BER Analysis and Performance of MIMO-OFDM

System using BPSK Modulation Scheme

For Next Generation Communication Systems

Presented by: Mr. NIMAY CHANDRA GIRI

Dept. of ECE

CONTENTS

OBJECTIVE
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
MIMO TRANSMITTER & RECIEVER WITH RESULTS
BPSK SYSTEM
OFDM TECHNIQUE WITH RESULTS
MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM
SINGLE-CARRIER VS. MULTI-CARRIERS
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
FUTURE SCOPE
REFERENCES
PUBLICATION
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OBJECTIVE

MIMO System: high data rates & increased capacity of the system
OFDM Technique: reduced Multi path fading, ICI and ISI &
provide Multi-carrier Orthogonal Signals.
BPSK Modulation: Long distance transmission & used in each
block of IDFT/IFFT of MIMO-OFDM model for mapping data
streams.
In this thesis Work, I compare the BER vs. SNR of MIMO-OFDM
System using BPSK modulation, and performance of MIMOOFDM system for 4G networks.

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INTRODUCTION

o
o

MIMO-OFDM is a hot topic in today modern wireless communication since all

wireless technologies like PAN, LAN, W-LAN, MAN, W-MAN & WAN.
In the 1980s, MIMO-OFDM has been studied for high-speed transmission.
MIMO System have multiple inputs and multiple outputs antennas.
Multiplexing Gain => Spectral efficiency increases
Diversity Gain => Combats Fading
Interference Reduction Gain => Capacity increases
OFDM = Orthogonal FDM ( It was invented during World War-II, 1939-1945
80Hz of frequency used)
OFDM is a combination of Modulation & Multiplexing techniques.
OFDM is a multicarrier block transmission system.
Block of N symbols are grouped and sent parallely.
No interference among the data symbols sent in a block.
MIMO System and OFDM Modulation Technique
Air-interface (ICI & ISI) solutions
More Flexibility, Capacity & Efficiency
More numbers of carriers
4
Increase data rates and SNR with reducing BER.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Title of Papers

Authors name

Year

Work done

Performance analysis of
various equalizer for ISI
reduction in MIMOOFDM system.

Yashvant Dhiwar, Rakesh

Mandal

2014

ISI reduction using

Equalization technique
(ZF, MMSE)

Analysis Of Reduction In
Complexity Of MIMOOFDM System.

Sabitha Gauni, Kumar

Ramamoorthy

2014

CFO estimation and

correction by the help of
ML estimator.

Design of MIMO OFDM

SDM Systems for High
Speed Data
Transmission

Betsy Jose, Mr. B. Satish

Kumar

2014

BER reduction and high

data rates by using 2*2
MIMO-OFDM system,
MATLAB

2014

using QO-STBC method

for channel equalization &
BER reduction

2013

BER performance is
analyzed using BPSK &
OFDM-BPSK modulation
technique
5

BER analysis of various

channel equalization in
OFDM based MIMO
CDMA system

Husnul Ajra,
Md. Zahid Hasan,
Md. Shohidul Islam

Bit Error Rate

Performance of BPSK
Modulation and OFDMBPSK with Rayleigh
Multipath Channel
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M. Divya

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MIMO ANTENNAS CONFIGURATION

16/07/2014

Here MT transmit and MR receive antennas with input data stream is S and output
data stream is Y.
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MIMO SYSTEM MODEL

j

s1
User data
stream s

.
.

s2
.
.
sMT

s
Transmitted
vector

h11
h21
.
.
Channel
Matrix H

y1
y2
.

User data
stream y

yMR .
y
Received
vector

y = Hs +

hij is a Complex Gaussian random

variable that models fading gain
between the ith transmit and jth
receive antenna

Where

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SHANNONS CHANNEL CAPACITY (C)

Given a unit of BW (Hz), the max error-free transmission rate is

C =B log2(1+SNR) bits/s/Hz

For MIMO the capacity is given by the following equation:

C =M*B log2(1+SNR) bits/s/Hz
&
SNR= 10log10(Eb/N0)

Where M(or N) is the minimum number of transmitting antennas (NT) or

number of receiving antennas (NR), M= min(NT , NR ).

High Data rate

Achieve

Channel Capacity (C)

Quality

Minimize Probability of Error (Pe)

Increase efficiency
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MIMO CAPACITY
With increase number of antennas the capacity of the system also increases.
MIMO Capacity
25
Shannon Capacity
MIMO, NT=NR=1
MIMO, NT=NR=2
MIMO, NT=NR=3
MIMO, NT=NR=4

Capacity (bit/s/Hz)

20

15

10

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10
12
SNR(dB)

14

16

18

Cn=n*C1
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BER PERFORMANCE OF A MIMO SYSTEM

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BER ANALYSIS OF BPSK MODULATOR

To generate random binary number(0 or 1) Bernoulli Binary Generator is used
in Simulink Model.

Tx
Bernoulli
Binary

BPSK

Bernoulli Binary
Generator

BPSK
Modulator
Baseband

AWGN

AWGN
Channel

BPSK
BPSK
Demodulator
Baseband

Error Rate
Calculation
Rx
Error Rate
Calculation

0
Display

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RESULT ANALYSIS OF BPSK USING MATLAB

SIMULINK
SL. NO.

NAME OF PARAMETERS

DESCRIPTION

1.

Channel Type

AWGN

2.

Probability Error

0.5

3.

Initial seed

61

4.

Sample time

5.

Phase offset

6.

Signal to Noise Ratio

4.2 dB

7.

Input Signal Power

8.

Symbol Period

9.

Target no. of Error

100

10.

Maximum no. Symbols

1e6

11

Modulation

BPSK

12

Error

0.076
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SINGLE CARRIER VS. MULTICARRIERS TRASMISSION

Multi-carrier Modulation

Multi-carrier De-Modulation

Multi-carrier modulations that use orthogonal waveform for modulating

the sub-carriers are called
orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) schemes.
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ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (OFDM)

OFDM is a technology that we split a wide frequency band into many small
frequencies and carry data onto each of these sub carriers. This is the meaning
of 'Frequency Division'.

Since all the data on each of these

subcarriers
are
transmitted
simultaneously, =>'Multiplexing'.

This spacing provides the orthogonality.

Most popular solution for OFDM are

Multi path, ICI & ISI by transmitting the
Data parallel with longer period, Guard
interval & Cyclic prefix.
Alternate
solution:
Multi-carrier
Modulation (MCM) where channel is
broken up into sub bands or subcarrier
such that the fading over each sub channel
becomes flat thus eliminating the problem
of ISI.

Multi carrier modulation=> FDMA & OFDM

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HOW OFDM WORKS

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OFDM MATHEMATICS

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MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM MODEL

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OFDM IN CELLULAR SYSTEM

OFDM extends directly to MIMO channels with the IFFT/FFT and CP
operations being performed at each of the transmit and receive antennas.

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MODULATION AND MAPPING

BPSK-Modulation

16-QAM

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SERIES AND PARALLEL CONCEPT

In OFDM system design, the series and parallel converter to realize the
concept of parallel data transmission.
It solves the Multipath Fading in the channel

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PILOT INSERTIONS/SUBCARRIERS
It is a single frequency, transmitted over communication system for
supervisory, control, synchronization the signal and help to carry the signal
towards IFFT/IDFT in faster. It is inserted in Subcarrier of OFDM signals.

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INTERFERENCES
Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI)

ICI means that the orthogonality

between different subchannels
or Sub-carriers in the OFDM
signal is destroyed/ lossed.

ISI causes the

Orthogonality.

It is avoided by using Cuclic

Extension in the OFDM signals.

ICI Caused by Delay spread >

guard interval or CP

Solution; CP> Path delay spread

loss

of

Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI)

ISI is induced in a signal when it

passes through a frequencyselective Channel .
It is avoided by using Guard
interval (Tg)
By assuming the same data rate:
For Single-carrier
Bs > Bc => interference, ISI
(Frequency selective fading)
Multicarrier
Bs < Bc => No interference (Flat
fading)

CP, Convert a linear convolution channel into a circular

convolution channel. CP overcome the Orthogonality losses of signal
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REDUCTION OF ICI AND ISI IN OFDM SYSTEM

Signal in time domain

CP is the copy of the last portion of Data symbol, used to eliminate ICI &
ISI avoid by guard interval (Tg)/CP OFDM symbols (Tg> Delay spread).
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IFFT & FFT OPERATION

Time domain signals are represent in frequency domain (Spectrum) for

transmition of signal in to air. It can be generated by Fourier transform.
IFFT at the transmitter & FFT at the receiver side. These has faster
computation as compare to IDFT & DFT.
IFFT converts a signal from frequency to time domain where as FFT do
reverse.
IFFT & FFT operation ensures that sub-carriers are don't interfere with each
other.

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ORTHOGONALITY

OFDM system signals are overlap and orthogonal to one another. As a result,
OFDM systems are able to maximize spectral efficiency and high data rate
without causing adjacent channel interference. Orthogonality of carriers is lost
when multipath channels are involved.

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BER ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF OFDM TECHNIQUE

Error = 0.0340 (OFDM)

1
0.8
0.6
0.4

Amplitude

0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1

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BLUE LINE -after

100

150
Sample Number

200

250

300

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transmission & RED LINE after demodulation

350

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OFDM PARAMETERS STANDARDS

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BER VS. SNR OF OFDM SYSTEM WITH BPSK SCHEME.

Error = 0.0340 (OFDM)

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BER OF OFDM SIMULATION RESULT WITH BPSK

These above value helps for BER Analysis and mapping of bit stream in
OFDM system.
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ADVANTAGES

High data rates in wireless access

High Quality of service
More Flexibility, Capacity
Spectral Efficient
More numbers of carriers
Interference reduction
Maximum utilization of spectrum
Coexistence with current and future systems
Link reliability
Sensitivity

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MIMO-OFDM STANDARDS & APPLICATIONS

IEEE 802.11n (MIMO) Systems

IEEE 802.11a (OFDM) Systems

IEEE 802.11a&g (WLAN) systems

IEEE 802.11a&b (WMAN) systems

IEEE 802.16a (WiMAX) systems

Wireless network
Use more frequency spectrum
Next generation network (4G)
Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX, W-MAN
Digital-TV
Power-line control
DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting)
DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting)
DMT (Discrete MultiTone systems)
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CONCLUSION

In this thesis work, the basic concepts of a MIMO-OFDM

system with relevant design and performance parameters in
theoretical & practical are studied. The generalized block
diagram of a basic MIMO-OFDM system which includes a
number of transmitting and receiving antennas at the both
ends to maximize data rates and efficiency of the system has
been explained in brief. Further, the BER is reduced and
performance analysis of MIMO-OFDM systems with BPSK
modulation has been covered in this thesis.

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FUTURE SCOPE
The BER performance of MIMO-OFDM system with various
equalizers can be optimized with different bio-inspired
optimization techniques.
The BER
Performance of MIMO-OFDM system can be
analyzed by using Channel Estimation (LMS, RLS and RLMS)
Algorithm.
Performance of MIMO-OFDM system can be applicable in
Video Broadcasting, Radio Processing and Speech Processing
in Wireless communication System.
MIMO-OFDM for 4G network using LTE, Advanced LTE,
Time space coding, MIMO-WiMAX, MIMO-OFDM Li-Fi

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REFERENCES
[1] Yashvant Dhiwar and Rakesh Mandal, Performance Analysis of Various Equalizers for ISI reduction in MIMO-OFDM
System, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (IJRAT), vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 16-20, March. 2014.
[2] Sabita Gauni and Kumar Ramamoorthy, Analysis of Reduction in Complexity of MIMO-OFDM Systems with
Frequency Offset Estimation and correction, Journal of Computer Science (JCS), Vol. 10, No.2, pp.198-209, 2014.

[3] Betsy Jose and Mr. B. Satish Kumar, Design of MIMO-OFDM SDM Systems for High Speed Data Transmission,
International Journal of Information & Computation Technology (IJICT), Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 1-8, 2014.
[4] H. Ajra, Md. Zahid Hasan, and Md. Shohidul Islam, BER Analysis of Various Channel Equalization Schemes of a QOSTBC Encoded OFDM based MIMO CDMA System, International Journal Computer Network and Information
Security (IJCNIS), Vol.3, No.4, pp.30-36, 2014.
[5] Mr. Atul Subgh Kushwah, Performance Analysis of 2*4 MIMO-MC-CDMA in Rayleigh Fading Channel ZF-decoder,
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), Vol. 8, Issue 4, pp. 1-4, Feb. 2014.
[6] Mr. Sivanagaraju and Dr. Siddaiah,Comprehensive Analysis of BER and SNR in OFDM Systems, International
Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (IJIRCCE), Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp. 30593065, Feb. 2014.
[7] N. Achra, G. Mathur, and R.P. Yadav, Performance Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System for Different Modulation
Schemes under Various Fading Channels, International Journal of Advanced

Research in Computer and

Communication Engineering (IJARCCE), Vol. 2, Issue 5, pp. 2098-2103, May. 2013.

[8] S. Kumar and Deepak Kedia, Study and Performance Analysis of a General MIMO-OFDM System for Next
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Generation Communication Systems, International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology
(IJECCT), Vol. 3, Issue 5, pp. 460-463, Sept. 2013.
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REFERENCES
[9] M.Divya, BER performance of BPSK modulation and OFDM-BPSK with Rayleingh multipath channel, IJEAT, vol. 2,
Issue 4, pp. 623-626, April. 2013.
[10] P. Wadhwa and G. Gupta, BER Analysis & Comparison of Different Equalization Techniques for MIMO-OFDM
System, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJARCSE), Vol. 3,
Issue 6, pp. 1682-1688, June 2013.
[11] M. Abu Faisal, M. Hossain and Shaikh E. Ulaah, Perfomance Evaluation of a Antenna MC-CDMA System on Color
Image Transmission under Implementation of Various Signal Detection Techniques, International Journal of Advanced
Science and Technology (IJAST), Vol. 41, pp. 71-82, April. 2012.
[12] N. Sood, A.K. Sharma, and M. Uddin, BER Performance of OFDM-BPSK and QPSK Over Generalized Gamma Fading
Channel, International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA), Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 13-16, June 2010.
[13] Amitava Ghosh and Tim Thomas, LTE-Advanced: Next generation wireless broadband technology, IEEE Trans.
commun., pp. 10-22, June 2010.
[14] K. Ben Letaief and Ying Jun, Dynamic multiuser resource allocation and adaptation for wireless systems, IEEE Trans.
Commun., vol. 57, pp. 38-47, Aug. 2006.
[15] Wei Zhang and Xiang Gen Xia, Space-time/frequency coding for MIMO-OFDM in Next generation broadband wireless
systems, IEEE Wireless Commun., pp. 32-43, Aug. 2007.
[16] Helmut Bolcskel and ETH Zurich, MIMO-OFDM wireless systems, IEEE wireless commun. Vol. 64, pp. 31-37, Aug.
2006.

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PUBLICATION

Nimay Ch. Giri, Rupanita Das and SK Mohammed Ali, BER Analysis And
Performance Of Mimo-ofdm System Using BPSK Modulation Scheme For Next
Generation Communication Systems, International Journal of Engineering Sciences
& Research Technology (IJESRT), Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 1622-1629, March 2014.

Nimay Chandra Giri, Shanaz Aman and Debaraj Rana, BER and Performance of
MIMO System for Wireless Communication, Emergent Trends in Computing and
Communication (ETCC), Vol. 4, May 2014.

Nimay Ch. Giri1, Anwesha Sahoo2, J. R. Swain3, P. Kumar4, A. Nayak5, P.

Debogoswami6 Capacity & Performance Comparison of SISO and
MIMO System for Next Generation Network (NGN), IJARCET, Vol. 3,
Issue 9, Sept. 2014.

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THANK YOU

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ANY QUERY ?

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