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Couple Shear Wall

Coupled shear wall


In coupled shear wall, walls are connected by bending resistant
elements .
Presence of moment resisting connections greatly increase the
stiffness of the wall system.

Behavior of couple shear wall


When shear wall is connected by pin ended links
If shear walls is connected by pin-ended links that transmit only
axial forces between them.
Total external moment will be resisted individually by each wall
separately
maximum tensile and compressive stresses on opposite edges

When shear wall is connected by Rigid beams


If the walls are connected by rigid beams then applied moment
will be resisted by the two walls acting as a single composite unit.
Max. tensile and compressive stresses occurs at the opposite
extreme edges.

The practical solution of a pair of wall connected by flexible beam will


be between these two extreme cases.
When the wall deflect under the action of the lateral loads , the
connecting beam ends are forced to rotate and displace vertically.
So beams are bend in double curvature and resist free bending of the
walls.

Behavior of laterally loaded coupled system


M=M1+M2+N*l

Methods of analysis
Approximate method

This method is simpler and more co-operative for hand calculation.


This method is restricted to regular structure and regular load system.
Continuous medium method.

Exact methods

this method deal with irregular structures and complex loadings.


To execute this method we need service of digital computer.
Finite element method.

The continuous medium method

Basic assumption made in analysis are as follows


The properties of the walls and connecting beams do not change over
the height, and the story heights are constant.
Plane sections before bending remain plane after bending for all
structural members.
The discrete set of connecting beams , each of flexural rigidity EIb may
be replaced by an equivalent continuous connecting medium of
flexural rigidity EIb/h per unit height, where h is story height.

The walls deflects equally horizontally, as a result of the high inplane


rigidity of surrounding floor slabs and the axial stiffness of the
connecting beams. Slopes of the walls are everywhere equal along
the height.
The discrete set of axial forces , shear forces and bending moments in
the connecting beams may than be replaced by equivalent
continuous distribution of intensity n,q and m respectively per unit
height.

Internal forces in couple shear wall


In particular if the connecting medium is assumed cut along the
vertical line of contraflexure, the only forces acting there are shear
force of intensity q per unit height and axial force of intensity n per
unit height.
So the axial force N in each wall at any level z will then be equal to the
integral of the shear in connecting medium above that level.

Internal forces in couple shear wall

Consider the condition of vertical compatibility along the cut line of the contraflexure
as shown in figure.
Relative vertical displacements will occur at the cut ends of the cantilever due to
following four basic actions

Rotation of wall cross section due to bending

Bending & Shearing deformations of the connecting


beams under the action of the shear force.

The effect of shear deformations in the connecting beams may


readily be included by replacing the true flexural rigidity EIb by an
equivalent flexural rigidity EIc.
GA is the shearing rigidity.
is the shape factor for shear. equal to 1.2 in the case of rectangular
sections.

Axial deformation of wall under action of axial force N

Any Vertical or rotational relative displacement at the base

In the original deflected structure there can be no relative vertical


displacement on the line of contraflexure of the connecting beams.

The last term will be zero in common case of rigid base

On considering free bending due to externally applied moment M and


reverse bending due to shear and axial forces in connecting medium ,
the moment curvature relationship for two walls are at any level given
by below equation

Where Ma is moment caused by axial forces in connecting beams.

I=I1+I2 and A=A1+A2

Axial forces in walls

Shear forces in connecting members

Wall moments

Deflections

Significance of parameter kH

Example of coupled shear wall

Step 1:Determine the areas and second moment of area


of connecting beam
Wall properties:I1 = 1/12 * 53 * 0.3 =3.125 m4
I2 = 1/12 * 73 * 0.3 =8.575 m4

A1 = 5 * 0.3 =1.5 m2
A2 = 7 * 0.3 = 2.1 m2

I = I1 + I2 = 11.7 m4

A = A1 + A2 = 3.6 m2

For connecting beams, Assuming that entire cross section is effective


Ib = 1/12 * 0.43 * 0.3 = 1.6 * 10-3 m4
The second moment of area is reduced to include shear
deformations.
Assuming Poissons ratio v=0.15 for concrete
So shear modulus
G= E/(2*(1+v))=E/2.3

Because of reduction effective second moment of area

r = 12* 2.3 *1.6 * 10-3 * 1.2 / (22 * 0.4 *0.3)


r = 0.1104
Ic = 1.6 * 10-3 /(1+0.1104) = 1.441 * 10-3 m4

Step 2 : Determine the structural parameter k, and kH

K2 = 1+ (3.6 *11.7)/(1.5*2.1*82) =1.2089


k= 1.0995

2 = (12 * 1.4*10-3 * 82 )/(2.23 * 2.8 * 11.7)=3.1725 *10-3


= 0.05633 m-1
kH=1.0995 *0.05633 *56 =3.468

Step 3:Calculate wind moment at base level and percentage of


moment at this level carried by individual cantilever action(k1)
and composite cantilever action (k2)
Total base moment =1/2* 16.5 * 562 =25.872 kN.m
Now for base level z=0 so z/H=0
k1=42%
k2=58%

Portion of base moment due to individual cantilever action


=0.42*25,872 =10,866 kN.m
So moment on wall 1, M1= (3.125/11.7)*10,866 =2902 kN.m
moment on wall 2, M2= (8.575/11.7)*10,866=7964 kN.m
Portion of base moment due to composite cantilever action
=0.58 * 25,872 = 15,006 kN.m

Step 4: calculate second moment of area Ig of the composite


cross section. Calculate the stresses at the extreme fibers of the
walls , using ordinary beam theory.

Ig= 3.125 + 8.575 + (1.5*2.1*82)/3.6 =67.7 m4


Using ordinary beam theory, the stresses at the salient points A,B,C
and D are , on adding the stressed due to individual and composite
cantilever stresses.
Taking tensile stress as positive.

sa=(2902*2.5)/3.125
sb=-(2902*2.5)/3.125
sc=(7964*3.5)/8.575
sd=-(7964*3.5)/8.575

+(15,006*7.167)/67.7
+(15,006*2.167)/67.7
+(15,006*0.167)/67.7
- (15,006*6.83)/67.7

=3910 kN/m2
=-1841 kN/m2
=3288 kN/m2
=-4765 kN/m2

Step 5: Determine the maximum shear force factor and


hence the shear force
For value of maximum shear force factor kH =3.468, F2(max)=0.381
at level z/H=0.39.

Maximum shear flow qmax

qmax =16.5*56*0.381/(1.2092*8)=36.39 kN/m


So maximum possible shear in any connecting beam
Qmax=qmax*h=36.39*2.8=101.9 kN
Maximum possible moment in connecting beam
Mmax=Qmax*(b/2)=101.9*1=101.9 kN.m

Step 6: Determine the deflection factor F3 and maximum


lateral deflection at top of the structure
For kH =3.468 and k=1.0995 the value of maximum deflection factor
is 0.333.

Max deflection at top of the structure

Assuming that the dynamic modulus of elasticity =36 kN/mm2


Ymax=(16.5*564*0.333)/(8*36*106*11.7)=0.016 or 16mm

Step 7: Axial force and bending moment

Bending moment

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