Lnec - ICDS12: Durable Structures

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012
DURABLE STRUCTURES
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LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012
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CONCRETE BUILDING IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT

PREVENTION OF CHLORIDE INDUCED REINFORCEMENT
CORROSION
N. TOULOUM, A. BRARA
National Center of Studies and Integrated Research on Building Engineering,

(CNERIB), Souidania, Algeria
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Summary
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
3. Results and discussions (durability indicators, history of chloride ions

concentration)
4. Conclusions
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1. Introduction
The Algerian coastline includes a large park built of reinforced concrete (RC).
In this severe environment, a significant part of concrete structures, even those

recently constructed, often heavily altered.
The major deterioration process

reinforcement corrosion induced by
the ingress of chloride ions present in sea salts.
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1.Introduction
The predictive durability approach
Development of advanced concept of durability and service life prediction

of RC was developed throughout the world: performance and/or probabilistic
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approach.
Evaluation and the prediction of the durability of RC structures
based on key material properties called durability indicators (DI)
Approach applied to predict

- potential durability of a new structure at the design stage
(concrete material generally tested in laboratory)
- and to assess the residual lifetime of existing one
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1.Introduction
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Goals of the study
The predictive theory of structure life based on DI applied to study concrete

just before and after its placement in an aggressive marine environment.
Two durability indicators :

accessible to water porosity and
ions chloride coefficient
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2.1. CASE STUDY
Building under construction and facing the sea, situated in the littoral of Algiers
(Ain Benian)
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monitoring of the concrete intrinsic characteristics
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2.2. MATERIALS
Concrete MD : moulded concrete just before placing (at 0 month)

Concrete CC : removed from the structure at different maturities (at 4, 8 months
and 1 year)
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2.3. CONCRETE SPECIFICATIONS
Components
cement of class CEM II 42.5.
crushed aggregates limestone stone (99 % CaCO3)
Gravels granular class : 8/15, 15/25.
Crushing sand (0/4) with a fineness modulus of 3.16.
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Material studied
current concrete (strength class C25/30) without additives, table 1.
Table 1 Concrete mixture proportions.
Quantity
0.46
184 kg/m3
400 kg/m3
816 kg/m3
600 kg/m3
439 kg/m3
130 mm
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Elements
Water /Cement ratio (W/C)
Water
Cement
Sand
Coarse aggregate 8/15
Coarse aggregate 15/25
Slump
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2.4. SPECIMENS PREPARATION AND STORAGE CONDITIONS
The specimens tested : disks of 100 mm diameter and 50 mm thick under two
curing modes, table 2.
Table 2 Storage conditions.
Mode 1
Mode 2
Cured at 20 C with 50-60 %

relative humidity (RH) for 50 days.
Stored for 54 days in a solution of

Ca(OH)2.
Cores extracted from the CC, dried and submitted to vacuum saturaton prior to
each test
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2.5. TEST METHODS
Porosity measurement
The total porosity Pw (%), defining the property of a material containing interstitial
voids being interconnected or not, determined by
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(1)
Non steady state chloride migration coefficient

On the basis of experiments determining the depth of chloride ions penetration in a
sample using a colorimetric test.
(2)
(3)
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3. RESULTS
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3.1 Durability indicators
Linear increase of the

cored concrete durability
indicators compared to
those of the same material
before placing.
Increase more
pronounced in the cored
concrete Dnssm.
Fig. 1 Concrete DI before placing and their evolution with time.

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3.2. History of chloride ions concentration
The corrosion triggered

when a critical value of
concentration is reached
significant influence of
Dnssm on the time
required to initiate the
corrosion process.
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A substantial change of
the chloride concentration
induced by a minor
variation of Dnssm
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Fig.2 Influence of migration coefficient on the concentration

profile of chloride ions in the vicinity of reinforcement for the
CM and CC.
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4. Conclusions
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The Dnssm and the Pw value obtained are found to increase simultaneously with the
age of the placed concrete.
The rapid chloride ions penetration could be explained by the porosity value enhancement.
The evolution of Dnssm seems to have a great influence on the time required for corrosion initiation.
Properties evolution resulting from

- exogenous environmental factors (material working, permanent and accidental loads, climate)
and/or
- endogenous ones related to the material itself (i. e. physico-chemical reactions).
The predictive approach must then imperatively take into account both the
early age behavior and the long term ageing.
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Thank you for your kind attention
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ICDS12

International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

CONCRETE BUILDING IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT

National Center of Studies and Integrated Research on Building Engineering,

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

2. Materials and methods

3. Results and discussions (durability indicators, history of chloride ions

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

In this severe environment, a significant part of concrete structures, even those

The major deterioration process

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

The predictive durability approach

Development of advanced concept of durability and service life prediction

Evaluation and the prediction of the durability of RC structures

based on key material properties called durability indicators (DI)

Approach applied to predict

- and to assess the residual lifetime of existing one

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Goals of the study

The predictive theory of structure life based on DI applied to study concrete

Two durability indicators :

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

2. Materials and methods

monitoring of the concrete intrinsic characteristics

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

2. Materials and methods

Concrete MD : moulded concrete just before placing (at 0 month)

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

2. Materials and methods

2.3. CONCRETE SPECIFICATIONS

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

2. Materials and methods

2.4. SPECIMENS PREPARATION AND STORAGE CONDITIONS

Cured at 20 C with 50-60 %

Stored for 54 days in a solution of

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

2. Materials and methods

2.5. TEST METHODS

Non steady state chloride migration coefficient

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

3.1 Durability indicators

Linear increase of the

Fig. 1 Concrete DI before placing and their evolution with time.

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

3.2. History of chloride ions concentration

The corrosion triggered

Fig.2 Influence of migration coefficient on the concentration

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Properties evolution resulting from

- endogenous ones related to the material itself (i. e. physico-chemical reactions).

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Thank you for your kind attention

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