-Okabe
(EC8 Annex E.4)
for active earth force during seismic loading
Coefficient of active earth pressure, Ke*= 0.475
Additional earth pressure due to seismic load

(EC8 Eq.7.1, T.7.1)

(EC8 Eq.7.2)
(EC8 Annex E.5)

KE=

Earth force due to seismic load (Permanent actions) Fx=1.753x239.46=419.77 kN/m

1.6. Computation of passive earth pressure (Rankine theory)
1.6.1. Wall part from y=8.000 m to y=9.400 m, Hs=1.400 m
Top
point A x= 1.200 m y= 8.000 m
Bottom point B x= 1.200 m y= 9.400 m

qA

Soil properties
Soil type : Dense sand

Hs

PP
Cohesion of ground

c=0.000 N/mm

qB

B
y

Earth pressure according to Coulomb theory

EQU

STR

GEO

Coefficient of passive earth pressure Kp= 2.770 3.690 2.770

BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

Kp =

Permanent actions
EQU
STR
GEO
qA= 0.00
0.00
0.00 kN/m
qB=-65.93 -87.82 -65.93 kN/m
Pp= 46.15 61.47 46.15 kN/m

Earth pressure at the top (y=yA)

Earth pressure at the bottom (y=yA+ 1.40m)
Earth force Pa=(qA+qB)H

Earth force in x direction

Ppx=-46.15 -61.47 -46.15 kN/m
Earth force in y direction
Ppy= 0.00
0.00
0.00 kN/m
Moment of earth force at top point (x=0,y=0) M =412.26 549.11 412.26 kNm/m
Point of application of earth force x= 1.200 m, y= 8.933 m
Total forces and moments
Forces and moments at bottom point B (x=1.200 m, y=9.400 m)
Permanent actions
EQU
STR
GEO
Total horizontal earth force Fsx=-46.15 -61.47 -46.15 kN/m
Total vertical earth force
Fsy= 0.00
0.00
0.00 kN/m
Total moment of earth force Ms =-21.55 -28.71 -21.55 kNm/m
1.7. Checks of wall stability (EQU)
1.7.1. Forces (driving and resisting) on the wall (EQU)
H
e

Action
Active earth pressure
Passive earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight

y1 Pa
Pp
W
Ws

y2

0.00- 9.40
8.00- 9.40

1.7.2. Check of soil bearing capacity

Fx
[kN/m]
318.99
-46.15
0.00
0.00

Fy
x
[kN/m] [m]
0.00 -5.300
0.00 1.200
359.00 -1.129
803.60 -2.830

(EQU)

y
[m]
6.267
8.933
6.965
4.100

N
e

Pa
h

Y0

Pp

X0

(EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, 6.5.2)

Check for 0.90x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+0.00x(top vertical live load)
y0

Active earth pressure

Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.10
W x0.90
Wsx0.90

0.00- 9.40

[kN/m] [kN/m] [m]

[m]
[kNm/m]
350.89
0.00 6.500 3.133 1099.34
0.00 323.10 2.329 2.435 -752.50
0.00 723.24 4.030 5.300 -2914.66
Sum= 1046.34
-2567.82

Sum of vertical forces

= 1046.34 kN/m
Sum of moments at front toe
=-2567.82 kNm/m
Sum of moments at middle of base = 832.79 kNm/m
Eccentricity ec=832.79/1046.34=0.796m, ec<=6.500/6=1.083m
Soil pressure q1=0.279 N/mm q2=0.043 N/mm
Effective footing L=6.500-2x0.796= 4.908 m
Bearing resistance check Vd=1046.34 < Rd=1752.86 kN/m,

Check is verified

q
(EC7 Annex D)
(EC7 Eq.2.2, Eq.6.1)

Check for 1.10x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+1.50x(top vertical live load)

Active earth pressure

Wall weight
Backfill weight

BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

Pax1.10
W x1.10
Wsx1.10

0.00- 9.40

x0

[kN/m] [kN/m] [m]

[m]
[kNm/m]
350.89
0.00 6.500 3.133 1099.34
0.00 394.90 2.329 2.435 -919.72
0.00 883.96 4.030 5.300 -3562.36
Sum= 1278.86
-3382.74

Sum of vertical forces

= 1278.86 kN/m
Sum of moments at front toe
=-3382.74 kNm/m
Sum of moments at middle of base = 773.55 kNm/m
Eccentricity ec=773.55/1278.86=0.605m, ec<=6.500/6=1.083m
Soil pressure q1=0.307 N/mm q2=0.087 N/mm
Effective footing L=6.500-2x0.605= 5.290 m
Bearing resistance check Vd=1278.86 < Rd=1889.29 kN/m,
1.7.3. Failure check due to overturning

q
(EC7 Annex D)

Check is verified

(EQU)

(EC7 Eq.2.2, Eq.6.1)

(EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, 9.7.4)

Overturning with respect to the toe (xo=0,yo=0) (x=1.200,y=9.400 m)

Active earth pressure

Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.10
W x0.90
Wsx0.90

[kN/m] [kN/m] [m]

[m] [kNm/m] [kNm/m] y0
0.00- 9.40 350.89
0.00 6.500 3.133 1099.34
0.00
0.00 323.10 2.329 2.435
0.00 752.50
0.00 723.24 4.030 5.300
0.00 2914.66
Sum=
1099.34 3667.16

x0

Sum of overturning moments

= 1099.34 kNm/m
Sum of moments resisting overturning = 3667.16 kNm/m
Overturning check Med=1099.34 < Mrd=3667.16 kNm/m, Check is verified
1.7.4. Failure check against sliding (EQU)

(EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, 9.7.3, 6.5.3)

H N

Active earth pressure

Passive earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.10
Ppx0.90
W x0.90
Wsx0.90

[kN/m] [kN/m] [kN/m]

0.00- 9.40 350.89
0.00
0.00
8.00- 9.40
0.00 41.53
0.00
0.00
0.00 323.10
0.00
0.00 723.24
Sum=
350.89 41.531046.34

s
Y0

Pa

Pp

X0

Fs =c.B+W.tan( )

(resisting forces from effective cohesion are neglected)

Sum of driving forces
= 350.89 kN/m
Sum of resisting forces (41.53+837.07) = 878.60 kN/m
Sliding resistance check Hd=350.89 < Rd=878.60 kN/m, Check is verified

(EC7 6.5.3. 10)

1.8. Checks of wall stability (STR)

1.8.1. Forces (driving and resisting) on the wall (STR)
H
e

Action
Active earth pressure
Passive earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight

y1 Pa
Pp
W
Ws

y2

0.00- 9.40
8.00- 9.40

1.8.2. Check of soil bearing capacity

Fx
[kN/m]
239.46
-61.47
0.00
0.00

(STR)

Fy
x
[kN/m] [m]
0.00 -5.300
0.00 1.200
359.00 -1.129
803.60 -2.830

y
[m]
6.267
8.933
6.965
4.100

N
e

Pa
h

Y0

Pp

X0

(EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, 6.5.2)

Check for 1.00x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+0.00x(top vertical live load)
y0

Active earth pressure

Wall weight
Backfill weight

BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

Pax1.35
W x1.00
Wsx1.00

0.00- 9.40

[kN/m] [kN/m] [m]

[m]
[kNm/m]
323.27
0.00 6.500 3.133 1012.81
0.00 359.00 2.329 2.435 -836.11
0.00 803.60 4.030 5.300 -3238.51
Sum= 1162.60
-3061.81

x0

Sum of vertical forces

= 1162.60 kN/m
Sum of moments at front toe
=-3061.81 kNm/m
Sum of moments at middle of base = 716.64 kNm/m
Eccentricity ec=716.64/1162.60=0.616m, ec<=6.500/6=1.083m
Soil pressure q1=0.281 N/mm q2=0.077 N/mm
Effective footing L=6.500-2x0.616= 5.267 m
Bearing resistance check Vd=1162.60 < Rd=2633.50 kN/m,

q
(EC7 Annex D)

Check is verified

(EC7 Eq.2.2, Eq.6.1)

Check for 1.35x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+1.50x(top vertical live load)

Active earth pressure

Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.35
W x1.35
Wsx1.35

0.00- 9.40

[kN/m] [kN/m] [m]

[m]
[kNm/m]
323.27
0.00 6.500 3.133 1012.81
0.00 484.65 2.329 2.435 -1128.75
0.00 1084.86 4.030 5.300 -4371.99
Sum= 1569.51
-4487.93

Sum of vertical forces

= 1569.51 kN/m
Sum of moments at front toe
=-4487.93 kNm/m
Sum of moments at middle of base = 612.98 kNm/m
Eccentricity ec=612.98/1569.51=0.391m, ec<=6.500/6=1.083m
Soil pressure q1=0.329 N/mm q2=0.154 N/mm
Effective footing L=6.500-2x0.391= 5.719 m
Bearing resistance check Vd=1569.51 < Rd=2859.50 kN/m,
1.8.3. Failure check due to overturning

q
(EC7 Annex D)

Check is verified

(STR)

(EC7 Eq.2.2, Eq.6.1)

(EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, 9.7.4)

Overturning with respect to the toe (xo=0,yo=0) (x=1.200,y=9.400 m)

Active earth pressure

Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.35
W x1.00
Wsx1.00

[kN/m] [kN/m] [m]

[m] [kNm/m] [kNm/m] y0
0.00- 9.40 323.27
0.00 6.500 3.133 1012.81
0.00
0.00 359.00 2.329 2.435
0.00 836.11
0.00 803.60 4.030 5.300
0.00 3238.51
Sum=
1012.81 4074.62

x0

Sum of overturning moments

= 1012.81 kNm/m
Sum of moments resisting overturning = 4074.62 kNm/m
Overturning check Med=1012.81 < Mrd=4074.62 kNm/m, Check is verified
1.8.4. Failure check against sliding (STR)

(EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, 9.7.3, 6.5.3)

H N

Active earth pressure

Passive earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.35
Ppx1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00

[kN/m] [kN/m] [kN/m]

0.00- 9.40 323.27
0.00
0.00
8.00- 9.40
0.00 61.47
0.00
0.00
0.00 359.00
0.00
0.00 803.60
Sum=
323.27 61.471162.60

s
Y0

Pp

(resisting forces from effective cohesion are neglected)

Sum of driving forces
= 323.27 kN/m
Sum of resisting forces (61.47+1162.60) = 1224.07 kN/m
Sliding resistance check Hd=323.27 < Rd=1224.07 kN/m, Check is verified

BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

Pa

X0

Fs =c.B+W.tan( )

(EC7 6.5.3. 10)

1.9. Checks of wall stability (GEO)

1.9.1. Forces (driving and resisting) on the wall (GEO)
H
e

Action
Active earth pressure
Passive earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight

y1 Pa
Pp
W
Ws

y2

0.00- 9.40
8.00- 9.40

1.9.2. Check of soil bearing capacity

Fx
[kN/m]
318.99
-46.15
0.00
0.00

Fy
x
[kN/m] [m]
0.00 -5.300
0.00 1.200
359.00 -1.129
803.60 -2.830

y
[m]
6.267
8.933
6.965
4.100

(GEO)

N
e

Pa
h

Y0

Pp

X0

(EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, 6.5.2)

Check for 1.00x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+0.00x(top vertical live load)
y0

Active earth pressure

Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00

0.00- 9.40

[kN/m] [kN/m] [m]

[m]
[kNm/m]
318.99
0.00 6.500 3.133
999.40
0.00 359.00 2.329 2.435 -836.11
0.00 803.60 4.030 5.300 -3238.51
Sum= 1162.60
-3075.22

Sum of vertical forces

= 1162.60 kN/m
Sum of moments at front toe
=-3075.22 kNm/m
Sum of moments at middle of base = 703.23 kNm/m
Eccentricity ec=703.23/1162.60=0.605m, ec<=6.500/6=1.083m
Soil pressure q1=0.279 N/mm q2=0.079 N/mm
Effective footing L=6.500-2x0.605= 5.290 m
Bearing resistance check Vd=1162.60 < Rd=1889.29 kN/m,

x0

q
(EC7 Annex D)

Check is verified

(EC7 Eq.2.2, Eq.6.1)

Check for 1.00x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+1.30x(top vertical live load)

Active earth pressure

Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00

0.00- 9.40

[kN/m] [kN/m] [m]

[m]
[kNm/m]
318.99
0.00 6.500 3.133
999.40
0.00 359.00 2.329 2.435 -836.11
0.00 803.60 4.030 5.300 -3238.51
Sum= 1162.60
-3075.22

Sum of vertical forces

= 1162.60 kN/m
Sum of moments at front toe
=-3075.22 kNm/m
Sum of moments at middle of base = 703.23 kNm/m
Eccentricity ec=703.23/1162.60=0.605m, ec<=6.500/6=1.083m
Soil pressure q1=0.279 N/mm q2=0.079 N/mm
Effective footing L=6.500-2x0.605= 5.290 m
Bearing resistance check Vd=1162.60 < Rd=1889.29 kN/m,
1.9.3. Failure check due to overturning

(EC7 Annex D)

Check is verified

(GEO)

(EC7 Eq.2.2, Eq.6.1)

(EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, 9.7.4)

Overturning with respect to the toe (xo=0,yo=0) (x=1.200,y=9.400 m)

Active earth pressure

Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00

[kN/m] [kN/m] [m]

[m] [kNm/m] [kNm/m] y0
0.00- 9.40 318.99
0.00 6.500 3.133 999.40
0.00
0.00 359.00 2.329 2.435
0.00 836.11
0.00 803.60 4.030 5.300
0.00 3238.51
Sum=
999.40 4074.62

Sum of overturning moments

= 999.40 kNm/m
Sum of moments resisting overturning = 4074.62 kNm/m
Overturning check Med=999.40 < Mrd=4074.62 kNm/m, Check is verified
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

x0

1.9.4. Failure check against sliding (GEO)

(EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, 9.7.3, 6.5.3)

H N

Active earth pressure

Passive earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.00
Ppx1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00

[kN/m] [kN/m] [kN/m]

0.00- 9.40 318.99
0.00
0.00
8.00- 9.40
0.00 46.15
0.00
0.00
0.00 359.00
0.00
0.00 803.60
Sum=
318.99 46.151162.60

s
Y0

Pa

Pp

X0

Fs =c.B+W.tan( )

(resisting forces from effective cohesion are neglected)

Sum of driving forces
= 318.99 kN/m
Sum of resisting forces (46.15+930.08) = 976.23 kN/m
Sliding resistance check Hd=318.99 < Rd=976.23 kN/m, Check is verified

(EC7 6.5.3. 10)

1.10. Seismic design

Checks of wall stability (with seismic loading)

(EC8 EN1998-1-1:2004)

1.10.1. Forces (driving and resisting) on the wall

N
e

Action

y1 -

y2

Active earth pressure

Pa

0.00- 9.40

Passive earth pressure

Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pp
W
Ws

8.00- 9.40

Fx
[kN/m]
239.46

Fy
x
[kN/m] [m]
0.00 -5.300

y
[m]
6.267

-61.47
0.00
0.00

0.00 1.200
359.00 -1.129
803.60 -2.830

8.933
6.965
4.100

Pa
h

Y0

Pp

X0

1.10.2. Additional forces due to seismic load

Action
Active earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight

y1 Pa
W
Ws

y2

0.00- 9.40

1.10.3. Check of soil bearing capacity

Active earth pressure

Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00

Fx
[kN/m]
180.31
64.62
144.65

Fy
[kN/m]

x
y
[m]
[m]
-5.300 6.267
-32.31-1.129 6.965
-72.32-2.830 4.100

(with seismic loading)

0.00- 9.40

[kN/m] [kN/m] [m]

[m]
[kNm/m]
419.77
0.00 6.500 3.133 1315.15
64.62 391.31 2.329 2.435 -603.51
144.65 875.92 4.030 5.300 -2180.42
Sum= 1267.23
-1468.78

Sum of vertical forces

= 1267.23 kN/m
Sum of moments at front toe
=-1468.78 kNm/m
Sum of moments at middle of base = 2649.72 kNm/m
Eccentricity ec=2649.72/1267.23=2.091m, ec>6.500/6=1.083m
Soil pressure q=0.729 N/mm Bq=3.477 m
Effective footing L=6.500-2x2.091= 2.318 m
Bearing resistance check Vd=1267.23 > Rd=1159.00 kN/m,
Soil bearing capacity exceeded (with seismic loading)

BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

(EC7 6.5.2)

Bq

Check is NOT verified

(EC7 Annex D)

1.10.4. Failure check due to overturning

(with seismic loading)

(EC7 9.7.4)

Overturning with respect to the toe (xo=0,yo=0) (x=1.200,y=9.400 m)

[kN/m] [kN/m] [m]

[m] [kNm/m] [kNm/m]
0.00- 9.40 419.77
0.00 6.500 3.133 1315.15
0.00
64.62 391.31 2.329 2.435 232.60 836.11*
144.65 875.92 4.030 5.300 1058.09 3238.51*
Sum=
2605.84 4074.62
(*moments of negative seismic vertical loads, are added to the overturning moments)
Active earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00

Sum of overturning moments

= 2605.84 kNm/m
Sum of moments resisting overturning = 4074.62 kNm/m
Overturning check Med=2605.84 < Mrd=4074.62 kNm/m, Check is verified
1.10.5. Failure check against sliding (with seismic loading)

(EC7 9.7.3, 6.5.3)

H N

Active earth pressure

Passive earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight

Pax1.00
Ppx1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00

[kN/m] [kN/m] [kN/m]

0.00- 9.40 419.77
0.00
0.00
8.00- 9.40
0.00 61.47
0.00
64.62
0.00 326.69
144.65
0.00 731.28
Sum=
629.04 61.471057.97

Pa

Y0

Pp

X0

Fs =c.B+W.tan( )
(resisting forces from effective cohesion are neglected)
Sum of driving forces
= 629.04 kN/m
Sum of resisting forces (61.47+1057.97) = 1119.44 kN/m
Sliding resistance check Hd=629.04 < Rd=1119.44 kN/m, Check is verified

(EC7 6.5.3. 10)

1.11. Design of wall steam

(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004)

1.11.1. Loading 1.35x(permanent unfavourable)+1.00x(permanent favourable)+1.50x(variable unfav.)

Forces (at cross section centroid) at wall steam
X

y
[m]
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.20

h
[m]
0.498
0.595
0.693
0.790
0.888
0.985
1.083
1.200

BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

Fx
[kN/m]
3.66
14.63
32.93
58.54
91.46
131.71
179.27
246.00

Fy
[kN/m]
11.22
24.88
40.98
59.51
80.49
103.90
129.75
164.00

M
[kNm/m]
1.48
10.89
35.66
83.20
161.04
276.48
436.98
699.65

Y
x

M
h

1.11.2. Design of wall steam in bending

(EC2 9.6, 6.1)

Concrete-Steel class: C25/30-B500C, Concrete cover: Cnom=25 mm
(3, 4.4.1.1)
Vertical reinforcement minimum:0.26(fctm/fyk)d, 0.0013d, 0.0020Ac, maximum: 0.04Ac
(EC2 9.6.2)

[m]
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.20

[kN/m]
1.48
10.89
35.66
83.20
161.04
276.48
436.98
699.65

[kN]
-11.22
-24.88
-40.98
-59.51
-80.49
-103.90
-129.75
-164.00

[mm]
468
565
663
760
858
955
1053
1170

23.58
13.49
9.50
7.42
6.15
5.30
4.69
4.15

0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07

0.2/20.0
0.4/20.0
0.6/20.0
0.8/20.0
1.0/20.0
1.2/20.0
1.3/20.0
1.6/20.0

2.31
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.34
2.35
2.36

[cm/m]
0.00
0.15
0.76
1.85
3.44
5.58
8.26
12.24

[cm/m]
( 4.98)
( 7.64)
( 8.96)
( 10.28)
( 11.60)
( 12.92)
( 14.24)
( 15.82)

1.11.3. Loading 1.00x(permanent unfav.)+1.00x(permanent favour.)+1.00x(variable)+1.00x(seismic)

Forces (at cross section centroid) at wall steam (with seismic loading)
y
[m]
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.20

h
[m]
0.498
0.595
0.693
0.790
0.888
0.985
1.083
1.200

Fx
[kN/m]
22.97
55.88
98.73
151.52
214.25
286.92
369.54
481.79

Fy
M
[kN/m] [kNm/m]
11.22
10.94
24.88
50.50
40.98
128.71
59.51
255.64
80.49
441.48
103.90
696.09
129.75 1029.61
164.00 1548.30

Y
x

M
h

1.11.4. Design of wall steam in bending (with seismic loading)

(EC2 9.6, 6.1)

Concrete-Steel class: C25/30-B500C, Concrete cover: Cnom=25 mm
(3, 4.4.1.1)
Vertical reinforcement minimum:0.26(fctm/fyk)d, 0.0013d, 0.0020Ac, maximum: 0.04Ac
(EC2 9.6.2)

[m]
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.20

[kN/m]
10.94
50.50
128.71
255.64
441.48
696.09
1029.61
1548.30

[kN]
-11.22
-24.88
-40.98
-59.51
-80.49
-103.90
-129.75
-164.00

[mm]
468
565
663
760
858
955
1053
1170

12.78
7.48
5.57
4.56
3.94
3.50
3.18
2.89

0.02
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12

0.4/20.0
0.8/20.0
1.1/20.0
1.4/20.0
1.7/20.0
2.0/20.0
2.3/20.0
2.7/20.0

2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.41

[cm/m]
0.41
1.78
4.06
7.22
11.25
16.14
21.93
30.07

1.11.5. Reinforcement of wall steam

Reinforcement at back steam face
(y=0 wall top)
(y= 0.00 ~ y= 4.10m) 25/40.0 (12.27cm/m)
(y= 4.10 ~ y= 8.20m) 25/40.0 + 32/40.0 (32.37cm/m)
Secondary transverse reinforcement 8/40.0 ( 1.26cm/m)
Reinforcement at front steam face
16/16.5 (12.18cm/m)
Secondary transverse reinforcement 8/40.0 ( 1.26cm/m)

BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

[cm/m]
( 6.32)
( 7.64)
( 8.96)
( 10.28)
( 11.60)
( 12.92)
( 14.24)
( 15.82)

1.11.6. Anchorage of wall steam reinforcement

(EC2 8.4)

Basic required anchorage length

lb,rqd=(/4)

(EC2 Eq.8.3)
(EC2 8.4.2)
(EC2 8.4.4, T.8.2)

Design anchorage length lbd=1.00x1569=1569mm, Cnom=25mm<3=75mm

Minimum anchorage length lb,min=max(0.30lbrqd,10,100mm)=471mm
Necessary bend 445mm at lower bar end for anchorage
1.11.7. Shear check of wall steam

(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, 6.2.2)

Concrete-Steel class: C25/30-B500C, Concrete cover: Cnom=25 mm

The earth pressure load variation is linear, so the variation of shear
force is parabolic. The variation of steam cross section is linear.
The most unfavourable place for shear check is the base of the steam.

(3, 4.4.1.1)

Ved=180.93 kN/m, Ved (+seismic)=372.34 kN/m, Ned=-130.61 kN/m

Shear capacity without shear reinforcement Vrdc

(EC2 6.2.2)
(EC2 Eq.6.2.a)
(EC2 Eq.6.2.b)

k=1+ (200/d) <=2, k=1.41, k1=0.15

vmin=0.035k
fck = 0.29N/mm
Vrd,c(min)=0.001x(0.29+0.15x0.11)x1000x1170=358.61kN/m
Vrdc=0.001x[0.120x1.41x(0.28x25.00)
+0.15x0.11]x1000x1170=398.00kN/m
Ved=372.34 kN/m <= Vrdc=398.00 kN/m, shear OK

(EC2 Eq.6.3N)

1.12. Design of wall footing and reinforcement

1.12.1. Design of back heel x=-5.300 m to x=-0.800 m
Sum of vertical forces
= 1569.51 kN/m
Sum of moments at middle of base = 612.98 kNm/m
q1= 0.275 N/mm, q2= 0.154 N/mm, w= 4.500 m
pressure from backfill and self weight q3= 0.209 N/mm
M= -145.90 kNm/m, V= 25.55 kN/m
V at distance d=1125mm from the face of the steam = 31.68 kN/m
Med= -145.90k Nm/m, Vsd= 31.68 kN/m

(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004)

M V

1.12.2. Design of back heel x=-5.300 m to x=-0.800 m (with seismic loading)

Sum of vertical forces
= 1267.23 kN/m
Sum of moments at middle of base = 2649.72 kNm/m
q1= 0.310 N/mm, q2= 0.000 N/mm, w= 4.500 m
pressure from backfill and self weight q3= 0.209 N/mm
M= -1657.04 kNm/m, V= 711.81 kN/m
V at distance d=1125mm from the face of the steam = 641.78 kN/m
Med= -1657.04k Nm/m, Vsd= 641.78 kN/m
1.12.3. Design of wall footing in bending
Concrete-Steel class: C25/30-B500C, Concrete cover: Cnom=75 mm

Minimum reinforcement As>=0.26bdfctm/fyk (As=15.10cm/m)

Minimum reinforcement 16/13.0 (15.46cm/m)
1.12.4. Reinforcement of wall footing
Footing reinforcement at bottom
Footing reinforcement at top
Secondary transverse reinforcement

BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

16/13.0 (15.46cm/m)
20/8.5 (36.94cm/m)
16/40.0 ( 5.02cm/m)

(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, 6.1)

(3, 4.4.1.1)
As=*cm/m
As=35.96cm/m
(EC2 9.3.1)

1.12.5. Anchorage of footing reinforcement

(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, 9.8.2.2, 8.4)

ze

x=h/2=0.600m, R=1000x0.310x0.600=186.00 kN/m

e=0.15b=0.180m ze=4.380 m, zi=0.900d=1.005m
Fs=Rze/zi=186.00x4.380/1.005=810.38 kN/m
Basic required anchorage length
lb,rqd=(/4)

NEd
b
Fc
Fs,maxz i

Fs

(EC2 Eq.8.3)

A
lb
(EC2 8.4.2)
x
Design anchorage length
(EC2 8.4.4, T.8.2)
R
lbd=0.70x476=333mm, Cnom=75mm>3=60mm
Minimum anchorage length lb,min=max(0.30lbrqd,10,100mm)=200mm
Necessary anchorage length of longitudinal reinforcement Lbd=340mm =0.340m
lbd=340mm<(x-Cnom)=525.00. Sufficient length is available
1.12.6. Design of wall footing for shear and punching shear

(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, 6.2.2)

Concrete-Steel class: C25/30-B500C, Concrete cover: Cnom=75 mm (3, 4.4.1.1)

Punching shear capacity without shear reinforcement Vrdc (EC2 6.4.4)
(EC2 Eq.6.50)
Vrdc>=[vmin2d/a]bwd, d=dm=1117mm, a=1117mm

a=d
45o

k=1+ (200/d) <=2, k=1.42

dm

vmin=0.035k
fck = 0.30N/mm
(EC2 Eq.6.3N)
Vrd,c(min)=0.001x(0.30x2x1117/1117)x1000x1117=670.20kN/m
Vrdc=0.001x[0.120x1.42x(0.14x25.00)
x2x1117/1117]x1000x1117=577.97, Vrdc=Vrdc(min)=670.20kN/
Ved=641.78 kN/m <= Vrdc=670.20 kN/m, shear and punching shear OK
1.13. Material estimate
Concrete per meter of wall length
14.360 m/m
Reinforcing steel per meter of wall
616.540 kg/m
Total concrete of wall
10.000x
14.360=
Total reinforcing steel of wall 10.000x
616.540=

143.598 m
6165.400 kg

1.14. Reinforcing bar schedule

Num

1
2
3

type

1
2
4

6
7

reinforcing bar [mm]

9270
450
450
450

8
10

250
5680
9270
10000

6330
6330
10000

160

items

length
[m]

weight
[kg]

25

25

3.850

9.970

959.61

25

32

6.310

6.130

967.01

61

16

1.580

9.880

952.23

42

0.395

10.000

165.90

77

16

1.580

6.330

770.11

118

20

2.470

6.330

1844.94

32

16

1.580

10.000

505.60

Total weight [kg]

BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)

g/m
[kg/m]

6165.40