Period 5

Unit 3 Quadratic Functions.

3.1 Properties of Quadratic Functions

There are three forms of a Quadratic function
(a) Standard Form
y = ax2 + bx + c
a is the direction of the opening of the graph.
If a>0 open upwards.
if a<0 open downwards.
The coefficient in front of a will be multiplied into your step
pattern
c is your intercept for y
(b) Factored Form
y = a(x-s)(x-r)
r and s are the roots of the parabola
Standard Factored Form
Multiply a * c and use M.A.N method.
(c) Vertex Form
y = a(x-h) 2 +k
(h , k ) are your vertex.
h is your AOS
k is your max/min vertex.
Standard Vertex
Complete the square.
When Given a TOV
Second differences are the same quadratic
The vertex in a TOV is your turning point.
You can determine your zeros, equation and vertex.

3.2 Deterring Max/Min of a Quadratic Function.

There are three methods of finding the max/min of a quadratic.

1. Vertex form
. Complete the square to find (h.k)
2. Factoring Method
. Determine AOS, plot into y = a(x-s)(x-r).
3. Partial Factoring
. when a term cannot be factored
. Partial factoring works because the AOS between any
two given points on a graph is the same.
. Find the AOS, and sub in to determine max/min value
. see study guide for details.

Application - Determine Max Area:

Using the formula for area, use distributive property to get the
equation into standard form.
o A = ax2 + bx + c
Use the appropriate method (preferably partial factoring) to
determine the max area; by solving for area.
Sub in the AOS in to the dimensions given, to determine the
dimensions that the area is maximized at.
Revenue, Profit, Cost.
Revenue = #items x price of each item
r(x) = x * p(x)
Profit = revenue cost
P(x) = r(x) c(x)
Break-even point is when the P(x) = 0; solve for the x values.

3.3 The Inverse of a Quadratic Function

To determine the equation of an inverse function:

1. Switch the "x" and "y"
2. Rearrange to solve for "y"
3. Restrict the domain to the principle branch to make inverse function
Principle Branch: The half of the quadratic function that is pointing
towards
The positive values on a graph.
NOTE: if the graph is opening downwards, that indicates that the
Y values are decreasing therefore when the graph is inversed, the x
values will be decreasing.

3.4 - Operations with Radicals

Key Concepts:
A radical is a root (square, cube, or higher)

Example 1: 9 3 x 3 = 3
Example 2: 27 3 x 3 x 3 = 3
An entire radical is a radical with a coefficient of 1 i.e. 4, 12
A mixed radical is a radical with a coefficient other than 1 i.e.
75
Rules of Operations:
For multiplication and division
a x b = ab
a/b = a / b
2

 a2b = ab
ca x db = cdab
* Like multiplying fractions (numerators x numerators and
denominators x denominators) we multiply radicals (coefficients x
coefficients and roots x roots)
For addition and subtraction
ca + da = (c + d)a
ca + db does not equal (c + d) a + b

* Like adding and subtracting fractions (denominators must be the

same, find lowest common denominator), only collect like radicals
which have same roots

3.5 - Solving Quadratic Equations

Basically encompasses all the methods learned in this unit for

solving quadratic functions
o That is, through Factoring
o Or using the quadratic equation (formula):

Solutions can be expressed exactly by using radical or rational

numbers or approx. with decimals

3.6 Zeros Of a Quadratic Function

A quadratic function can have 0, 1 or 2 zeros;

To determine the zeros you can, graph, factor, or use the Quadratic
Formul
You can identify the number of zeros by solving for Discriminant.
Discriminant: the quantity under the radical sign, that helps you to
solve for the zeroes.
Value of the Discriminant

3.7- Families of Quadratic Functions

Key Concepts:
How to determine or solve an equation
knowing the x-intercepts
Substitute x - intercepts into
factored form [y = a(x-r)(x-s)]
and substitute a known point
and solve for a
How to determine or solve an equation
knowing the vertex
Substitute the vertex into
vertex form [y=a(x-h)2 + k]
and substitute a known point
and solve for a
Families of a quadratic often share a
point(s) in common.

3.8- Linear- Quadratic Systems

Key Concepts:
A linear and quadratic function will intersect at 2 points AT MOST
Point of intersection between a line[g(x)] and a parabola [f(x)]
can be found two ways:
By factoring x
Set f(x) = g(x) and get it in standard form [ax2
+ bx + c =0)
Using Quadratic formula
Find the zero(s), then substitute into original
equations f(x) or g(x) to find the y-coordinates
Determine how many point(s) of intersection between a
line[g(x)] and a parabola [f(x)]:
By factoring x
Set f(x) = g(x) and get it in standard form [ax2
+ bx + c =0)
Find the discriminant
If the D = 0 there is one point of intersection
If the D > 0 (positive number) there is two P.O.I
If the D < 0 (negative number) there are no
P.O.I

Study Guide NEED TO KNOW

1. How do I complete the square?
Solve

x2 + 6x 7 = 0 by completing the square.

Remember; If the coefficient of a>1 then multiply the negative value of (b/2)2 by
the coefficient of a as you bring it to the other side, making it a positive number.

2. How do I use the Quadratic Formula?

Solve x2 + 3x 4 = 0
Using a

= 1, b = 3, and c = 4, my solution looks like this:

Then, as expected, the solution is x

= 4, x = 1.

4. How do I Partial Factor?

Steps to follow when Partial Factoring.

This is the original equation
5x + 10x2 + 6 = 0
Factor ax from the equation,
leaving the C term by itself. This
5x( x + 2 ) + 6 = 0
should only affect your b value.
5x = 0
Set your x value to zero. Solve.
x+2 = 0
therefore, x = 0 and x = -2
Remember these are not your
roots to your graph, these values
Therefore, when x = 0 y = 6 and
of x only occur when the y = C
when x = -2 y= 6
value.
Determine your AOS, by using the
Since x1 = 0 & x2 = -2
formula X1 + X2 / 2 = AOS
(0)+(-2)/2 = -1
therefore AOS = -1
Sub in AOS into the original
Y= 5(-1) + 10 (-1)2 + 6
equation
Y=1
In conclusion, the minimum value (since a>1) of this graph is
y=1 when x = -1.

4. How Do I Inverse a function?

Steps to follow when inversing a function.

This is the original equation
f(x)=3(x-2) 2-4
(x)=3(y-2) 2-4
Switch x and y; solve for x
Use opposite of BEDMAS, adding
becomes subtraction on other
side.
Multiplication becomes division on
other side.
Place a +- , since it is the
opposite of 2
The last term, which was inside of
the bracket, will remain on the
outside of the + since it is a
function.

x+4=3(y-2) 2-4

x+4/3=(y-2) 2

+/- x+4/3=y-2

+x+4/3+2=f-1(x)