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Example 1
Answer
Call the impedance given by the top part of the circuit Z1 and the impedance
given by the bottom partZ2.
We see that Z1 = 70 + 60j and Z2 = 40 25j
So
ZT=Z1+Z2Z1Z2
=(70+60j)+(4025j)(70+60j)(4025j)
=110+35j(70+60j)(4025j)
(Adding complex numbers should be done in rectangular form.)
Now, we convert everything to polar form and then multiply and divide as
follows:
ZT=110+35j(70+60j)(4025j)
=115.417.65o(92.2040.60o)(47.1732.01o)
(We do the product on the top first.)
=115.417.65o(92.2047.17)(40.60o32.01o)
=115.417.65o4349.0748.59o
(Now we do the division.)
=115.44349.074(8.59o17.65o)
=37.699.06o
(We convert back to rectangular form.)
=37.225.93j
(When multiplying complex numbers in polar form, we multiply the r terms
(the numbers out the front) and add the angles. When dividing complex
numbers in polar form, we divide the r terms and subtract the angles. See
the Products and Quotients section for more information.)
So we conclude that the combined impedance is
ZT=375.9j
3.
Example 2
find
=(20040j)+(60+130j)(20040j)(60+130j)
=260+90j(20040j)(60+130j)
=(275.119.09)(204.011.31)(143.265.22)
=275.1204.0143.2(11.31+65.2219.09)
=106.234.82
=87.18+60.64j
So we conclude that the total impedance is
ZT=87.2+60.6j
b) We see from the second last line of our last answer that the phase angle
is 35.
c) Total line current:
We use
V = IZ,
the fact that the impedance is 106.234.82 and
the fact that the voltage supplied is 12V=120
V.
So
I=ZV
=106.234.82120
=0.11334.82A
4. Example 3
XC=2(60)(1.20106)1=2210.485
Z = R + j(X X )
1
=2205.2187.40
For Z2 (the lower part of the circuit), we have:
XC=2(60)(2.40106)1=1105.243
Z = R + j(X - X )
2
= 110 + j(1105.243)
=1110.784.32
So the total impedance, ZT, is given by:
ZT=Z1+Z2Z1Z2
=2103308.188j2449326.75171.72o
=3314.8586.37o2449326.75171.72o
=738.985.35o
This last line in rectangular form is ZT = 59.9 736.5j
Now:
IT=ZTVT
=738.985.35o1500o
=0.20385.35o
5. Example 1
Find (1 - 2j)6
Answer
First, we express 12j in polar form:
12+(2)2=5, and
arctan(12)=296.6o
So
12j=5 296.6o
Then
(12j)6=(5)6 [6296.6o]
=125 [1779.3903o]
=125 [339.39o]
(The last line is true because 3604=1440, and we substract this
from 1779.39.)
In rectangular form,
6. Example 3
r=(5)2+122=13
For the angle:
=tan1(xy)=tan1(512)67.38o
The complex number 5 + 12j is in the second quadrant, so
5+12j=13112.62
Using DeMoivre's Theorem:
(r)n=(rnn),
we have:
(5+12j)1/2
=131/2(21112.62)
=3.6156.31
This is the first square root. In rectangular form,
x = 3.61 cos56.31 = 2
y = 3.61 sin56.31 = 3
So the first root is 2 + 3j.
CHECK: (2 + 3j)2 = 4 + 12j - 9 = -5 + 12j [Checks OK]
To obtain the other square root, we apply the fact that if we need to
find n roots they will be n360o apart.
In this case, n=2, so our roots are 180 apart.
Adding 180 to our first root, we have:
7.
Exercises:
1. Evaluate (2135)8
Answer
(2135)8=(2)8(1358)
=2561080
=256
8.\ Example 1
Express 5(cos135+j
Answer
We have r=5 from the question.
We must express =135 in radians.
Recall:
1o=180
So
135o=180135
=43
2.36 radians
So we can write
=5e43j
5e2.36j
9.
=tan1(xy)=tan1(15)1.37 radians
[This is 78.7 if we were working in degrees.]
Because our angle is in the second quadrant, we need to apply:
=1.371.77
And
r=x2+y2
=(1)2+(5)2
=26
5.10
So 1+5j in exponential form is 5.10e1.77j
2.50e3.84j
Answer
We can immediately write:
radians=220,