UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

FACULTY OF PHARMACY
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
Principles and Strategies of Teaching in Health Education
TEACHING DEMONSTRATION
VENIPUNCTURE
OBJECTIVES
A. Cognitive Objectives
1. Recognize the

legal

and

ethical

importance

of

proper

patient/sample

identification.
2. Describe the information that should be affixed to a patient sample for
identification purposes.
3. Identify potential sites for venipuncture.
4. Describe the appropriate types of equipment needed to collect various clinical
laboratory blood specimens by venipuncture.
5. Identify the various types of anticoagulants used in blood collection and the
vacuum tube color-codes for these anticoagulants.
6. Describe the appropriate order of drawing additive tubes when performing a
venipuncture.
B. Affective Objectives
1. Reducing pain from patients
2. Considering the age of the patient.
3. Tending to the needs of physically and mentally disabled patients.
C. Psychomotor Objectives
1. Correctly label a tube with the information that should be affixed to a patient
sample for identification purposes.
2. . Locate potential sites for venipuncture on a patient or colleague.
3. Describe and perform the steps in the preparation a puncture site.
4. Perform an acceptable venipuncture of a patient.
VENIPUNCTURE

I.

OVERVIEW
Venipuncture is the process of obtaining intravenous access for the purpose of

intravenous therapy or for blood sampling of venous blood.

II.

PRINCIPLE
Venipuncture is an invasive procedure, which carries a small risk to the patient as well

as to the phlebotomist. The following techniques and procedures are used to minimize these
risks. In addition, procedures for specimen handling are followed in order to preserve specimen
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

FACULTY OF PHARMACY
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
Principles and Strategies of Teaching in Health Education
TEACHING DEMONSTRATION
integrity. Venipuncture is the collection of blood from a vein, usually for laboratory testing. Most
of the time, blood is drawn from a vein located the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand.
The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic).
III.

MATERIALS
A.
Blood collecting trays.
B.
Gloves
C.
Sterile Needles
D.
Push Button Winged butterflies
E.
Evacuated tubes
F.
Tourniquet
G.
Antiseptic
H.
Clean Gauze
I.
Antiseptic

IV.

METHOD
A.
Identify the patient. Outpatients are called into the phlebotomy area and asked
B.
C.

their name and date of birth. This information must match the requisition.
Wash hands and put on gloves.
Position the patient with the arm extended to form a straight-line form shoulder to

D.
E.
F.

wrist.
Select the appropriate vein for venipuncture.
Apply the tourniquet 3-4 inches above the collection site.
Clean the puncture site by making a smooth circular pass over the site with the

G.
H.

70% alcohol pad.

Pull the skin tight with your thumb or index finger just below the puncture site.
Holding the needle in line with the vein, use a quick, small thrust to penetrate the

I.

skin and enter the vein in one smooth motion.

Holding the hub securely, insert the first vacutainer tube following proper order of
draw into the large end of the hub penetrating the stopper. Blood should flow into

J.

the evacuated tube.

After blood starts to flow, release the tourniquet and ask the patient to open his or

K.

her hand.
When blood flow stops, remove the tube by holding the hub securely and pulling
the tube off the needle.

V.

INTERPRETATION:
If a blood sample is not attainable:
A.
Reposition the needle to the median cubital.
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

FACULTY OF PHARMACY
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
Principles and Strategies of Teaching in Health Education
TEACHING DEMONSTRATION
B.

Ensure that the collection tube is completely pushed onto the back of the needle

C.
D.
E.

in the hub.
Use another tube as vacuum may have been lost.
Loosen the tourniquet.
Probing is not recommended. In most cases, another puncture in a site below

F.

the first site is advised.

A patient should never be stuck more than twice unsuccessfully by a
phlebotomist.
The Supervisor should be called to assess the patient.

REFERENCES
A. Books
1. Brown, B. (1993). Hematology: Principles & Procedures 6th edition. Boston:
Williams & Wilkins A Waverly company.
2. Frankel Ph.D, S., Reitman MD, S., & Sonnenwirth PhD, A. (1970). Gradwhohl's
Clinical Laboratory methods & diagnosis 7th edition. Saint Louis: The CV Mosby
Company.
3. Lewis, S., & Bain, B. (2006). Practical Haematology 10th edition. Philadelphia:
Elsevier Ltd.
4. McKenzie, S. (1996). Hematology 2nd edition. Boston: Williams & Wilkins A
Waverly company.
5. Sood, R. (2010). Hematology for students and practitioner 6th edition. New Delhi:
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.

B. Journal Articles
1. Emanuelson,

J. (1997,

February 14).

Needle

Phobia.

Retrieved

from

http://www.phlebotomypages.com/needle_phobia.htm
2. Bacon, BR et al. (2011). Diagnosis and management of hemochromatosis: 2011
practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
C. Internet Sources
1. Romito,

K.

(2012,

October

15).

Phlebotomy.

Retrieved

from

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-zguides/phlebotomy
2. Kieche, EL., et al. (2010). Blood Collection: Routine Venipuncture and Specimen
Handling.

Phlebotomy.

Retrieved

from

http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/PHLEB/PHLEB.html
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

FACULTY OF PHARMACY
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
Principles and Strategies of Teaching in Health Education
TEACHING DEMONSTRATION
3. Joanes, N. (2010). History of Phlebotomy. Phlebotomist Certification: Guide to
Phlebotomy Career. Retrieved from http://thephlebotomycertification.com/historyof-phlebotomy.html

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
TYPE OF EXAM

Arrangement Items

NUMBER OF ITEMS

INSTRUCTION: The following items are followed in performing activated partial thromboplastin
time in the laboratory. Arrange the items in sequential order by using letters A, B, C, D, or E.
__________ 1. Keep the reagent in 37 OC for 10 min
__________ 2. Add 0.1 ml of pre-warmed CaCl2 and mix the contents of the tube.
__________ 3. Start the stop-watch and record the end point.
__________ 4. Add 0.1 ml of plasma and incubate the mixture for 3 min at 37 OC
4

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

FACULTY OF PHARMACY
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
Principles and Strategies of Teaching in Health Education
TEACHING DEMONSTRATION
__________ 5. Add 0.1 ml of PTT reagent
TYPE OF EXAM

Multiple Choice Items

NUMBER OF ITEMS

INSTUCTION: Choose the best answer by encircling the correct letter of your choice.
1. ___________________________________________________________________
a. ____________
b. ____________
c. ____________
d. ____________