Pakistan Studies

Transport & Communication

Means of transport
1) Land : (A) road : mostly used world wide
(B)Railway
(2) Air : (a) Most Expensive and fastest
(b) Most used for passengers
(3) Space : In future
(4) Used for trade mostly
Good transport system means good economics system in the country .

Pakistan Railway
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

No. of railway station = 900

No. of railway halt = 54
Length of railway traders = 8775 kms
Biggest railway station = Lahore
High density railway traders = Punjab
Low density railway traders = Sindh
One railway line in Balochistan (Quetta)
International routes :
Karachi ------- Lahore ---- wagha ---- India
Karachi -------Khairpur Khokrapur ----- India
Karachi -------Quetta-- -- Koh-e-Taftan Iran .

No railway lines in Northern areas of Pakistan

Low population
(9) Service & maintenance center : Sukkhur , Mughal pura , Larkana.
(10) Gauge system
(A) narrow gauge 2.6 ft
(B) Broad gauge 5.6 ft (double lines)
(C) Metic gauge
3.3 ft

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Pakistan Studies

Problems of Pakistan Railway

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Worn out sleepers & track

Out dates engineers
Corruption
Delays in timings
Single track which waste time
Poor reservation system
Un economic station

Improvement in Pakistan Railways

Introduction of fasts train service such as karakoram express , Karachi express ,

shalimaar express.
Changing of single track into double track till khanewaal
Changing of stream engines into diesel engines
Computerized reservation system
Changing of railway sleepers and tracks
Mostly there are metic gauge railway tracks
KCR ( Karachi cuwlas railway)

Roads transport in Pakistan

(20th highest road density in the world)
1) Metalloid (PUCCA) road : In such roads the flow of traffic never stops even in the
rainy season they are carpeted by Bitumen (coal lass) 68 % roads in Pakistan are
metalloid and connecting major cities of Pakistan .
2) Un Metalloid (KUCHA) road : In such roads the flow of traffic completely stops in
rainy seasons. connecting villages of Pakistan and 32 % roads in Pakistan are un
metalloid.

Types of road in Pakistan

1) Village road : connecting villages
district
smaller railway stations.
2) District connecting villages
districts
main markets
larger
railway stations
3) Highways : Karachi port
Hyderabad , Multan , Faislabad , Lahore ,
Rwalapindi , Peshawar , main cities of trade and pessenger movement .
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Pakistan Studies
Motorway:
Speed tracks without motor jams
Overhead bridges to enter in settelments
No road crossings
No signals
Toll roads
Lahore
Islamabad
Peshawar

Important highways of Pakistan

KKH: (karakoram highway)

1966 1978 ------ 105 km
Khyber pass
China : adu
northern areas to southern areas connecting syria
RCT ------- iran and turkey
GT road
India -------- bus service ------- low wages for quetta
chamman
Afghanistan
Peshawar
Khyber pass ------- Afghanistan
Makraan costal highway : Karachi ----- Gwadar it connects all the sea ports of
Pakistan
Indus Highway : River Indus Karachi parallel run connects Peshawar .

There are three major Seaports and one National Shipping Corporation in
Pakistan:
Karachi Port
Port Muhammad Bin Qasim
Gwadar Port (under construction)
Pakistan National Shipping Corporation

Sea Transport

Requirement of Sea Port

Delta or estuary
Geeks
Warm water sea port
Deep water sea port
Moderate climatic conditions e.g. less no. of tropical cyclones
Sheltered harbors
Wharf (berth) The place where ships move
Break water to break the intensity high tides (waves)
Light house it shows the way to the ship at night
Large area of sea water
Linked with major highways & railways .

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03452833634
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Pakistan Studies

Sea trading routes

Pakistan
Far east countries

S.E. Asian Countries {Malaysia , Indonesia , Vietnam , Philippines }

{japan , sounth korea , Taiwan}

Karachi

Honkong (china)

Karachi
Indonesia)

Arabian sea
South china sea

Karachi

Tokyo (japan)

Karachi
Arabian sea
South china sea
Sea of Japan

Bay of Bengal
Strait of Malacca (Malaysia &
Hong kong (china)
largest sea route
Bay Bengal
Strait of Malacca
Tokyo (Japan)

Pakistan
Middle east or Gulf a Arabian countries { KSA , UAE , Behrain , Qatar ,
Kuwait , Iraq }.
Karachi
KSA
Shortest Sea route
Karachi

Arabian Sea

Pakistan

Strait of Hormoz (UAE & Iran)

Europe {UK , France , Germany}

Karachi

London (UK)

Karachi
Egypt

Arabian sea
Golf Of Aden
Red Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Strait of Gibraltar

(Spain & Morocco)

North Atlantic Ocean

(France & UK)

Pakistan
Karachi
Arabian Sea
Sea

Persian Gulf

Suez Canal

Strait of Dover

London (UK).

USA
New York (USA)
Gulf of Aden
Red Sea
Strait of Gibraltar

Suez canal Egypt Mediterranean

Atlantic Ocean
New York .

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03452833634
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KSA

Pakistan Studies
Air Transport:
Air transport is of recent origin in the development of transport system of a country. It is the gift of 20th century
to the world. The second world ware has stimulated the growth of air transport and it has made progress in the
recent years because it is the fastest way of transporting of goods. The transport of goods through airways is
costly and therefore it is designated to carry costly goods of small quantity. When goods or passengers are
carried by air, certain documents are issued because the carriage of Air Act, 1972 has made it obligatory.
Advantages
The following are some of the advantages of air transport:
I. High Speed:
Air transport is the fastest mode of transport and therefore suitable carriage of goods over a long distance
requiring less time. There is no substitute for air transport when the transport of goods is required urgently.
II. Quick Service:
Air transport provides comfortable, efficient and quick transport service. It is regarded as best mode of
transport
for
transporting
perishable
goods.
III. No Infrastructure Investment:
Air transport does not give emphasis on construction of tracks like railways. As no capital investment in
surface
track
is
needed,
it
is
a
less
costly
mode
of
transport.
IV. Easy Access:
Air transport is regarded as the only means of transport in those areas which are not easily accessible to other
modes of transport. It is therefore accessible to all areas regardless the obstruction of land.
V. No Physical Barrier:
Air transport is free from physical barriers because it follows the shortest and direct routes where seas,
mountains
and
forests
do
not
obstruct.
VI. Natural Route:
Aircrafts travels to any place without any natural obstacles or barriers. Because the custom formalities are
compiled
very
quickly.
It
avoids
delay
in
obtaining
clearance.
VII. National Defence:
It plays a significant role in the national defense of the country because modern wars are conducted with the
help of aero planes. Airways has a upper hand a destroying the enemy in a short period.
Disadvantages
Inspite of many advantages air transport has a number of disadvantages. These disadvantages are:

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03452833634
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Pakistan Studies
I. Risky:
Air transport is the most risky form of transport because a minor accident may put a substantial loss to the
goods, passengers and the crew. The chances of accidents are greater in comparison to other modes of
transport.
II. Very Costly:
Air transport is regarded as the costliest mode of transport. The operating cost of aero-planes are higher and
it involves a great deal of expenditure on the construction of aerodromes and aircraft. Because of this reason
the fare of air transport are so high that it becomes beyond the reach the common people.
III. Small Carrying Capacity:
The aircrafts have small carrying capacity and therefore these are not suitable for carrying bulky and cheaper
goods. the load capacity cannot be increased as it is found in case of rails.
IV. Unreliable:
Most of the air transport are uncertain and the unreliable because these are controlled by weather condition.
It is seriously affected by adverse weather conditions. Fog, snow and heavy rain weather may cause
cancellation of flights.
V. Huge Investment:
Air transport requires huge investment for construction and maintenance of aerodromes. It also requires
trained, experienced and skilled personnel which involves a substantial investment.

Written and Compiled By Sir Hamza Mohammad Ali

03452833634
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