Menjawab dan Mengingat 1

(a)

Diagram 7.1 shows an apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium oksida.
(i) During the experiment, we need to raise the lid a little
at intervals. Why?
Ketika eksperimen dijalankan, kita perlu membuka penutup
sekali sekala. Mengapa?
[2 marks]
(ii)

(b)

Table 7 shows the results for the experiment to determine the empirical formula of
magnesium oxide.
Jadual 7 menunjukkan keputusan bagi satu eksperimen untuk menentukan formula
empirik bagi magnesium oksida.
Mass of crucible + lid
Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup

28.24 g

Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon

Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + pita magnesium

30.64 g

Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide

Jisim mangkuk pijar + penutup + magnesium oxide

32.24 g

Based on the results in Table 7, determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
[ Relative atomic mass : Mg = 24 , O = 16 ]
Berdasarkan keputusan dalam Jadual 7, tentukan formula empirik bagi magnesium
oksida.
[ Jisim atom relatif : Mg = 24 , O = 16 ]
[5 marks]
Diagram 7.2 shows an apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik kuprum oksida.

(i)

(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Compare the method used in experiment in Diagram 7.2 with Diagram 7.1.
Bandingkan kaedah melakukan eksperimen dalam Rajah 7.2 dengan kaedah dalam
Rajah 7.1.
[4
marks]
State the reactants to produce hydrogen gas in Part A.
Nyatakan bahan-bahan untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen di Bahagian A.
[2 marks]
Write the chemical equation for the reaction in Part A.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas di Bahagian A.
[1mark]
State three precautions that must be taken in Part B. Explain your answer.
Nyatakan tiga langkah berjaga-jaga yang mesti diambil dalam Bahagian B. Terangkan
jawapan anda.
[6 marks]

Element

Magnesium,
Oxygen, O
Mg
Mass(g)
30.64 28.24 =
32.24 30.64 =
Question
2.4
1.6 Explanation
No.
Number of
2.4
1.6
8 moles
(a)(i) of atoms 24
= 0.1
16 = 0.1
Simplest ratio
1
1
Diagram 7.1
Diagram 7.2
of(ii)
moles
It involves heating MgO It involves heating
Empirical
Similarity
The reaction is between The reaction is between
formula
a gas and a solid
a gas and a solid
Metal oxide is formed
Metal is formed
Metal is reacted with
Metal oxide is reacted
oxygen gas
with hydrogen gas
Difference The mass of the solid
The mass of the solid
increases
decreases

Mark
- To allow the
oxygen / air to
enter the crucible
- for the complete
combustion of
magnesium

1
1
2
1
1
1

(b)(i)
1
1
1
1
1
(ii)

(iii)

1
1

(iv)

- Dilute hydrochloric acid // or any dilute acid

- Zinc // or any reactive metal
2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2
Precaution
Dry hydrogen gas is passed
through the combustion tube for
a few minutes / throughout the
experiment to remove all the air
in the tube.
During cooling, the flow of
hydrogen is continued.
The heating, cooling and
weighing processes are repeated
until a constant mass is obtained.
The combustion tube must be
slanted slightly towards the tiny

Explanation
A mixture of hydrogen and air
can cause an explosion when
lighted.
To ensure the oxygen from the
air does not oxidise the hot
copper to copper(II) oxide.
To ensure that all of the
copper(II) oxide has been
reduced into copper.
To prevent the water formed
during the reaction from flowing

hole.

towards the hot porcelain dish.

Total marks 20
9. (a) The statement below is about a reaction.
Pernyataan di bawah ialah tentang suatu tindak balas.
0.01 mol of hydrogen chloride gas reacts with 0.01 mol of ammonia gas produces 0.01 mol of
ammonium chloride solid
0.01 mol gas hydrogen klorida bertindak balas dengan 0.01 mol gas ammonia menghasilkan 0.01 mol
pepejal ammonium klorida
(i)
(ii)

(iii)

(b)

What is the meaning of a mole?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan satu mol?
Calculate the numbers of particles in 0.01 mol of ammonium chloride.
[Avogadro constant = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1]
Hitungkan bilangan zarah-zarah dalam 0.01 mol ammonium klorida.
[Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 X 1023 mol-1]

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

Write the molecular formulae of hydrogen chloride and ammonia. Calculate their relative
molecular mass.[Relative atomic mass: H = 1, N = 14, Cl = 35.5]
Tuliskan formula molekul bagi hydrogen klorida dan ammonia. Hitungkan jisim molekul mereka.
[Jisim atom relative: H = 1, N = 14, Cl = 35.5]
[4 marks]
Below is a chemical equation for a reaction.

Di bawah ialah persamaan kimia bagi suatu tindak balas.

2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)

2KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)

(i)

Name the reaction and state one observation for the reaction.
Namakan tindak balas itu dan nyatakan satu permerhatian bagi tindak balas itu. [2 marks]
(ii) Based on the chemical equation, interpret the equation qualitatively and quantitatively.
Berdasarkan kepada persamaan kimia itu, tafsirkan persamaan itu seca kualitatif
dan kuantitatif.
[4 marks]
(c) The statement below describe an activity in laboratory.
Pernyataan di bawah menghuraikan satu aktiviti dalam makmal.
An activity is carried out as follows:
Copper (II) carbonate is heated in a test tube. Gas produced is passed in lime water through a delivery tube.
Suatu aktiviti dijalankan seperti berikut:
Kuprum(II) karbonat dipanaskan dalam sebuah tabung uji. Gas yang terhasil dihasilkan dilalukan ke
dalam air kapur melalui tiub penghantar.
(i) Draw the apparatus set-up for the activity.
Lukis susunan radas bagi aktiviti itu.

[2 marks]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
(iii)

6.2 g of copper(II) carbonate is used in the reaction.Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas
produced at room condition. [Relative atomic mass: C = 12, O = 16, Cu = 64.
Molar volume at room condition = 24 dm3 mol-1]
6.2 g kuprum(II) karbonat digunakan dalam tindak balas ini.Hitungkan isipadu gas karbon
dioksida dihasilkan pada keadaan bilik.
[4 marks]

No. of Q
9

[2 marks]

Explanation

Marks

Total
Mark

(a)(i)

Amount of substance that contain as many particle as the number

of atoms is exactly 12g of carbon-12 //
6 X 1023 of particles in a substance

(ii)

0.01 X 6.02 X 1023 / 6.02 X 1021

1+1
1+1

2
2

(iii)

Molecular formula
HCI
NH3

RMM
1+35.5 //36.5
14 +3(1) //17

Double decomposition // precipitation Yellow

precipitate

b(i)
(ii)

1 names of reactants
2 names of products
3 physical states
4 moles of reactants and products

No. of Q

c(i)

Explanation

Marks

2 mol / formula units of potassium iodide aqueous reacts with 1 mol /

formula units lead(II) nitrate aqueous produces 2 mol / formula units of
potassium nitrate aqueous and 1 mol / formula units lead(11) iodide
solid

Functional diagram:
Test tube with clamp, no leakage in stepper & delivery tube
inside lime water
Label
heat with arrow / /draw Bunsen burner, lime water and copper(II)
carbonate
(ii)

Total
Mark

CuCO3 CuO + CO2

Correct reactant
correct products

1
1

2
3
4

Number of mol of CuCO3 6.2 = 0.05

124
I mol of CuCO3 produces 1 mol of CO2 II 0.05 mol of
CuCO3
produces 0.05 mol of CO,
Volume of CO2 = 0.05 X 24
1.2 dm3 / 1200 cm3

1
1
4
1
20