Colloquialism

Colloquialism
A colloquialism is a word or phrase that is common in everyday, unconstrained conversation rather than in formal
speech, academic writing, or paralinguistics.[1] Dictionaries often display colloquial words and phrases with the
abbreviation colloq. as an identifier. Colloquialisms are sometimes referred to collectively as "youknowhatitis
language".[2]

Examples
Some examples of informal colloquialisms can include words (such as "y'all" or "gonna" or "wanna"), phrases (such
as "old as the hills" and "raining cats and dogs" "dead as a doornail"), or sometimes even an entire aphorism
("There's more than one way to skin a cat").
Colloquialisms are often used primarily within a limited geographical area, known by linguists to spread through
normal conversational interaction of a language, although more often now through informal online interaction. A
common example given is the regional term used by people when describing a carbonated soft drink. In the Upper
Midwestern United States, in common with Canada, it is commonly called "pop," while in other areas, notably the
Northeastern and extreme Western United States, it is referred to as "soda" or "mix". In New England it is
occasionally called "tonic." In some areas of Scotland it is referred to as "ginger", and confusion over whether this
term referred to all carbonated soft drinks or just ginger beer was apparent in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson.
(See: Names for soft drinks for more regional examples of colloquial names given to soft drinks.)
Another example of colloquialism is the two different terms for rectangular maple doughnuts. They are called Long
Johns in most of the United States, but in the Pacific Northwest (such as Oregon and Washington), they are referred
to as Maple bars.
Words that have a formal meaning might also have a colloquial meaning. "Kid" can mean "young goat" in formal
usage and "child" in colloquial usage.
Auxiliary languages are sometimes assumed to be lacking in colloquialisms, but this varies from one language to
another. In Interlingua, the same standards of eligibility apply to colloquialisms as to other terms. Thus, any widely
international colloquialism may be used in Interlingua. Expressions such as en las manos de... 'in the hands of...',
Que pasa? 'What's going on?', are common.
An interesting example of a colloquialism and how it migrates to other areas is the Indian phrase "Please do the
needful," meaning "Please do what is implied and/or expected." As the global workplace expands, this once regional
phrase is now being used outside the area it originated in.

Distinction between colloquialism and slang

Some linguists make a distinction between colloquialisms and slangisms (slang words). According to linguist Ghil'ad
Zuckermann, "slang refers to informal (and often transient) lexical items used by a specific social group, for instance
teenagers, soldiers, prisoners, or surfers. Slang is not considered the same as colloquial (speech), which is informal,
relaxed speech used on occasion by any speaker; this might include contractions such as youre, as well as
colloquialisms. A colloquialism is a lexical item used in informal speech; whilst the broadest sense of the term
colloquialism might include slangism, its narrow sense does not. Slangisms are often used in colloquial speech but
not all colloquialisms are slangisms. One method of distinguishing between a slangism and a colloquialism is to ask
whether most native speakers know the word (and use it); if they do, it is a colloquialism. However, the problem is
that this is not a discrete, quantized system but a continuum. Although the majority of slangisms are ephemeral and
often supplanted by new ones, some gain non-slang colloquial status (e.g. English silly cf. German selig blessed,
Middle High German slde bliss, luck and Zelda, a Middle Eastern female first name) and even formal status (e.g.
English mob)."[3]

Colloquialism

Distinction between colloquialism and jargon

Jargon is terminology which is especially defined in relationship to a specific activity, profession, or group. The term
covers the language used by people who work in a particular area or who have a common interest. Much like
slang,[4] it can develop as a kind of short-hand, to express ideas that are frequently discussed between members of a
group, though it can also be developed deliberately using chosen terms. A standard term may be given a more
precise or unique usage among practitioners of a field. In many cases this causes a barrier to communication with
those not familiar with the language of the field.

Distinction between colloquialism and dialect

The term dialect is used in two distinct ways, even by linguists. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is
characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers.[5] The term is applied most often to regional speech
patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors, such as social class.[6] A dialect that is associated with a
particular social class can be termed a sociolect; a regional dialect may be termed a regiolect or topolect. The other
usage refers to a language socially subordinate to a regional or national standard language, often historically cognate
to the standard, but not a variety of it or in any other sense derived from it. A dialect is distinguished by its
vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody).

References
[1] colloquial. (n.d.) Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved September 10, 2008, from Dictionary.com (http:/ / dictionary. reference. com/
browse/ colloquial)
[2] colloquialism. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved September 10, 2008, from Dictionary.com (http:/ / dictionary. reference.
com/ browse/ colloquialism)
[3] See p. 21 in Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew (http:/ / www. palgrave. com/ products/ title.
aspx?is=140391723X), by Zuckermann, Ghilad, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
[4] Lundin, Leigh (2009-12-31). "Buzzwords bang * splat !" (http:/ / www. criminalbrief. com/ ?p=10866). Don Martin School of Software.
Criminal Brief. .
[5] Oxford English dictionary. (http:/ / dictionary. oed. com/ cgi/ entry/ 50063104?query_type=word& queryword=dialect& first=1&
max_to_show=10& sort_type=alpha& result_place=1& search_id=tFGd-Bh8USU-18775& hilite=50063104)
[6] Merriam-Webster Online dictionary. (http:/ / www. m-w. com/ dictionary/ dialect)

External links
Slangasaurus (http://www.uniteddictionary.com/) A Slang Dictionary
Colloquial Spanish (http://coloquial.es/es/diccionario-del-espanol-coloquial/) Dictionary of Colloquial
Spanish.
Urban Thesaurus (http://urbanthesaur.us) An Urban Thesaurus

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

Colloquialism Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=484782031 Contributors: 119, AJR, AgnosticPreachersKid, Algrif, Altenmann, Alys, Amberism3822, Andyjsmith, Anesone,
Angela, ArmadniGeneral, Atreys, Audiovore, Beezeee, BiT, BilCat, Bluemoose, Bubbles21billion, CMG, Cal Evans, CallidoraBlack, CambridgeBayWeather, Can't sleep, clown will eat me,
Capricorn42, Cardsplayer4life, Carlsotr, Ceyockey, Cgingold, CharlesHBennett, CimanyD, Cimorcus, CommonsDelinker, Compellingelegance, Comrade42, Coppertwig, Cyclonefury27, D0762,
Dana boomer, Decltype, Dirrival, DocWatson42, DogueDeBx, Download, DrJos, Dromioofephesus, DuckyTheBunny, Dynaflow, DRahier, EdH, Editsalot, Fabulistic, Falcon8765, FatalError,
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