Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
NAME OF TEST
HEMATOLOGY
Complete Blood
Count
January 20, 2015
---------------------February 3, 2015
INDICATION
NURSING
CONSIDERATIO ACTUAL RESULT
N
BEFORE THE
The findings in the TEST:
CBC give valuable Explain the
diagnostic
procedure to
information about
the mother
the hematologic
Tell mother
and other body
that the
systems,
procedure
prognosis,
requires a
response to
blood sample
treatment, and
Explain that
recovery.
the patient
might
(Manual of
experience
Laboratory &
slight
Diagnostic Tests
discomfort
by Fischbach, 7th Be aware
Edition p.46)
that
tourniquet
application
should be as
brief as
possible
when
drawing to
prevent
venous stasis
and
hemolysis.
Be aware
HEMOGLOBIN
77 (decrease)
--------------------107 (decrease)
NORMAL
FINDINGS
HEMOGLOBIN
116-140g/L
INTERPRETATIO
N / ANALYSIS
INTERPRETATI
ON:
There is a
decrease in
hemoglobin,
hematocrit, RBC
levels and an
increase in
platelet, WBC
and
Reticulocyte.
--------------------------There is a
decrease in
hemoglobin,
hematocrit
levels and an
increase in
platelet, WBC
and
Reticulocyte. The
RBC remained
normal
ANALYSIS:
HEMOGLOBIN
A decrease in
that
dehydration
and
Overhydratio
n can affect
the result.
AFTER THE
TEST:
Because the
client may
have a
coagulation
deficiency,
maintain
digital
pressure
directly on
the puncture
site for 3 to 5
minutes after
the needle is
withdrawn.
Inspect the
site for
excessive
bruising after
the
procedure.
If a
hematoma
develops at
the site,
apply warm
soaks.
Handle the
sample
HEMATOCRIT
0.24 (decrease)
--------------------0.33 (decrease)
HEMATOCRIT
0.35-0.41
RBC
3.37 (decrease)
--------------------4.24
RBC
3.6-5.0 x 10^12/L
Hemoglobin can
be caused by
anemia.
It can also be a
positive result
for carcinoma
since Anemia is
often associated
with chronic
diseases.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.374)
HEMATOCRIT
A decrease in
Hematocrit can
be caused by
anemia
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.369)
RBC
A decrease in
RBC can be
caused by
caused by
gently to
prevent
hemolysis
PLATELET
864 (increase)
-------------------689 (increase)
PLATELET
150-350 x 10^9/L
WBC
14.8 (increase)
-------------------16.6 (increase)
WBC
5-10 x 10^9/L
anemia.
It can also be a
positive result
for carcinoma
since Anemia is
often associated
with chronic
diseases.
It can also be a
result of can be
caused by
chemotherapy
because of
reduced RBC
survival.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.384)
PLATELET
Anemia and
Malignancies like
carcinoma are
conditions that
involve
inflammation
that activates
and increase the
number of
circulating
platelets.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.379)
RETICULOCYTE
3.5 (increase)
------------------1.9 (increase)
RETICULOCYTE
0.5-1.5%
WBC
Increase in WBC
can be a result
of pathological
conditions like
Anemia,
Malignancies like
carcinoma and
Infections which
ca trigger the
inflammatory or
infectious
response of the
body resulting in
abnormal WBC
production.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.399)
RETICULOCYTE
Increase in
Reticulocyte can
be caused
anemia which is
a condition that
HEMATOLOGY
Coagulation
Studies
January 20, 2015
---------------------February 3, 2015
It is performed
to evaluate the
Components
and
extrinsic/intrin
sic, pathways
of the
coagulation
sequence.
Identify the
possible cause
of abnormal
bleeding.
The tests are
performed to
BEFORE THE
TEST:
Explain the
procedure to
the mother
Tell the
mother that
the
procedure
requires a
blood sample
Explain that
the patient
might
experience
slight
discomfort
Be aware
result in
excessive RBC
loss or
destruction
stimulate a
compensatory
bone marrow
response by
increasing
production of
RBC.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.1043)
INTERPRETATI
ON:
There is an
increase in both
the Prothrombin
time and the
Partial
thromboplastin
time.
There is an
increase in the
Prothrombin
time while the
Partial
thromboplastin
time remained
normal.
determine
their functional
activity
or to diagnose
a hereditary
deficiency.
(Daviss
Comprehensiv
e Handbook of
Laboratory
and Diagnostic
Tests with
Nursing
Implications
3rd edition
pg.926 &1007)
that
tourniquet
application
should be as
brief as
possible
when
drawing to
prevent
venous stasis
and
hemolysis.
Be aware
that
dehydration
and
Overhydratio
n can affect
the result.
AFTER THE
TEST:
Because the
client may
have a
coagulation
deficiency,
maintain
digital
pressure
directly on
the puncture
site for 3 to 5
minutes after
the needle is
withdrawn.
Inspect the
ANALYSIS:
-------------------12.59 (increase)
PARTIAL
THROMBOPLASTIN
TIME (PTT)
36.80 (increase)
-------------------33.10
PARTIAL
THROMBOPLASTIN
TIME (PTT)
24.12 -35.58 secs
PROTHROMBIN
TIME (PT)
An increase or
prolonged in PT
can be a result
of liver disease
such as: Liver
cirrhosis,
hepatitis, liver
abscess and/or
cancer of the
liver.
(A look at
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 7th
edition pg.372)
PARTIAL
THROMBOPLASTI
N TIME (PTT)
An increase or
prolonged in PTT
can be a result
of severe liver
disease because
the clotting
factors made in
the liver,
decrease liver
function results
in decreased
production of
URIC ACID
January 20, 2015
site for
excessive
bruising after
the
procedure.
If a
hematoma
develops at
the site,
apply warm
soaks.
Handle the
sample
gently to
prevent
hemolysis
This test is
BEFORE THE
used to
TEST:
measure
Explain the
procedure to
serum levels of
the mother
uric acid, the
Tell the
major end
mother that
metabolite of
the
purine. This
procedure
helps to
requires a
confirm
blood sample
diagnosis of
gout and other Explain that
the patient
renal
might
dysfunction.
experience
slight
(Manual of
discomfort
Laboratory &
Be aware
Diagnostic
that
Tests by
tourniquet
clotting factors
and prolonged
PTT.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.927)
350.00
Fischbach, 7th
Edition, page
426)
application
should be as
brief as
possible
when
drawing to
prevent
venous stasis
and
hemolysis.
Be aware
that
dehydration
and
Overhydratio
n can affect
the result.
AFTER THE
TEST:
Because the
client may
have a
coagulation
deficiency,
maintain
digital
pressure
directly on
the puncture
site for 3 to 5
minutes after
the needle is
withdrawn.
Inspect the
site for
excessive
LACTATE
DEHYDROGEN
ASE
January 20,
2015
bruising after
the
procedure.
If a
hematoma
develops at
the site,
apply warm
soaks.
Handle the
sample
gently to
prevent
hemolysis
A LDH level
BEFORE THE
may be
TEST:
ordered, along Explain the
procedure to
with other
the mother
tests when a
Tell the
health
mother that
practitioner
the
suspects that a
procedure
disease or
requires a
condition is
blood sample
causing some
Explain that
degree of
the patient
might
cellular or
experience
tissue
slight
damage.
discomfort
To check
Be aware
isoenzyme
that
results to
tourniquet
determine
application
should be as
organ
brief as
involvement.
1112.00 (increase)
INTERPRETATI
ON:
There is big
elevation in the
LDH level.
ANALYSIS:
Elevated levels
of LDH usually
indicate some
type
of tissue damage
. LDH levels
typically will rise
as the cellular
destruction
begins. An
elevated level of
LDH may be
(A look at
Laboratory
and Diagnostic
Tests with
Nursing
Implications
7th edition
pg.275)
possible
when
drawing to
prevent
venous stasis
and
hemolysis.
Be aware
that
dehydration
and
Overhydratio
n can affect
the result.
AFTER THE
TEST:
Because the
client may
have a
coagulation
deficiency,
maintain
digital
pressure
directly on
the puncture
site for 3 to 5
minutes after
the needle is
withdrawn.
Inspect the
site for
excessive
bruising after
the
procedure.
seen in anemia
and liver
diseases such as
liver cancer,
hepatitis and
liver cirrhosis.
(A look at
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 7th
edition pg.275)
CREATININE
January 20,
2015
--------------------February 3,
2015
If a
hematoma
develops at
the site,
apply warm
soaks.
Handle the
sample
gently to
prevent
hemolysis
To determine
BEFORE THE
or assess renal TEST:
function before Explain the
procedure to
administration
the mother
of nephrotoxic
Tell the
drugs.
mother that
Assess known
the
or suspected
procedure
disorder
requires a
involving
blood sample
muscles.
Explain that
the patient
might
(Manual of
experience
Laboratory &
slight
Diagnostic
discomfort
Tests by
Fischbach, 7th Be aware
that
Edition, page
tourniquet
961)
application
should be as
brief as
possible
when
drawing to
28.00 (decrease)
--------------------19.00 (decrease)
INTERPRETATI
ON:
There is a
decrease in the
result of
Creatinine test.
ANALYSIS:
Decrease in
creatinine in the
blood can be
indicative of
severe liver
disease related
to fluid
retention.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.478)
prevent
venous stasis
and
hemolysis.
Be aware
that
dehydration
and
Overhydratio
n can affect
the result.
AFTER THE
TEST:
Because the
client may
have a
coagulation
deficiency,
maintain
digital
pressure
directly on
the puncture
site for 3 to 5
minutes after
the needle is
withdrawn.
Inspect the
site for
excessive
bruising after
the
procedure.
If a
hematoma
develops at
BLOOD
CHEMISTRY
January 20,
2015
----------------------February 3,
2015
Blood chemistry
testing identifies
many chemical
blood constituents.
It is often
necessary to
measure several
blood chemicals to
establish a pattern
of abnormalities. A
wide range of tests
can be grouped
under the headings
of enzymes,
electrolytes, blood
sugars, lipids,
hormones,
proteins, vitamins,
minerals, and drug
investigation.
(Nurses manual
of laboratory and
diagnostic tests,
4th Edition 2003,
the site,
apply warm
soaks.
Handle the
sample
gently to
prevent
hemolysis
BEFORE THE
TEST:
Explain the
procedure to
the mother
Tell the
mother that
the
procedure
requires a
blood sample
Explain that
the patient
might
experience
slight
discomfort
Be aware
that
tourniquet
application
should be as
brief as
possible
when
drawing to
prevent
TOTAL PROTEIN
78.00
-----------74.00
TOTAL PROTEIN
63.00 82.00 g/L
ALBUMIN
46.00
--------------27.00 (decrease)
ALBUMIN
35.00 50.00 g/L
GLOBULIN
32.00
------------30.00
GLOBULIN
28.00 32.00 g/L
A/G RATIO
1.50
--------------1.50
A/G RATIO
1.10 2.20 g/L
NORMAL
----------------------------INTERPRETATIO
N:
Everything remained
normal except for the
result of Albumin
which showed a
decrease.
ANALYSIS:
Decrease in albumin
in the blood can
indicate malnutrition
because of
insufficient intake or
an acute or chronic
liver disease due to
the decrease in the
liver synthesis.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
p. 321)
venous stasis
and
hemolysis.
Be aware
that
dehydration
and
Overhydratio
n can affect
the result.
AFTER THE
TEST:
Because the
client may
have a
coagulation
deficiency,
maintain
digital
pressure
directly on
the puncture
site for 3 to 5
minutes after
the needle is
withdrawn.
Inspect the
site for
excessive
bruising after
the
procedure.
If a
hematoma
develops at
the site,
Implications 3rd
edition pg.16)
BLOOD
CHEMISTRY
(ELECTROLYTE
S)
January 20,
2015
--------------------January 22,
2015
--------------------February 3,
2015
Blood chemistry
testing identifies
many chemical
blood constituents.
It is often
necessary to
measure several
blood chemicals to
establish a pattern
of abnormalities. A
wide range of tests
can be grouped
under the headings
of enzymes,
electrolytes, blood
sugars, lipids,
hormones,
proteins, vitamins,
minerals, and drug
investigation.
(Nurses manual
of laboratory and
diagnostic tests,
4th Edition 2003,
apply warm
soaks.
Handle the
sample
gently to
prevent
hemolysis
BEFORE THE
TEST:
Explain the
procedure to
the mother
Tell the
mother that
the
procedure
requires a
blood sample
Explain that
the patient
might
experience
slight
discomfort
Be aware
that
tourniquet
application
should be as
brief as
possible
when
drawing to
prevent
INTERPRETATI
ON:
There are
elevation in the
phosphorus
(Hyperphosphat
emia) , sodium
(Hypernatremia),
potassium
(Hyperkalemia),
calcium
(hypercalcemia)l
evels and a
decrease in the
chloride
(Hypochloremia)
level in the
blood.
-------------------------- All the
electrolyte
tested appeared
normal with an
exception of
phosphorus
where there is
an elevation,
p. 321)
venous stasis
and
hemolysis.
Be aware
that
dehydration
and
Overhydratio
n can affect
the result.
AFTER THE
TEST:
Because the
client may
have a
coagulation
deficiency,
maintain
digital
pressure
directly on
the puncture
site for 3 to 5
minutes after
the needle is
withdrawn.
Inspect the
site for
excessive
bruising after
the
procedure.
If a
hematoma
develops at
the site,
PHOSPHOROUS
2.08 (increase)
-------------------2.09 (increase)
------------------2.07 increase)
PHOSPHOROUS
0.81 1.45 mmol/L
Hyperphosphate
mia
------------------------- There are
elevation in the
phosphorus
(Hyperphosphat
emia),
potassium
(Hyperkalemia),
calcium
(hypercalcemia)l
evels and a
decrease in
sodium
(Hyponatremia).
The chloride
remains at
normal level.
ANALYSIS:
PHOSPHOROUS
SODIUM
SODIUM
Increase in
phosphorous in
the blood can be
indicative of
Lactic acidosis
which is an acidbase balance
which cause
intracellular
phosphorous to
move into to the
extracellular
fluid. This could
apply warm
soaks.
Handle the
sample
gently to
prevent
hemolysis
153.00 (increase)
-------------------138.00
------------------136.00 (decrease)
also be
indicative of liver
disease since
liver is the major
organ
responsible for
the breakdown
of lactic acid.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.777 &
940)
SODIUM
POTASSIUM
5.50 (increase)
-------------------4.40
POTASSIUM
3.50 5.10 mmol/L
Increase in
sodium in the
blood can
indicate lactic
acidosis. This
could also be
indicative of liver
disease since
liver is the major
organ
responsible for
the breakdown
of lactic acid.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.777 &
1065)
------------------5.30 (increase)
Decrease in
sodium in the
blood can be
secondary to
hepatic failure
due to the
hemodillution
related to fluid
retention.
(A look at
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 7th
edition pg.401)
CHLORIDE
97.00 (decrease)
-------------------103.00
------------------101.00
CHLORIDE
98.00 107.00 mmol/L
POTASSIUM
An increase in
the potassium
level in the blood
may signify that
there is acidosis
(metabolic or
lactic) since
intracellular
potassium are
expelled in
exchanged for
hydrogen loss in
order to achieve
CALCIUM
2.67 (increase)
-------------------2.52
------------------2.77 (increase)
CALCIUM
2.10 -2.55 mmol/L
electrical
neutrality.
It could also
signify hemolysis
that may cause
anemia. since
potassium is the
major
intracellular
cation.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.975)
CHLORIDE
A slight decrease
in chloride may
be a result of
diaphoresis
which is the
result of loss of
chloride without
replacement.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.306)
CALCIUM
Increase in
calcium levels in
the blood is an
indicative of of a
malignant
disease without
bone
involvement,
some cancers
produces PTH
related peptide
that increases
calcium levels.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.260)
BLOOD
CHEMISTRY
(LIVER
ENZYMES)
January 20,
2015
----------------------February 3,
2015
Blood chemistry
testing identifies
many chemical
blood constituents.
It is often
necessary to
measure several
blood chemicals to
establish a pattern
of abnormalities. A
wide range of tests
can be grouped
BEFORE THE
TEST:
Explain the
procedure to
the mother
Tell the
mother that
the
procedure
requires a
blood sample
Explain that
the patient
INTERPRETATI
ON:
There are
elevations in the
result of Total
bilirubin, Direct
bilirubin and
Aspartate
Aminotransferas
e/ The result of
Unconjugated
bilirubin, Alanine
Aminotransferas
(Nurses manual
of laboratory and
diagnostic tests,
4th Edition 2003,
p. 321)
might
experience
slight
discomfort
Be aware
that
tourniquet
application
should be as
brief as
possible
when
drawing to
prevent
venous stasis
and
hemolysis.
Be aware
that
dehydration
and
Overhydratio
n can affect
the result.
AFTER THE
TEST:
Because the
client may
have a
coagulation
deficiency,
maintain
digital
pressure
directly on
the puncture
TOTAL BILIRUBIN
26.00 (increase)
-----------------25.00 (increase)
TOTAL BILIRUBIN
3.00 - 22.00 umol/L
e and Alkaline
phosphatase
remained
normal.
-------------------------- There are
elevations in the
result of Total
bilirubin, Direct
bilirubin and the
results for
Alanine
Aminotransferas
e and
Unconjugated
bilirubin
remained
normal. There is
no test result for
Alkaline
phosphatase and
Aspartate
Aminotransferas
e on February 3,
2015
ANALYSIS:
TOTAL BILIRUBIN
Increase in the
total bilirubin
level may
indicate hepatic
jaundice in
relation
hepatocellular
site for 3 to 5
minutes after
the needle is
withdrawn.
Inspect the
site for
excessive
bruising after
the
procedure.
If a
hematoma
develops at
the site,
apply warm
soaks.
Handle the
sample
gently to
prevent
hemolysis
DIRECT BILIRUBIN
9.00 (increase)
----------------9.00 (increase)
UNCONJUGATED
BILIRUBIN
17.00
------------------
DIRECT BILIRUBIN
0 3 umol/L
UNCONJUGATED
BILIRUBIN
0 - 19 umol/L
damage; liver
damage or
necrosis which
interferes with
the excretion
into the bile duct
resulting in the
accumulation of
bilirubin.
It could also be a
result of
Posthepatic
jaundice which
can indicate liver
tumor.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.165)
DIRECT
BILIRUBIN
Increase in the
total bilirubin
level may
indicate hepatic
jaundice in
relation
hepatocellular
damage; liver
damage or
necrosis which
interferes with
the excretion
16.00
ALANINE
AMINOTRANSFERAS
E
9.00
--------------------14.00
ALKALINE
PHOSPHATASE
91.00
------------No follow up
ASPARTATE
AMINOTRANSFERAS
E
85.00 (increase)
-----------------No follow up
ALANINE
AMINOTRANSFER
ASE
NORMAL
ALKALINE
PHOSPHATASE
NORMAL
ASPARTATE
AMINOTRANSFER
ASE
ANTI-HUMAN
GLOBULIN
TEST
(COOMBS)
Direct:
To detect
antibodies in
the RBC.
January 20,
2015
Indirect:
To check the
recipients
and the
donors blood
BEFORE THE
TEST:
Explain the
procedure to
the mother
Tell the
mother that
the
procedure
requires a
DIRECT
Negative
DIRECT
Negative
INDIRECT
Negative
INDIRECT
Negative
There is a
moderate
increase in the
result of AST,
since AST is
released from
any damaged
cells in which it
is stored it can
indicates the
presence of Liver
Tumor.
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.150)
NORMAL
NORMAL
for
antibodies
prior to
blood
transfusion
(A look at
Laboratory
and Diagnostic
Tests with
Nursing
Implications
7th edition
pg.132-134)
blood sample
Ex plain that
the patient
might
experience
slight
discomfort
Be aware
that
tourniquet
application
should be as
brief as
possible
when
drawing to
prevent
venous stasis
and
hemolysis.
Be aware
that
dehydration
and
Overhydratio
n can affect
the result.
AFTER THE
TEST:
Because the
client may
have a
coagulation
deficiency,
maintain
digital
IMMUNOLOGY
Assist in
ALPHA
FETO diagnosis of
PROTEIN
primary
hepatocellular
January
20,
carcinoma or
2015
metastatic
lesions
involving the
liver.
(Daviss
Comprehensiv
pressure
directly on
the puncture
site for 3 to 5
minutes after
the needle is
withdrawn.
Inspect the
site for
excessive
bruising after
the
procedure.
If a
hematoma
develops at
the site,
apply warm
soaks.
Handle the
sample
gently to
prevent
hemolysis
BEFORE THE
TEST:
Explain the
procedure to
the mother
Tell the
mother that
the
procedure
requires a
blood sample
Ex plain that
the patient
INTERPRETATI
ON:
There is a
significantly high
elevation in the
AFP level.
ANALYSIS:
Since the
cancer cells
contain
undifferentiated
hepatocytes that
produce
e Handbook of
Laboratory
and Diagnostic
Tests with
Nursing
Implications
3rd edition
pg.614)
might
experience
slight
discomfort
Be aware
that
tourniquet
application
should be as
brief as
possible
when
drawing to
prevent
venous stasis
and
hemolysis.
Be aware
that
dehydration
and
Overhydratio
n can affect
the result.
AFTER THE
TEST:
Because the
client may
have a
coagulation
deficiency,
maintain
digital
pressure
directly on
the puncture
glycoprotein of
fetal origin.
Increase in the
AFP indicates
hepatic
carcinoma or
metastatic
lesions involving
the liver
(Daviss
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.614)
BETA- HUMAN
CHORIONIC
GONADOTROPI
N
February
2015
Assists in
diagnosing
HCG-producing
tumors.
5, (A look at
Laboratory
and Diagnostic
Tests with
Nursing
Implications
7th edition
pg.238)
site for 3 to 5
minutes after
the needle is
withdrawn.
Inspect the
site for
excessive
bruising after
the
procedure.
If a
hematoma
develops at
the site,
apply warm
soaks.
Handle the
sample
gently to
prevent
hemolysis
BEFORE THE
TEST:
Explain the
procedure to
the mother
Tell the
mother that
the
procedure
requires a
blood sample
Ex plain that
the patient
might
experience
slight
4.13 (increase)
INTERPRETATI
ON:
There is a
significantly high
elevation in the
BHCG level.
ANALYSIS:
Elevation in the
BCGH result may
indicate the
presence of
HCG-producing
tumors,
including liver
tumor.
(Daviss
discomfort
Be aware
that
tourniquet
application
should be as
brief as
possible
when
drawing to
prevent
venous stasis
and
hemolysis.
Be aware
that
dehydration
and
Overhydratio
n can affect
the result.
AFTER THE
TEST:
Because the
client may
have a
coagulation
deficiency,
maintain
digital
pressure
directly on
the puncture
site for 3 to 5
minutes after
the needle is
Comprehensive
Handbook of
Laboratory and
Diagnostic Tests
with Nursing
Implications 3rd
edition pg.716)
withdrawn.
Inspect the
site for
excessive
bruising after
the
procedure.
If a
hematoma
develops at
the site,
apply warm
soaks.
Handle the
sample
gently to
prevent
hemolysis