Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Oriental Region
ECONOMY
INDUSTRY
TRANSPORT
TOURISM
CONSTRUCTION
REAL ESTATE
TELECOMS & IT
EDUCATION
AGRICULTURE
ORIENTAL CONTENTS
ISBN 978-1-907065-77-4
Editor-in-Chief: Andrew Jeffreys
Editorial Director: Peter Grimsditch
Chairman: Michael Benson-Colpi
Director of Field Operations: Elizabeth
Boissevain
Regional Editor: Robert Tashima
Editorial Manager: Willem Oosterveld
Regional Director: Karine Loehman
Country Director: Miranda Stobbs
Project Coordinator: Mahmoud El
Hafoudi
Nothings quiet on
the eastern front
Page 5
The Oriental regions economy has traditionally relied on agriculture, industry and mining.
Infrastructure upgrades, including a highway
running from Oujda to Fez, implemented over
the last 10 years are expected to boost the
tourism sectors contribution to the mix.
de lOriental
17 Rural potential: Niche tourism is offering
A welcome facelift
Page 21
With the Oujda Urban Development Plan 201016, the region's capital city is undergoing a
transformation, which will include 56 projects
aimed at improving the city at a total cost of
Dh2.1bn (186.7m). Residential and commercial spaces will be built to meet demand. The
iconic train station is also being restored in the
hopes of adding to the citys historic appeal.
ORIENTAL OVERVIEW
ORIENTAL OVERVIEW
based on 2009 figures. This is a challenge that authorities face when trying to improve the governance of
local businesses and structures, especially in their
efforts to spur greater investment and activity. Banking credit and capital investment in equity, which can
be harnessed to help grow local businesses, require strict
transparency rules. Many companies in the region are
family-owned and have part of their business in the
informal sector, and it can take a long time to integrate
them into the formal sector and encourage them to
become more transparent, said Ali Belhaj, the president of the regional council.
TACKLING ISSUES: Such a high figure for informal
activity is not surprising nor particularly unique to the
region estimates of the informal economy in Morocco can range well above one-third of total activity. In a
lot of ways, the challenges of the Eastern Region remain
the same as other regions in Morocco, bar for the fact
that, for several years, these have been compounded
by its isolation and insufficient economic integration
with other more developed parts of the kingdom.
Unemployment is also an issue in a region that has
for years contributed heavily to the Moroccan diaspora, especially in Europe, where about 1m emigrating
Moroccans are from the Eastern Region. As a result, a
number of broader national strategies should also help
unshackle growth drivers in the Oriental to varying
degrees. The Green Morocco Plan launched to develop the agricultural sector is being translated into a
ORIENTAL OVERVIEW
Construction
83%
2%
Tourism
4%
Commerce
3%
Services
2%
Industry
6%
ORIENTAL OVERVIEW
The Oujda Angads Airport is the larger of the regions two airports
the longer running some 3000 metres, it has the capacity to receive commercial aircraft. Work was recently
completed on a new 30,000-sq-metre terminal that
has increased the airports capacity to 3m passengers
a year, but airport authorities expect capacity to be
raised to 3m passengers in the coming years. We currently operate at one-fifth of potential capacity, receiving some 600,000-700,000 passengers per year. The
airport can thus be a great generator for economic
development, said Mohcine Benhadouche, manager
of Oujda Angads Airport.
The smaller Nador Aroui International Airport, 24
km south of Nador, can receive up to 750,000 passengers a year and has several daily flights to European
capitals. Also close by is the EU-regulated Melilla airport which has daily connections to several cities in
Spain. In the south, the small Bouarfa aerodrome has
the potential to serve tourism expansion by cutting the
four-hour drive from Oujda to a short flight. This would
give foreign visitors easier access to the Figuig Oasis.
UNDER STUDY: Only one small port serves the region:
the Nador Port at Beni Ansar, which can receive ships
of up to 200 metres and is equipped with five quays.
No. of projets
Investment (Dh m)
0.91
Agro industry
22
419.45
1081
6.81
22
18
57.3
310
Chemicals
30.5
303
58
5067.91
1635
84
157.72
761
Tourism
298.66
225
Commerce
27
240.7
653
Services
19
195.29
256
Total
243
6475.24
5267
www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/country/Morocco
10
ORIENTAL OVERVIEW
and became majority shareholder of a cement factory in Oujda in 1992. Construction activity in the region
has significantly increased since 2004, following the royal decree. Many of the big projects needed a lot of
cement. Now, more projects are private and of a smaller scale, said Khalid Kaaouachi, the director of Holcims
cement production unit in Oujda.
Indeed, while it had been public spending that spurred
the majority of initial development activity, nowadays
construction companies in the region are increasingly
catering to more private projects. Much of the Eastern
Regions urban areas are now being renovated and
increasing the number of affordable housing units has
been one of the priorities.
Partnerships between private and public real estate
operators are helping to build more than 33,000 affordable homes between 2010 and 2020, at a total investment of Dh8.2bn (729m). In the coming years some
14,749 housing units will be built in the prefecture of
Oujda-Angad, along with 11,608 units in the province
of Nador, 4470 in the province of Berkane and over 2000
units in the town of Jerada.
FINDING THE EDGE: Smaller roads in a number of the
regions provinces are also currently under renovation.
Competition between local construction companies is
pushing prices down and affecting revenues.
Prices offered for projects have decreased, said
Noureddine El Gourdi, the administrative chief for
Socit D & CRB, an Oriental-based construction group.
ORIENTAL OVERVIEW
Despite being dogged by a slow start and construction delays, Sadia is already having an impact on diversifying tourist arrivals in the Eastern Region. Before
the opening of the Sadia Resort, visitors to the region
were 51% Moroccans and 49% foreigners, Amine Abdellaoui, the regional delegate for tourism told OBG. Now
the mix of nationalities is slowly changing, and 67% of
tourist arrivals to the region in 2012 were foreigners.
SEASONAL EFFECTS: Moroccans living abroad have
long been an important component of the visitor profile (in fact they are counted as foreigners for tourism
purposes), but the resort has had some notable success in boosting the number of European travellers
over the past two years, with new tourists from Poland
and Russia brought in by charter flights to the Oujda
Angads Airport in the summer. Seasonality remains one
of the main challenges of the resort, which has an 84%
occupancy rate in the summer months, but drops to
34% during the remainder of the year, which is considerably below the average yearly occupancy rates for
hotels across the country. Sadia is the regions calling card, but we need to develop additional products
11
10
8
6
4
2
0
Citrus Olives
Vine
Sugar
Cereals
12
ORIENTAL OVERVIEW
Human resource training through new hotel schools will be key in the development of regional tourism
tourism, several other regional attributes can be developed for smaller-scale niche tourism. This will help
diversify tourism in the Eastern Region, protecting it
from the volatility that has affected other major tourist
destinations such as Sousse and Hammamet in Tunisia,
and should also have a positive impact on the more isolated areas to the south. Authorities have identified over
30 specific sites that could be developed to expand the
benefits of tourism to other areas inland from the
Mediterranean coast (see analysis).
The size of the Marchica and Sadia projects can
support the regions economic growth. However, given the hesitant nature of lenders in Europe and the
US, authorities might find attracting private capital
to be harder than initially planned. This may potentially delay the completion of the two projects past
their established deadlines. Another challenge for
the local tourism sector will be to train enough skilled
labour to support the Marchica and Sadia projects.
The Sadia Hotel School trains between 80 and 100
students a year. Added to this is the countrys Bureau
for Professional Training and Employment Promotion,
which opened an office in Nador to respond to the
future needs of the Marchica Med resort.
OFFSHORING: The regions geographic proximity to
Europe is advantageous for activities other than tourism,
with the government targeting increased investment
in information technology (IT), and in offshoring and
nearshoring in particular, which all offer the potential
for job creation and improved tertiary sector activity.
The expansion of the IT services sector is already part
of the PNEI, which aims to position the kingdom as a
key destination for the sector, and includes a target for
outsourcing to create 70,000 new direct employment
positions between 2009 and 2015.
In the Oriental region, offshoring activity got a boost
from the arrival of SQLI, a French IT services provider
with operations in several European countries. The
company arrived in the regional capital in 2005 under
an agreement with the Universit Mohamed Premier
in Oujda, opening an IT services centre as well as a
research and development unit within the university,
which focused on open source technology. The company currently employs over 100 people in Oujda.
The region expects more activity to come with the
opening of Oujda Shore, an industrial park specifically
for offshoring activities within Oujda Technopole. The
project, managed by MEDZ (a subsidiary of CDG) and
the Ministry of Telecommunications, is set to open in
2013, aiming to attract IT outsourcing companies to
its 22-ha park. The overall investment in Oujda Shore
will be 500m, and the government expects that a
2020
35
77
538,700
676,200
120
46%
35%
14
ORIENTAL OVERVIEW
A greater number of university graduates are staying in the Oriental region to work
ORIENTAL INTERVIEW
15
Mohamed Mbarki
Great expectations
OBG talks to Mohamed Mbarki, Director, Agence de lOriental
To what extent does the closed border with Algeria affect the development of the Oriental region?
MBARKI: Since Moroccan independence in 1956, the
border has been closed more often than it has been
open. Economic experts have identified that this causes up to 2% GDP loss across the Maghreb region. However, the current rate of economic development in the
area has made it less affected by the closed border, particularly in wake of the launch of the royal initiative for
the regions development in 2003.
At the same time, the region should also prepare for
the border to open so as to play a key role in the
Maghreb and indeed to partake in the Euro-Mediterranean region as a whole as well as to reinforce its
links with the national economy. Given the importance
of trans-Mediterranean exports, a port like that of
Nador West Med can play a key role in global shipping
flows and further develop the region as a consequence.
mality to occur. In general though, the economy is gradually formalising, with more young people being attracted to stable jobs in the formal economy.
How can the development of value-adding industries be further encouraged in the region?
MBARKI: For us it is clear industrialisation is key to
development. In creating a strategy, we have focussed
on developing three industrial zones: the first is near
Nador, which is completed and is being commercialised.
With the new port of Nador and the Marchica Med, this
is a key zone for development. Next is the Agropole of
Berkane, built around the clementine business in
Berkane and aimed at creating value-added products.
Finally, the Technopole at Oujda provides an integrated industrial zone to bring about renewable energy
development and environmentally-friendly technologies, and includes an export-oriented offshoring zone.
THE REPORT Morocco 2013
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
17
Rural potential
Niche tourism is offering investment opportunities away from the busy
beach resorts
Much of the Eastern Regions history was founded on
the variety of its attractions, which range from sandy
beaches to desert oases. Now authorities are keen to
create niche tourism projects that help preserve the
natural environment while sustaining local communities through low-impact tourist inflow. Emulating the
success of other sustainable tourism ventures created across regions of the kingdom, notably in the Atlas
Mountains or the desert area of Ouarzazate, the Oriental is seeking to sustain local traditions and expand
the economic growth to its isolated, southern-most
provinces via tourism. Although Morocco has several
established ecotourism circuits that are internationally recognised, these rarely involve the Oriental region,
due to its distance from other tourist hotspots and the
lack of sufficient promotion over the years.
STAYING LOCAL: In a 2012 report analysing the Eastern Regions economic potential, the Oujda Chamber
of Commerce, Industry and Services (Chambre de Commerce dIndustrie et de Services dOujda, CCISO) underlined the potential ecotourism projects based around
the desert and its rural communities as effective ways
to promote growth, as well as to encourage rural populations to stay. In the report, the chamber highlighted the initial potential to draw 1000 to 5000 visitors a
year. These numbers are ostensibly small compared
with the potential of the Mediterranean coast resort
projects to the north, but the regions natural setting
encourages the development of niche products aimed
at higher-end travellers from Europe and the US.
MEETING CHALLENGES: However, existing infrastructure is insufficient to accommodate tourism growth.
Although small compared to the huge undertakings of
the Eastern Regions two beach resorts of Sadia and
Marchica, the government is already channelling investment to the rural areas away from the Mediterranean.
In 2012, Agence de lOriental announced a plan to
invest Dh28m (2.49m) in rural tourism. The main priority of this investment is to rehabilitate existent lodges
in rural areas, as well to build new units. Part of this
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
19
20
Steps to support
infrastructure development
are already being taken in
the Maghreb region, which
includes the Oriental. One
of these was the
announcement in early
2013 of the establishment
of an investment bank by
the Arab Maghreb Union.
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
21
Improved city squares with new shopping areas are being built
A welcome facelift
Revamped centres and development of cultural spaces in the capital
The regions capital city is under renovation with new
roads and low-income housing being built. Located
just 15 km from the countrys border with Algeria, and
home to about 500,000 inhabitants, the city of Oujda
has historically been a trading conduit between Morocco and its eastern neighbour, and serves as the capital of the Oriental region. The city suffered from a lack
of public investment throughout the 1980s and 1990s,
which has resulted in deteriorating housing and transport infrastructure. A component of the regional development strategy is thus the revamping of the city and
the surrounding 82 sq km of greater urbanised area.
PLANS SET: Although work remains to be done, much
is being achieved under the Oujda Urban Development
Plan 2010-16. Led by the Oujda Urban Commune, the
plans stated objective is to give the city a new look and
improve conditions in some of its degraded areas.
Many challenges outlined in the citys development
plan are the result of organic, unplanned growth that
has shaped the capital. Oujda grew mainly through
internal migration from other more rural areas of the
region, which has had a negative impact on some of
the surrounding districts, in terms of economic activity and pressure on infrastructure. The disorganised
urban growth led to insufficient water and electricity
infrastructure, as well as a spate of informal construction. The plan also pinpointed road degradation and the
prevalence of the informal sector as two major challenges to the citys economic development.
The plan designated 56 projects budgeted at a total
cost of Dh2.1bn (186.7m) to improve the city. These
range from urban reconstruction to improving the citys
governance structures. It also established measures
for employment promotion through the renovation of
city spaces and enhancement of its cultural offering.
OUJDA URBA PLE: A big push for the citys urban repositioning will be done through a revamping of one of
its main areas, next to the citys iconic train station. The
Oujda Urba Ple project aims to transform 30 ha of the
city centre. The first phase, budgeted at Dh300m
22
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
23
The Eastern Region has 8.5% of the nations usable agricultural land
24
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
Developing irrigation
systems and aggregating
land into larger farms are
both tactics to help make
the sector more attractive
to private investors. Agroindustrial areas are also
being developed to create
added value.
tonnes of agricultural products a year to the US, Russia, Europe and the Middle East. Increases in the total
area of irrigated land will ultimately allow the firm to
triple production between 2005 and 2014. The group
expects to increase value-added products by adding
orange juice for export, and hopes to take advantage
of government facilities to boost processing activities.
AGROPOLE DE BERKANE: A large part of the efforts
to attract private investment to agriculture has been
directed towards the creation of the Agropole de
Berkane. Construction work was started by King
Mohammed VI in May 2010, and the total cost for the
project is set at Dh473m (42.05m). This 100-ha zone
will be created as an agro-industrial area, focused on
adding value to the regions production through the
creation of an agro-industrial cluster.
The first 52-ha section has already been completed
and 86% of it has been allocated for development by
private companies. The key aim is to attract medium to
large agro-industrial units, with the biggest plots at
around 7000 sq metres in size.
Work on the next 20-ha section is due to start in early 2013. The project is set to include an agro-foods section, an area for the processing of agricultural produce
and a third zone focusing on logistics. Additionally, it
will also include research centres dedicated to training staff as well as product testing.
AGGREGATION: Creating conditions for new investment into the region will be important. Increasing land
aggregation could also have a positive impact on agricultural investment in the Oriental. The fragmentation
of land is posing a problem, in particular for small cooperatives. This is discouraging investment, as some 20%
of the land is made up of micro-plots, said Kantari.
Over the long run, the sector will also benefit from
increased accessibility to export channels. In order to
export our olives we always need to go to Casablanca,
and use the port there, and this reduces our competitiveness. It is a disadvantage for local companies, said
Essenhaji. The regions agriculture sector will thus need
to integrate more to take advantage of its attributes.
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
25
26
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
Oriental increases operating costs because businesses are further from export points. The port of Nador
is underused today. For many companies, raw materials are shipped through Casablanca, which drives up
transportation costs, Nabil El Harti, the logistics director at Midi Peinture, told OBG. But this has been changing with improved connectivity. Recent investments
in road expansion have helped improve the region's links
to our targeted export markets, said Hamid Barda, the
manager of Bled Conserves, an olive exporter based in
Taourirt that sells 80% of its production overseas.
PARKING IT: To promote industrial development, the
government is putting land aside and investing in basic
infrastructure that can facilitate manufacturers to move
into the region, providing turnkey facilities and encouraging clustering. The Med-Est industrial park in Selouane
is being built 12 km from the city of Nador with a total
investment of Dh285m (25.34m). The project, which
is the result of a partnership between MEDZ, a subsidiary
of CDG Dveloppement and the Nador Chamber of
Commerce, Industry and Services, will initially include
142 ha of industrial plots with readily available access
to electricity and basic amenities. The park is focusing
on small to medium companies and relatively undeveloped secondary industries. Each plot is sized between
1000 sq metres and 5000 sq metres. The first section
has been finalised with 72 ha of plots.
However, Med-Est is far from the only such facility in
Morocco, with a number of new zones and parks under
construction or already in operation in more traditional economic areas of the country. To improve its attractiveness to investors, the Selouane park aims to offer
lower rent prices than those in other industrial areas.
According to figures from Agence de lOriental, the
basic price to rent a sq meter for industrial production
will be 44 a year, lower than the 58 per year for a
sq metre of industrial space in Casablanca or the average national price of 60 per year.
SERVING A MULTITUDE OF PURPOSES: Another industrial area, the Oujda Technopole, is working to become
an anchor for the settlement of new businesses in
technology-driven industries. With a total investment
of Dh600m (53.34m), the zone will eventually cover
a total area of 500 ha, to be developed in different stages
and with separate focuses. Within the Oujda Technopark
is Clean Tech, an area dedicated to clean energy technologies. Also operational within the industrial area is
the 22,500-sq-metre Oujda Shore, a Dh180m (16m)
IT business outsourcing area developed by the Ministry
of Communications and managed by MedZ Sourcing,
a MEDZ subsidiary that began operations at the end
of 2012 and aims to take advantage of the regions pool
of young graduates to attract IT businesses.
State programmes are set to further develop workforce capabilities. Inside the Oujda Technopole, Moroccos Bureau for Training and Employment Promotion will
create two human resources training facilities, one for
the energy sector and the other for IT and offshoring.
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
27
Digging it up
Legal reforms and added incentives should boost mining investment
Historically, the exploitation of mineral reserves in the
Eastern Region has played a big role in the economic
performance of the Oriental. It has also shaped the social
fabric of communities. For decades, coal mining was
essential for the livelihood of whole towns, providing
jobs as well energy for the region. Despite a reduction
in minings importance to the local economy, government plans to revive the sector and pay homage to its
significance to the regions identity are set to put the
industry back in a prominent position.
After the discovery of notable deposits in the area,
carbon mining began in 1939. The community of Jerada gained economic growth from mining, initially from
exporting its coal to other regions of the kingdom. In
1971 the new thermo-electric power plant was built
and quickly became the biggest consumer of the regions
coal, which allowed the facility to produce about onethird of Moroccos electricity.
SHIFTING SANDS: Things changed in 1990, however,
with the exhaustion of available coal reserves and the
consequent economic downturn. Further exploration
of potential deposits north-west of the original mine
site revealed a disappointingly lower quantity of minerals than expected. In addition to these bleak prospects,
the selling price of locally mined coal became 2.5 times
more expensive than imported coal.
The mine was eventually closed in 2001, which had
a pervasive effect on local living standards. A report by
the Oujda Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Services classified Jerada as the regions poorest province,
using 2007 figures, with a poverty rate of 22.8%, significantly higher than the 5.4% poverty rate in the Oujda-Angad province or even the 13.8% poverty rate in
the isolated oasis town of Figuig.
Despite losing the lustre it had decades ago, especially in the case of coal production in Jerada, the Eastern Region still accounts for 48% of the countrys lead
production and around 19% of barite output.
LEGAL CHANGES: The mining sector in Morocco
accounts for Dh53.6bn (4.7bn) in exports and employs
28
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
29
Funding growth
A new development fund is putting small businesses on the map
through equity investment
One of the first consequences of the Royal Initiative
for Development of the Oriental Region was the establishment of a fund to invest in the regions small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The Investment Fund
for the Eastern Region (Fonds dInvestissement de la
Rgion de lOriental, FIRO) was designed to buttress governmental investment in infrastructure. While public
spending has often focused on linking transport to
connect the region, the establishment of the FIRO was
geared towards enhancing the private sector and
preparing it for future opportunities of the Oriental.
FOUNDING PRINCIPLES: The fund was set up with the
initial target capital of Dh300m (26.7m) to invest in
local companies with growth potential but insufficient financial muscle. Its innovative public-private
structure works with its fundamental objective of promoting economic growth in the region through the
financing of local business capacity. We must give
the private sector the necessary tools to take advantage of the governments investment efforts, said
Abdelkrim Mehdi, the director-general of the FIRO.
Accessing finance in any emerging market is a complicated task, but setting up an equity fund can be doubly challenging in a region of family-owned firms that
lacks the higher level of financial intermediation prevalent in the kingdoms central coast cities such as Rabat
or Casablanca. However, the FIRO has been able to
present an alternative financing vehicle for businesses that also need better operational and managerial
structures. Before the royal initiative and the heavy
focus on the region, companies did not know what
capital investment was. They were not even used to
accessing bank credit, said Mehdi. Banks in the region
have traditionally accumulated capital in deposits, but
not transferred it towards relevant amounts of credit
issuances to finance the local economy.
A MIXED STRUCTURE: The multiplier effects of improving financing for SMEs, particularly in North Africa
where they comprise the majority of businesses and
account for much economic activity, are huge. Increased
30
ORIENTAL ANALYSIS
Dh60m (5.33m) of investment, a positive record compared with the achievements of the profession: 35 existent capital investment funds have signed 120 operations since the emergence of the capital investment
sector in 1999 in the country.
SEEING THE CHANGE: So far, FIRO has acquired equity participations in three SMEs. First, in 2009, FIRO
bought 30% of Oujda-based FIRO Microwarehouse, an
e-commerce firm focusing on the sale of hardware and
IT that has been operating since 2004. This investment
allowed Microwarehouse to expand its store network.
Then, in 2010 FIRO concluded a shareholders agreement for its stake in Monlait, a dairy products industrial outfit based in Berkane that has been operating
since 1999. The fund acquired 28.33% of the company and has been supporting its strategy of product valorisation and expansion of milk production. It was also
the partnership with FIRO that allowed Monlait to gain
support from a USAID programme to increase the competitiveness of the national economy. In 2012 the milk
producer was awarded a Dh1.6m (142,240) grant for
the acquisition of new industrial equipment, helping
to increase the yield and quality of its products.
The third equity deal, also taking place in 2010,
allowed the Orientals development fund to invest in a
26.66% participation in Midi Peinture, a paint producer based in Oujda. The company has been operating
since 1984 and has FIRO shareholder ownership of
34%. Entering the capital structure of these three
ORIENTAL LISTINGS
31
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