List of people excommunicated by the Roman

Catholic Church
This is a list of some of the more notable people
excommunicated by the Catholic Church. It includes only
excommunications acknowledged or imposed by a decree
of the Pope or a bishop in communion with him. Latae
sententiae excommunications, those that automatically
aect classes of people (members of certain associations
or those who perform actions such as directly violating
the seal of confession[1] or carrying out an abortion),[2]
are not listed unless conrmed by a bishop or ecclesiastical tribunal with respect to certain individuals.

3 3rd century

In Roman Catholic canon law, excommunication is a

censure and thus a medicinal penalty intended to invite
the person to change behavior or attitude that incurred
the penalty, repent, and return to full communion.[3] Excommunication does not expel a Catholic from membership in the church; excommunicated Catholics are
still considered to be members of the church, and thus
considered bound by their obligations of membership
such as attending Mass or fasting seasonally. Excommunicated Catholics, however, are barred from receiving the Eucharist or from taking an active part in the
liturgy (reading, bringing the oerings, etc.) while under censure.[4]

4 4th century

Sabellius, originator of Sabellianism

Novatian, an early antipope who taught Novatianism
Paul of Samosata, excommunicated by a synod at
Antioch in 269
Marcellus of Ancyra

Arius, founder of Arianism

Roman Emperor Theodosius I was excommunicated by the bishop of Milan, Saint Ambrose, for
the Massacre of Thessaloniki.[8] After repentance,
penance and restitution, the Emperor was restored
to communion with the Church.[9]

5 5th century
Nestorius, proponent of Nestorianism

Eutyches, proponent of Monophysitism

1st century

Dioscorus I of Alexandria, who presided over the

robber council of Ephesus

Simon Magus, for whom simony was named

An unnamed Corinthian who had married a woman
who had been his fathers wife[5][6]

6 8th Century

Hymenaeus and Alexander, excommunicated by The heretic preachers Adalbert and Clement by a counPaul as recounted in 1 Timothy[7]
cil headed by St Boniface in 745. Adelberts excommunication was not upheld by Rome, however, although
Clements was.

2nd century
7 10th century

Valentinus, proponent of Gnosticism

In 998, Robert II of France, who had been insisting on his

right to appoint bishops, was ultimately forced to back
down, and ultimately also to put aside his wife Bertha
Montanus, originator of Montanism
of Burgundy who had also been excommunicated. The
Theodotus of Byzantium,
proponent of stated reason was the degree of consanguinity between
Adoptionism, excommunicated by Pope Vic- the two. By Pope Gregory V.[10] They had the marriage
tor I
annulled by Pope Sylvester II in 1000 and were reinstated.
Marcion of Sinope, originator of Marcionism

10 13TH CENTURY

11th century
Michael Cerularius, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, in 1054.
The legal validity of this excommunication has
been questioned as it was issued by legates of
Pope Leo IX after the Popes death. It was declared lifted on December 7, 1965.[11]
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Gregory
VII over the Investiture Controversy
Harold II, King of England, for perhaps politically
motivated reasons by Pope Alexander II in order to
justify the invasion and takeover of the kingdom by
William the Conqueror in 1066.[12]
Bolesaw II the Generous, Duke of Poland, was excommunicated in 1080 after murdering the bishop
Saint Stanislaus of Krakw.
Philip I of France, king of France, for repudiating
his marriage and remarrying, by Hugh, Archbishop
of Lyon and later rearmed by Pope Urban II.

12th century
Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor by Jordan, Archbishop of Milan in 1116 and ratied by Pope Paschal
II over the Investiture Controversy. Received back
into communion in 1122.

In 1170 Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Becket

excommunicated Roger de Pont L'vque, the archbishop of York, along with Gilbert Foliot, the bishop
of London, and Josceline de Bohon, the bishop of
Salisbury, for crowning the heir-apparent Henry at
York, thereby usurping Canterburys privileges. In
response to these excommunications, the heirs father, Henry II of England famously exclaimed words
that led to Beckets assassination.

10 13th century
King John of England, excommunicated in 1208 by
Pope Innocent III after refusing to accept Cardinal Stephen Langdon as the popes choice for Archbishop of Canterbury. John relented in 1213 and
was restored to communion.
King Afonso II of Portugal, excommunicated in
1212 by Pope Honorius III for weakening the clergy
and investing part of the large sums destined to the
Catholic Church in the unication of the country.
Afonso II promised to reconcile with the Church,
however, he died in 1223 without making any serious attempt to do so.
King Andrew II of Hungary, was excommunicated
in 1231 after not following the points of Golden Bull
of 1222, a seminal bill of rights, which contained
new dispositions related to the tithe and hostile practices against the Jews and Muslims of the realm.

William I of Sicily, by Pope Adrian IV, while the

king was waging war against the papal states and
raiding pilgrims on their way to the tombs of the
apostles.

Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, was excommunicated three times. The rst time by Pope Gregory
IX in 1227 for delaying his promise to begin the 5th
Crusade; the excommunication was lifted in 1229.
The same pope excommunicated him again in 1239
for making war against the Papal States, a censure
rescinded by the new pope, Celestine IV, who died
soon after. Frederick was again excommunicated
by Pope Innocent IV at the First Council of Lyons
in 1245. Frederick repented just before his death
and was absolved of the censure in 1250.

Ralph I, Count of Vermandois was said to have been

excommunicated in 1142 by Bishop Saint Ivo of
Chartres for repudiating his lawful wife and marrying another[14]

Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester was excommunicated in 1264 by Pope Clement IV for rebelling
against King Henry III of England during the Second
Barons War.[15] This was lifted in 1268.

Roger II of Sicily, was excommunicated under the

decrees of the Second Lateran Council in 1139

King Ladislaus IV of Hungary in 1279, by the popes

envoy Philip, for acting against the Catholic Church
and living in a pagan way with the Cumans.

Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor, by

Alexander III
Anselm V (Archbishop of Milan) by Pope Honorius
II[13]

Anacletus II, antipope

Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV, excommunicated
a second time by Pope Paschal II for refusing to abjure his claim to imperial investitures, posthumously
lifted in 1111

James II of Aragon, in 1286 by Pope Boniface VIII

for being crowned King of Sicily and thereby usurping a papal ef. His younger brother Frederick III
of Sicily was excommunicated for the same reason
in 1296.

3
Jacopo Colonna and Pietro Colonna, both cardinals, were excommunicated by Pope Boniface VIII
in the bull 'excelso throno' (1297) for refusing to
surrender their relative Stefano Colonna (who had
seized and robbed the popes nephew) and refusing
to give the pope Palestrina along with two fortresses,
which threatened the pope. This excommunication
was extended in the same year to Jacopos nephews
and their heirs, after the two Colonna cardinals denounced the popes election as invalid and appealed
to a general council.[16]
Eric VI of Denmark in 1298, by Pope Boniface
VIII, for imprisoning Archbishop of Lund, Jens
Grand.[16]
Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos of
Constantinople, by Pope Martin IV.
Peter III of Aragon, by Pope Martin IV

11

14th century

Antipopes at Avignon Clement VII and Benedict

XIII and their followers by proxy
Barnab Visconti, tyrant of Milan, by Blessed Urban V in 1363. This was later rescinded after Barnabo restored castles he had seized and peace was
concluded between him and the papal states.
Mercenary bands known as the 'free companies that
had overrun Italy and France were excommunicated
by Blessed Urban V in 1366. Included in this excommunication were the German Count of Landau
and the Englishman Sir John Hawkwood[17]
Pedro the Cruel of Navarre was excommunicated by
Blessed Urban V for his persecutions of clergy and
cruelty.[17]
King Philip the Fair of France in 1303 by Pope
Boniface VIII, for failing to respond adequately to
a papal letter regarding Philips eective rejection
of the popes temporal authority.
Ladislaus Kn, Hungarian noble regent of the region
of Transylvania that was excommunicated in 1309
by the popes envoy Gentilis for not handing over
the Holy Crown of Hungary, that was being kept illegally by him.
Matthew III Csk, Hungarian noble that was excommunicated in 1311 by the popes envoy Gentilis, for
not accepting the new King Charles I of Hungary.
Robert the Bruce, King of Scots 1306-1329, was
excommunicated following his killing of the Red
Comyn before the altar of the Greyfriars Church at
Dumfries in 1306.[18]

William de Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews.

David de Moravia, Bishop of Moray.
Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow.
Joanna I of Naples in 1378 by Pope Urban VI for her
support of Antipope Clement VII, support deemed
heretical by Urban.

12 15th century
Saint Joan of Arc was excommunicated by Bishop
Pierre Cauchon (even though he allowed her Holy
Communion immediately before her immolation)
on 30 May 1431. She was later fully reconciled to
the Catholic Church at her posthumous Trial of Nullication on 7 July 1456.
Jan Hus
Girolamo Savonarola, was an Italian Dominican
friar, excommunicated by Pope Alexander VI in
1497.[19]

13 16th century
Pietro Colonna in 1501 by Pope Alexander VI
James IV of Scotland in 1513 for breaking the
Treaty of Perpetual Peace with England.
Martin Luther in 1520 by Pope Leo X.
Henry VIII of England in 1533, ocially promulgated on 17 December 1538 by Pope Paul III.
Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury and
rst head of the Church of England.
Elizabeth I of England in 1570 by the papal bull
Regnans in Excelsis.
Thomas Erastus founder of Erastianism
Henry IV of France and Navarre, who famously retaliated by excommunicating the Pope. He later
converted to Catholicism and his excommunication
was lifted on 17 September 1595.
Giovanni Bentivoglio, leader of Bologna, in 1506 by
Julius II, while the pope was at war with him and
leading an army to take Bologna.
Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, by Julius II in
1510.
Discalced Carmelites in Spain who participated in
an illicit meeting to elect a provincial without approval, by the Popes legate in Spain Filippo Sega
in 1578[20] This was ignored by those excommunicated. It was formally revoked in 1579.[21]

17 20TH CENTURY
Carmelite nuns of the Monastery of the Encarnacion in Avila who refused to renounce St Teresa's
leadership of the convent, by the orders provincial,
after the church authorities ordered a replacement
in 1577.[22][23] This excommunication was revoked
later that year.[24]

14

17th century

Mikoaj Sapieha in approximately 1625 by Pope

Urban VIII; punishment for stealing a painting.
The excommunication was lifted in 1634 to allow
Sapieha to publicly oppose the suggested marriage
of Wadysaw IV Vasa and Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia.
Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma in 1641 by Pope
Urban VIII during the Wars of Castro.

15

18th century

Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor was threatened with

excommunication by Pope Clement XI on 16 June
1708[25]
Most important supporters of Jansenism, in the
1718 bull Pastoralis ocii
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Prigord, Bishop of
Autun, by Pope Pius VI

16

19th century

Napoleon was excommunicated June 10, 1809 by

Pope Pius VII for ordering the annexation of Rome
and a long period of anti-Papal orders.[26][27]
Stephen Kaminski, PNCC bishop, in 1898[28]
Francis Hodur member of PNCC[29]
Gregorio Aglipay Cruz y Labayan was a Roman Catholic priest who became the rst Filipino
Supreme Bishop of the Philippine Independent
Church, a new Protestant church. Excommunicated
in May 1899 by Archbishop of Manila Bernardino
Norzaleda y Villa.
Saint Mary MacKillop by Bishop Laurence Sheil in
1871.[30] Five months later, from his deathbed, Shiel
rescinded the excommunication.[31] An Episcopal
Commission later gave her a complete exoneration
and it has since been made clear that the excommunication was never valid under Canon Law.

Fr. Edward McGlynn was excommunicated in 1887

for opposing the establishment of parochial schools
believing that they were unnecessary. The excommunication was lifted in 1892.
Fr. Jos Mara Morelos, Fr. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Ignacio Allende, Juan Aldama, Mariano Abasolo and all of the Mexican Revolutionary Army
for disturbances of the public order, corrupting the
public, sacrilege [and] perjury in 1810.
King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy was excommunicated by Pope Pius IX when the king successfully
waged war against the Papal States, resulting in limiting the pope to Vatican City.[32]
Charles Loyson (name as a Carmelite: Hyacinthe)
was excommunicated in 1869 for leaving his
religious order after refusing to retract his protest
against the manner of convocation of the First Vatican Council.[33]
Colombian writer and atheist Jos Mara Vargas
Vila was excommunicated upon the publication his
novel Ibis (1900).[34]

17 20th century
Fidel Castro is reported to have been excommunicated by John XXIII in 1962 for aliating with the
Communist Party of Cuba, preaching communism
and supporting a communist government; the basis of the excommunication is supposed to have
been the 1949 Decree against Communism of Pope
Pius XII.[35] Other sources deny that there was
any such personal excommunication of the Cuban
leader.[36][37]
Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, Bishops Antonio de
Castro Meyer, Bernard Fellay, Bernard Tissier
de Mallerais, Richard Williamson and Alfonso de
Galarreta for the Ecne Consecrations (Society of
St. Pius X) without papal mandate. Formally
declared to have incurred latae sententiae excommunication by Cardinal Bernardin Gantin on July
1, 1988.[38][39] The excommunications of the latter four (the bishops consecrated in that 1988 ceremony) were lifted in 2009; the rst two (the consecrator and the co-consecrator) had died in the meantime.
Father Romolo Murri, a leader of the Italian
Catholic Democrats, for giving speeches against Papal policy[40]
Juan Pern, in 1955, after he signed a decree ordering the expulsion of Argentine bishops Manuel Tato
and Ramn Novoa[41][42]

5
All Catholics who participated in the creation of an
independent church in the Philippines, in 1902[43]
Alfred Loisy, a French cleric associated with
modernism.[44]
Leonard Feeney, a U.S. Jesuit priest who defended
the strict interpretation of the Roman Catholic doctrine "outside the Church there is no salvation", arguing that baptism of blood and baptism of desire
are unavailing. Feeney was later fully reconciled to
the Church before his death.
Marshal Josip Broz Tito and all Catholics who
participated in the trial of Archbishop Aloysius
Stepinac of Zagreb and the trial of Archbishop
Jozsef Mindszenty of Hungary, which included most
of the jury members.[45]
Feliksa Kozowska and the Mariavite movement in
December 1906 by St Pius X
Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, in 1968, by reason of
her marriage to Aristotle Onassis. Richard Cardinal Cushing, the Archbishop of Boston, attempted to
dispute it, but he was rebuked by the Vatican, which
pointed out that Mrs. Kennedy had not followed the
laws of the church and was barred from receiving
the sacraments.[46]
Plaquemines Parish President Leander Perez, Jackson G. Ricau (secretary of the Citizens Council of
South Louisiana) and Mrs. B.J. Gaillot, Jr., president of Save Our Nation, Inc., on April 16, 1962 by
Archbishop Joseph Rummel of the Archdiocese of
New Orleans. They were excommunicated for aggressively opposing the racial integration of Catholic
schools in the Archdiocese starting in the 1963-64
school year. Perez and Ricau were later reinstated
into the Church following public retractions.[47]
John Duryea, priest at Stanford University and in
Palo Alto, California, in 1976
Tissa Balasuriya, Sri Lankan Catholic priest, excommunicated in 1997 for his doctrinal views but
had this excommunication lifted a year later after
admitting perceptions of error, and agreeing to
submit all future writings to his bishops for their imprimatur.

18

21st century

Members of multiple organizations in the Roman

Catholic Diocese of Lincoln, Nebraska were excommunicated by Bishop Fabian Bruskewitz in March
1996 for promoting positions he deemed totally incompatible with the Catholic faith.[48] The organizations include Call to Action, Catholics for a Free
Choice, Planned Parenthood, the Hemlock Society,

the Freemasons, and the Society of St. Pius X.

The Vatican later conrmed the excommunication
of Call to Action members in November 2006.[48]
The Community of the Lady of All Nations for
heretical teachings and beliefs after a six-year investigation. The declaration was announced by
the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops on
September 12, 2007.[49]
Fr. Dale Fushek (also laicized by Pope Benedict
XVI 02/2010) and Fr. Mark Dippre. Former
Priests were issued a Decree of Excommunication
by Bishop Thomas J. Olmsted for operating an opposing ecclesial community in direct disobedience
to orders to refrain from public ministry.[50]
Fr. Marek Bozek (since laicized by Pope Benedict XVI), and the lay parish board members of
St. Stanislaus Kostka Church in St. Louis, Missouri in December 2005 were declared guilty of the
ecclesiastical crime of schism by then-Archbishop
Raymond Leo Burke.[51] Their excommunication
was ratied by the Vatican in May 2008. Four of the
parish board members have since reconciled with
the Church.
Both the doctors and the mother of the nine-yearold victim in the 2009 Brazilian girl abortion case
were said by Archbishop Jose Cardoso Sobrinho
of Olinda and Recife to have incurred an automatic excommunication. The victim had an abortion after being raped and impregnated by her
stepfather.[52][53] The National Conference of Bishops of Brazil contradicted Sobrinhos statement: it
declared that, in accordance with canon law, the
girls mother was not in fact excommunicated and
that there were no grounds for stating that any of the
doctors involved were in fact excommunicated.[54]
Disagreement with the Archbishops view of the
supposed excommunication was expressed also by
other bishops.[55][56]
Sr. Margaret McBride, a nun, for allowing an
abortion.[57] McBride later reconciled with the
Church and is no longer living in a state of excommunication.
In October 2012, the newspapers El Observador
and El Pas reported that all the Catholics who
promoted the abortion law in Uruguay were
excommunicated.[58][59] The newspaper Urgente24,
in spite of a headline stating that what it called the
abortionist lawmakers were excommunicated, explained in the body of the article that automatic excommunication applied only to someone who directly carried out an abortion.[60] The bishops website also explained that excommunication would automatically apply, under Canon Law 1398, only
to anyone carrying out an abortion, and not to
lawmakers.[61]

20
Fr. Roy Bourgeois (also laicized and dismissed from
the Maryknoll Fathers) for participating in the ordination of a woman.[62]

REFERENCES

[5] 1 Corinthians 5:1-8

[6] 1 Corinthians 5: Church Discipline
[7] 1 Timothy 1:20

Fr. Robert Marrone, by Bishop Richard Gerard

Lennon of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleve- [8] Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penland in Cleveland, Ohio for violating the terms of
guin Books, 1993. ISBN 0-14-051312-4.
his leave of absence. Marrone set up a worshipping
community (the Community of St. Peters) in a va- [9] http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/
cant warehouse and outside of a Catholic building
theodoret-ambrose1.asp.
or church after St. Peters Parish in Cleveland was
closed (it has since been reopened), in deance of [10] Eleanor Shipley Duckett, Death and Life in the Tenth Century, (University of Michigan Press, 1988), 130.
the bishop .[63]
Fr. Simon Lokodo, The Minister for Ethics and [11] Catholic-Orthodox Declaration. Vatican.va. 1965-1207. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
Integrity in Uganda, was excommunicated from
the Catholic Church by Pope Benedict XVI[64] [12] Johnny H (2010-09-24). 1066: The Pope in 1066:
when he entered politics in violation of Canon Law
William or Harold?". Santlache.blogspot.com. Retrieved
285.3[65][66]
2014-06-28.
Fr. Roberto Francisco Daniel, known by local community as Father Beto, by Bishop Caetano Ferrari, from Bauru, Brazil. Daniel was excommunicated because he refused a direct order from his
bishop to apologize for or retract his statement that
love was possible between people of the same sex.
The priest also said a married person who chose to
have an aair, heterosexual or otherwise, would not
be unfaithful as long as that persons spouse allowed
it.[67][68][69]

[13] catholic encyclopedia. Entry: Honorius II

Fr Greg Reynolds of Melbourne, Australia was excommunicated in 2013 for continuing to celebrate
Mass when not permitted, advocating the ordination
of women, and promoting same-sex marriage.[70]

[19] Catholic Encyclopedia

19

See also

List of excommunicated cardinals

Shunning

[14] catholic encyclopedia, entry Innocent II

[15] Sir Gilbert De Clare (1243 - 1295) - Find A Grave
Memorial. Findagrave.com. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
[16] catholic encyclopedia, entry Boniface VIII
[17] catholic encyclopedia, entry Urban VI
[18] BRITANNIA.COM

[20] Richard P. Hardy. The Life of St John of the Cross. London, 1982. p79
[21] Journey to Carith: The Sources and Story of the Discalced
Carmelites - Peter-Thomas Rohrbach - Google Books.
Books.google.com. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
[22] Richard P. Hardy. The Life of St John of the Cross. London, 1982. p61
[23] Outline of the Life of St Teresa of Avila. Ourgardenofcarmel.org. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
[24]

20

References

[1] Code of Canon Law, canon 1388

[2] Code of Canon Law, canon 1398
[3] Code of Canon Law, canon 1312. Vatican.va. Retrieved 2012-04-03.
[4] Even those who have joined another religion, have become atheists or agnostics, or have been excommunicated
remain Catholics. Excommunicates lose rights, such as
the right to the sacraments, but they are still bound to the
obligations of the law; their rights are restored when they
are reconciled through the remission of the penalty. New
Commentary on the Code of Canon Law, ed. by John P.
Beal, James A. Coriden, Thomas J. Green, Paulist Press,
2000, p. 63 (commentary on canon 11).

[25] Joaqun Lorenzo Villanueva, Misapprehension of Patrick

Curties and James Doyle concerning the oath which the
bishops of Ireland take to the Roman Ponti, (1825) page
64
[26] E. Hales, Napoleon and the Pope, (London:1962) pg
114
[27] Apostolic Letters, in the form of a Brief, by which Bonaparte, and all the authors, perpetrators, and abettors of
the usurpation of the Kingdom of Rome, and of the other
dominions belonging to the Holy See, are declared to be
excommunicated. PIUS VII. POPE. Ad perpetuam rei
Memoriam
[28] A BISHOP EXCOMMUNICATED.; Decree Against
the Rev. S. Kaminski, Independent Polish Church, Buffalo (PDF). The New York Times. October 18, 1898.

[29]
[30] Nun becomes rst Australian saint. Al Jazeera. 17 October 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
[31] Press, Margaret M. (1986). From Our Broken Toil
South Australian Catholics 1836 - 1906. The Catholic
Archdiocese of Adelaide. pp. 181193. ISBN 0 949807
35 4.
[32] Villari, Luigi (1911). Victor Emmanuel II. Encyclopdia Britannica (11th ed.). Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc.
[33] Aug, Claude, ed. (1898). Loyson, Charles. Nouveau
Larousse illustr (in French) 5. Paris: ditions Larousse.
p. 777.
[34] De Vargas Vila, ni paz en su tumba. El Colombiano.
Retrieved 2014-06-28.
[35] La excomunin de Fidel Castro cumple cincuenta aos.
ABC.es. 2 April 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
[36] Andrea Tornielli, The mystery of Fidel Castros excommunication in Vatican Insider, 2 March 2012
[37] The American Catholic, 01/03/1962: Pope John XXIII
excommunicated Fidel Castro
[38] Oce of Congregation for Bishops - Excommunication
[39] Apostolic Letter Ecclesia Dei"". Vatican.va. Retrieved
2014-06-28.
[40] PRIEST EXCOMMUNICATED.; Father Murri, Leader
of Italian Catholic Democrats, Cut O by Church. The
New York Times. March 23, 1909. Retrieved May 8,
2010.

[51] Archdiocese of St. Louis - Marek Bozek Dismissed from

the Clerical State. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
[52] Duy, Gary (March 5, 2009). Rape row sparks excommunications. BBC News.
[53] Vatican backs abortion row bishop. BBC News. March
7, 2009. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
[54] Nunes Leal, Luciana (13 March 2009). CNBB desautoriza iniciativa de bispo. O Estado de S.Paulo.
[55] L'Osservatore Romano: Dalla parte della bambina brasiliana
[56] Mgr di FALCO, vque de Gap, sur l'excommunication
au Brsil
[57] Clancy, Michael (May 19, 2010). Nun at St. Josephs
Hospital rebuked over abortion to save woman. Arizona
Republic.
[58] Iglesia dice que legisladores que votaron despenalizacin
quedan excomulgados. El Observador. 2012-10-18.
[59] Iglesia Catlica excomulg a quienes incentivaron la despenalizacin del aborto. El Pas. 2012-10-18.
[60] 1er medida de la Iglesia tras la despenalizacin del
aborto (in Spanish). Urgente24. 2012-10-18.
[61] Uruguay bishops clarify statement on excommunication
of lawmakers favoring abortion :: Catholic News Agency
(CNA)". Catholic News Agency. 2012-10-24. Retrieved
2014-06-28.
[62] Goodstein, Laurie (20 November 2012). Religion: Priest
Excommunicated for Ordaining a Woman. The New
York Times.

[41] Juan Peron - MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on

2009-11-01.

[63] Bishop Richard Lennon excommunicates the Rev. Robert

Marrone

[42] Juan Domingo Pern Encyclopedia.com

[64] Clerical Whispers: Pope res Fr. Lokodo from priesthood. Clericalwhispers.blogspot.se. 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2014-06-28.

[43] POPE ORDERS SHARP ACTION.; Archbishop of

Manila Instructed to Excommunicate Philippine National
Church Promoters. New York Times. New York, N.Y.:
Dec 29, 1902. pg. 7, 1 pgs.
[44] Reid, George. Higher Biblical Criticism, The Catholic
Encyclopedia, Vol. 4 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908).
[45] Mitja Velikonja. Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Texas A&M University
Press, 2003. (p. 198)
[46]
[47] The Role of Archbishop Joseph F. Loyno.edu. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
[48] Vatican conrms excommunication for US dissident
group Catholic World News (07 December 2006).
[49] Army of Mary excommunicated by the Vatican
[50]

[65] Canon 285.3

[66] Catholic Church leadership on trial. Independent.co.ug.
2013-03-28. Retrieved 2014-06-28.
[67] Priest who stands for homosexuals says hes honored for
being excommunicated in Portuguese
[68] English translation of the reference named Folha
[69] Fidelidade, Bissexualidade e a Igreja
[70] telegraph.co.uk

21

21
21.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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List of people excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20people%

20excommunicated%20by%20the%20Roman%20Catholic%20Church?oldid=649602344 Contributors: Bryan Derksen, William Avery,
Michael Hardy, Lquilter, Reboot, Ahoerstemeier, Julesd, JamesReyes, JASpencer, Charles Matthews, Saltine, Joy, Kenatipo, David Edgar,
Carnildo, Alan Liefting, Solipsist, Gugganij, Quadell, Antandrus, SamSim, Demiurge, Pmadrid, Jrp, Sfeldman, Discospinster, YUL89YYZ,
Pavel Vozenilek, Violetriga, Lima, Flxmghvgvk, Man vyi, Jbook, Mixcoatl, ADM, Kalgari, Fornadan, Goldom, Fritzpoll, Leoadec, KTC,
Woohookitty, Pol098, Kelisi, Edsmilde, Rjwilmsi, Lavishluau, Sharksn, Vegaswikian, Musical Linguist, Scottinglis, Str1977, BitterMan,
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