1.

A. Statistics is the science of collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and

presentation of data. It has wide usage in the field of research. In fact all the data
collection and interpretation techniques used in Research are part of statistics. It makes
use of descriptive statistics for collection of data and inferential statistics for drawing
inferences from this set of data.
Statistics is very important in research because that is the backbone of your research. The
Numbers gives an easy idea of how you conducted your research. Statistics provides a
platform for research as to; How to go about your research, either to consider a sample or
the whole population, the Techniques to use in data collection and observation, how to go
about the data description (using measure of central tendency).
B. Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics provides simple summaries about the sample and about the
observations that have been made. Such summaries may be, or visual, i.e. simple-tounderstand graphs. These summaries may either form the basis of the initial description
of the data as part of a more extensive statistical analysis, or they may be sufficient in and
of themselves for a particular investigation.

Mean - the most popular and well known measure of central tendency. It can be
used with both discrete and continuous data, although its use is most often with
continuous. The mean is equal to the sum of all the values in the data set divided
by the number of values in the data set.

Median - the middle score for a set of data that has been arranged in order of
magnitude. The median is less affected by outliers and skewed data.

Mode - the most frequent score in our data set. On a histogram it represents the
highest bar in a bar chart or histogram. You can, therefore, sometimes consider the
mode as being the most popular option.

Frequency Distribution - a description of a variable providing a count of the

number of cases that fall into each of the variables categories. It is most
commonly presented in a table format and is useful for getting a rough idea of
results.

Minimum- the lowest amount or degree recorded

Maximum- the highest amount or degree recorded.

Standard Deviation- a measure of dispersion of a set of data from its mean. The
more spread apart the data from the mean, the higher is the deviation

Inferential Statistics
Inferential statistics is concerned with making predictions or inferences about a
population from observations and analyses of a sample. That is, we can take the results of
an analysis using a sample and can generalize it to the larger population that the sample
represents. In order to do this, however, it is imperative that the sample is representative
of the group to which it is being generalized.
>T Test A statistical examination of two population means. A two-sample t-test
examines whether two samples are different and is commonly used when the variances of
two normal distributions are unknown and when an experiment uses a small sample
sizeTypes of t Test
o Independent Samples t Test (Unpaired t Test) it is use when the observations are not
dependent or correlated.
o Dependent Samples (Paired t Test) it use when the observations are dependent and
correlated (e.g. comparing the results of pre-test and post test).
>Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) -is a collection used to analyze the differences between
group means and their associated procedures (such as "variation" among and between
groups), developed In the ANOVA setting, the observed in a particular variable is
partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation. In its simplest
form, ANOVA provides a of whether or not of several groups are equal, and therefore
generalizes to more than two groups. As would result in an increased chance of
committing a statistical , ANOVAs are useful in comparing (testing) three or more means
(groups or variables) for
.>Least Significant Difference Test and Duncans Multiple Range Test a multiple
comparison tests that are used to point out where significant difference lies from among
the groups being compared.
>Correlation use to evaluate strength of relationship or association between two or
more variables considered.
Tests of Correlations : Pearson, Kendalls tau-b, Spearman, Chi-square test of
independence

2. A. Total sample size: 316

B. Group 1: 154
Group 2: 74
Group 3: 88
3. Over all Mean: 3.76
Verbal Description: The questionnaire has a very good validity index
4.

Correlations
initial_test Final_test
initial_test Pearson Correlation

.227

Sig. (2-tailed)

.556

N
Final_test Pearson Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed)

.227

.556

The correlation coefficient of .227 indicates that the reliability of research instrument is
unacceptable.
5. A. what is the extent of the level of conformance of LGU personnel to ISO 9001:2008?
B.
Descriptive Statistics
N

Minimum Maximum

data

11

Valid N
(listwise)

11

2.25

5.00

Mean
3.7136

Std.
Deviation
.96049

C. This denotes that the extent of the level of conformance of LGU personnel to ISO
9001:2008 is high.

 6. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of :

a. Length of service
b. Age
length of service
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Percent
Valid

1-10 years

25.0

30.0

30.0

11-20 years

41.7

50.0

80.0

21 years and above

16.7

20.0

100.0

10

83.3

100.0

16.7

12

100.0

Total
Missing System
Total

age of respondents
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Percent
Valid

10-25 years old

25.0

30.0

30.0

26-40 years old

25.0

30.0

60.0

41 and up

33.3

40.0

100.0

10

83.3

100.0

16.7

12

100.0

Total
Missing System
Total
Statistics
length of
service
N

Valid

age of
respondents
10

10

Missing
2
2
> The findings presented revealed that in terms of length of service, 3 out 12 or 25% of
respondents has 1 10 years of service, 5 out of 12 or 41.7% of the respondents has 11-20 years
of service and 2 out of 12 or 16.7% has 21 or more years of service and 2 out of 12 or 16.7% is
missing.

> In terms of age, the findings revealed that 3 out 12 or 25% of respondents is 10-25 years old, 3
out of 12 or 25% of the respondents 26-40 years old and 4 out of 12 or 33.3% is 41 years old and
above. There is 2 out of 12 or 16.7% missing.
7. A. Statement of the problem: Is there is a significant increase on the extent of conformance of
LGU personnel on ISO 9001: 2008 after the conduct of orientation?
Hypothesis: there is an increase on the extent of conformance of LGU personnel on ISO
9001: 2008 after the conduct of orientation.
B.
Descriptive Statistics
N

Minimum Maximum

Mean

Std.
Deviation

initial_assessment

2.25

4.20

3.1900

.92087

Final_assessment

2.85

4.90

3.9800

.78310

Valid N (listwise)

C. The mean score achieved by the LGU personnel in the initial assessment is 3.19 and 3.98 in
the final assessment.
This denotes that there is an increase on the extent of conformance of LGU personnel on ISO
9001: 2008 after the conduct of orientation from average to high.
8. A. Statement of the problem: Is there is a significant difference on the extent of conformance
of LGU personnel to ISO 9001:2008 when grouped according to position status?
Hypothesis: Is there is no significant difference on the extent of conformance of LGU
personnel to ISO 9001:2008 when grouped according to position status
B.
Group Statistics
positio
n

Mean

Std.
Deviation

Std. Error
Mean

conformance 1.00

3.1900

.92087

.41183

2.00

3.9800

.78310

.35021

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Difference

F
conformanc Equal
e
variance
s
assumed
Equal
variance
s not
assumed

Sig.

.596 .462

t
1.46
1

Sig.
(2tailed Mean Std. Error
) Difference Difference Lower Upper

df
8

.182

-.79000

.54060

- .45663
2.0366
3

- 7.79
1.46
9
1

.183

-.79000

.54060

- .46225
2.0422
5

C. Significance value .182 denotes that there is no significant difference the extent of
conformance of LGU personnel to ISO 9001:2008 when grouped according to position status.

9. A. Statement of the problem: Is the status of employment of LGU personnel correlated with
their extent of conformance to ISO 9001:2008?
Hypothesis: there is no significant correlation on the status of employment of LGU and their
extent of conformance.

B.
Correlations
Regular
Regular Pearson Correlation

Casual

.876

Sig. (2-tailed)

.052

N
Casual

Pearson Correlation

.876

Sig. (2-tailed)

.052

C. Significant value .876 denotes that there is good correlation on the status of employment
of LGU personnel and their extent of conformance to ISO 9001:2008

10. A. statement of the problem: Is the length of service of LGU personnel correlated with
their extent of conformance to ISO 9001:2008?
Hypothesis: There is no significant correlation on the length of service of LGU personnel and
their extent of conformance to ISO 9001:2008.
B.
Chi-Square Tests
Value

Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)

df

Pearson Chi-Square

56.139a

.000

Likelihood Ratio

55.164

.000

Linear-by-Linear
Association

18.826

.000

N of Valid Cases

172

a. 2 cells (16.7%) have expected count less than 5. The

minimum expected count is 3.58.

C. Significance value is .000 denotes that there is high significant correlation on the length of
service of LGU personnel and their extent of conformance to ISO 9001:2008. This implies that
the length of service is associated to their extent of conformance to ISO 9001:2008.
11. A. Statement of hypothesis: Is there a significant difference on the extent of conformance of
LGU personnel to ISO 9001:2008 when they are grouped according to age?
Hypothesis: there is no significant difference on the extent of conformance of LGU
personnel to ISO 9001:2008 when they are grouped according to age.
B.
Between-Subjects Factors
Value Label
Age

1.00

10-25 yrs old

2.00

26-40 yrs old

3.00

41 and up

Tests of Between-Subjects Effects

Dependent Variable:Adaptation
Source

Type III Sum

of Squares

df

Mean Square

5.557a

234.038

Age

5.557

2.778

Error

6.233

12

.519

Total

245.828

15

11.790

14

Corrected
Model
Intercept

Corrected Total

2.779

Sig.

5.349

.022

234.038 450.578

.000

a. R Squared = .471 (Adjusted R Squared = .383)

5.349

.022

Multiple Comparisons
Adaptation
LSD

(I) Age

(J) Age

10-25 yrs old 26-40 yrs old

95% Confidence Interval

Sig.

Lower Bound Upper Bound

.7900

.45581

.109

-.2031

1.7831

-.7000

.45581

.151

-1.6931

.2931

-.7900

.45581

.109

-1.7831

.2031

-1.4900*

.45581

.007

-2.4831

-.4969

10-25 yrs old

.7000

.45581

.151

-.2931

1.6931

26-40 yrs old

1.4900*

.45581

.007

.4969

2.4831

41 and up
26-40 yrs old 10-25 yrs old
41 and up
41 and up

Mean
Difference (IJ)
Std. Error

Based on observed means.

The error term is Mean Square(Error) = .519.
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
C. The above table showed that the significant difference lies between age 10-15 years old and
above 41 years old and between 26-40 years old and above 41 years old.
There is a significant difference observed when comparing ages 10-15 years old, 26-40
years old and 41 years old and above.