English homework

Name: Alexander

Group: 2MM6

Activity: 2.4.5.1

Topic: Writing An
article

Why do people with motor impairment

in legs need a small electric vehicle?
By Alexander Peregrina Ochoa
Abstract
In this article, science, society and engineering was used to analyze why a
people with motor impairment needs a small electric car. A comparison between
combustion and electric vehicles was used to determinate the benefits of electric
vehicles for a legs crippled person. The results presents a possible solution for
the problem of transportation and independence for a crippled person. In
conclusion the vehicle submitted give independence and security for a crippled
person for transportation.

Introduction
The situation for people is a problem that occurs throughout the world. They need
to meet the same needs as everyone as eating, get moving, communicating,
among
others.
This
article
aims
to
provide
an
alternative
transport by a manual or electric traction to travel distances covering
certain needs saving time, some examples are: visit a close relative, make
basic and necessary daily activities in the same area (on concrete and
pavement), shopping for a living, among others, providing some independence
to the user.
It is known that both elderly people and children with these disabilities
require constant supervision, so it is a good idea to put a tracking system
(GPS) to get a sense of global positioning coordinates of the vehicle. It is also
essential to have a human machine interface (HMI) that provides information
about the vehicle such as speed, distance and charge of the batteries.
Currently, is possible to find similar
products in the global market to this
project. A clear example is the brand
DaVinci Mobility [4] based in Europe,
which since 2013 offers Electric
Assist Handcycle [5] (see figure 1)
which it has a manually propulsion
system with 8 speeds and contains
an electric motor implemented as
support. All this integrated into a
wheelchair.
Figure 1 Electric

Assist Handcycle

English homework
Name: Alexander

Group: 2MM6

Activity: 2.4.5.1

Topic: Writing An
article

Handcycle manual version is also available (see Figure 2), with 18 speeds, disc
brake hydraulic system, 20-inch wheels, aluminum body, and a carrying
capacity of 120 kg activated. Priced at $ 741.9USD [6].

Figure 2 Handcycle Manual version

Another design that can be taken of reference is the project called INTI [7]. It was
developed by the Center for Technologies for Health and Disability of Argentina.
It is a tricycle-vehicle's that can be driven from a wheelchair, does not use fuel as
it is. Its a one hundred percent electric vehicle that can be charged at home on
a 220V outlet. Therefore, it does not emit polluting gases and can operate both
indoors and public. Its normal speed are between 30 and 40 km / h. The battery
has a duration of 4 hours. (See figure 3).

Figure 3 INTI Project

English homework
Name: Alexander

Group: 2MM6

Activity: 2.4.5.1

Topic: Writing An
article

Advantages and Disadvantages of Electric vehicles.

Benefits:
This vehicle does not emit pollutants into the environment gases.
No waste presented as oils, filters, spare parts, etc. Then, it could contaminate
the environment.
Can be used in 2 ways: either with a hybrid engine (using combustion and
electricity) or only electric one.
The cars that use petroleum fuel, yield around 800 km per tank being the cost
$60 USD. Electric cars yield approximately 400 Km, which are priced at $ 7 USD.
Disadvantages:
They have little autonomy, usually no more than 8 hrs.
Need a charging time, leading to the vehicle is stopped.
The battery cannot be charged anywhere.
They are low power.
Small in size.
In our country there is no aftermarket.
Has a high price.
Efficiency: Traditional Vehicles VS Electric Vehicles
Energy efficiency is the ratio of useful energy (or energy generated) and the
energy consumed (or energy supplied). It can also be defined as the ratio
between the useful work obtained with the operation of the machine and the work
consumed by the machine. Indeed, efficiency and performance are equivalent. In
this article we look at the amount of energy consumed by a car with a combustion
engine and electric motor car to travel 100 km.
Do the same work and consume less energy
The consumption of a car with a combustion engine, gasoline or diesel. In
Europe, often is given in liters / 100 km. The consumption of an electric car is
expressed in kWh / 100 km. Its very difficult to compare them. Therefore we must
express both in the same units of energy. In the international system that is the

English homework
Name: Alexander

Group: 2MM6

Activity: 2.4.5.1

Topic: Writing An
article

joule (J), or the Megajoule (MJ), one million (106) Joules. Let's start with internal
combustion engines:
A liter of petrol has an energy between 32.18 and 34.78 MJ.
A liter of oil gas (diesel) has an energy between 35.86 and 38.65 MJ.
Its hard to give an exact figure because not all gasoline and diesel are equal.
The density of gasoline and the density of diesel are not identical everywhere,
and it vary slightly.
Observe that the oil has an energy between 10 and 11% more per liter than
gasoline (this partly explains why a diesel car spends less-liter petrol car).
For the electric motor conversion is faster and more accurate: 1 kWh is 3.6 MJ.
Consumed energy by three Renault Fluence vehicles (gasoline, diesel, and
electric) in travel 100km compared.
Data:
Renault Fluence 1.6 petrol 16 v 110 hp, manual transmission. The combined
consumption according approval is 6.8 l / 100 km, but the average real
consumption according Spritmonitor is 7.6 l / 100 km.

Figure 4 Renault Fluence with internal combustion engine

Renault Fluence diesel 1.5 dCi 110 hp, automatic transmission. The combined
consumption according approval is 4.4 l / 100 km, but the average real
consumption according to Spritmonitor is 5.7 l / 100 km

Figure 5 Renault Fluence electric version

English homework
Name: Alexander

Group: 2MM6

Activity: 2.4.5.1

Topic: Writing An
article

The consumption of
a Renault Fluence
Z.E. (electric)
varies with
conditions (which
also happens in a
car with a
combustion engine,
between city and
highway, but in
reverse):
In city driving calmly,
the consumption is
14.4 kWh / 100km.
On the highway at 120 km / h, the consumption is 18.5 kWh / 100 km.
In the worst cases covered by Renault, high speed and high consumption of heating or
air conditioning, autonomy can be in only 80 km. As the battery stores 22 kWh, that
would mean a consumption of 27.5 kWh / 100 km.
By the way, one last point: the electric Renault Fluence weighs about 300 kg more than
a thermal Fluence, which places it in a somewhat unfavorable comparative position.
Comparing the energy consumed by each

Gasoline Renault Fluence consumed 7.6 l / 100 km equal to 244.57 MJ / 100 km

- 264.33 MJ / 100 km.
Diesel Renault Fluence 5.7 l / 100 km equal to 204,40 MJ / 100 km - MJ100
220.31 km.
Electric Renault Fluence: 18.5 kWh / 100 km equal to 66.6 MJ / 100 km.
The electric car, still weighing nearly 300 kg more, and thus was forced to make
some more effort or work to move those 100 miles away, consumed from 3.67 to
3.97 times less than the car with gasoline engine and 3.07 to 3.31 times less than
the diesel-powered car.
That is, an electric car consumes nearly a quarter of a gasoline car, and a third
of a diesel car.
Even in the worst case the electric car, this is still consuming less: 27.5 kWh /
100 km equal to 99 MJ / 100 km. This consumption is still half the diesel
consumption.

English homework
Name: Alexander

Group: 2MM6

Activity: 2.4.5.1

Topic: Writing An
article

Extrapolating this to legs crippled persons.

Proposed Solution
It has been decided to design a vehicle to transport a person with a mass not
exceeding 100 kg in local transits (streets and paved avenues with speeds up to
25 km / h) with possible motive deficiency in legs, through a system of double
traction (mechanical and electrical). The following explains in more detail the
possible proposed solution, separating the functional composing the project.
Locomotion System.
This functional area of the project is responsible for providing the necessary
elements for the vehicle to be able to move from one place to another in local
transits.
The vehicle will have three wheels (tricycle), two rear wheels coupled in parallel
traction charge via an electric motor and chain drive to the rear axle and a front
wheel steering and providing mechanical drive means of a handle having a
sprocket (sprocket) where two levers giving rotation to the front wheel through a
chain connecting the sprocket with a pinion on the axis of rotation of the front
wheel are coupled. For proper operation of the vehicle will feature a differential
gear on the rear axle to allow spinning without the need of a skid or slip. In the
next picture tricycle configuration to use for the project is shown.
The vehicle will have two chain drive systems, one for the rear wheel and one for
the front. Such transmission systems provide the reduction required to increase
the torque that is provided to the axes of rotation giving the vehicle the ability to
be driven manually or electrically.

Figure 6 Chain drive

Then an approximate design to that shown arises.

English homework
Name: Alexander

Group: 2MM6

Activity: 2.4.5.1

Topic: Writing An
article

Figure 7 Handbike Sram Dual Drive near the proposed

design.

Parameter Measurement System and

Human Machine Interface.
This part of the project will be responsible
for providing the information necessary for
proper control, such as the vehicle speed,
distance traveled, the load capacity of the
batteries, the current consumed, among
others. Many of these parameters are
displayed on a human machine interface.
The information displayed on the human
machine interface is or mileage distance
traveled by an odometry system through
econders located on the rear axle, as
vehicle speed, plus the available battery
charge time estimated or percentage. All this information will be refreshed in a
given time interval making the user see the most current information.
The human machine interface could serve as a security system which would
require the password to the ignition. Examining the options, it can be an
application for smart cell phone or tablet, or touch screen, among other options
as shown in the following figure.

Figure 8 Tablet for possible implementation of the HMI.

Location system.
The vehicle will have a tracking system, by means of a
GPS module as shown in the figure below, or through
some clever device with GPS, which provide their
position at the last moment in which it was used. There
is information will drain into a database that could be
consulted
in
some
massive network like
the Internet, or another
possibility would be to
send the position that you are in a text message to one of
the family by means of a GSM module.

Figure 9 GPS
module

English homework
Name: Alexander

Group: 2MM6

Activity: 2.4.5.1

Topic: Writing An
article

Power System
For vehicle power system will require the use
of lighter batteries with high capacity to
provide the energy necessary to the engine
and control system and electronic. This
requires the use of arrays of lithium battery
cells as shown in the next image, which
would be as efficient as they provide large
power capacity with low weight, its ability to
be calculated based on the power necessary.

Figure 10 LiFePo4 36V 30AH battery

In conclusion, for this kind of persons is very

useful an electric vehicle to recover their needs and obtain independence. Also
is more efficiently and electric car than other types.

Referencies:

http://www.davincimobility.com/#!handcycles-handbikes/cvck
http://orbitvu.co/001/PmfzMcLossGunfgAMKt5E5/ov3601/2/view
http://bike-on.com/product/hase-kettwiesel-handcycle-618.htm
http://www.argentina.ar/temas/ciencia-y-tecnologia/20906-inti-vehiculoelectrico-para-desplazarse-en-silla-de-ruedas
http://www.motorpasionfuturo.com/coches-electricos/hablemos-deeficiencia-coche-de-combustion-vs-coche-electrico