Master

of Computer Science & IT

(MCIT)
Fall Semester 2013
Elec1ve Course (CT-531)
Wireless & Mobile Communica:on

Lecture 3
Dr. Muhammad Mubashir Khan
mmkhan@neduet.edu.pk
September 2013
Department of Computer Science & IT, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi

Cellular Network
Mobile radio telephone system was based on:
High power transmiSer/receivers
Could support about 25 channels
in a radius of 80 Km

To increase network capacity:

Mul1ple low-power transmiSers (100W or less)
Small transmission radius -> area split in cells
Each cell with its own frequencies and base sta1on
Adjacent cells use dierent frequencies
The same frequency can be reused at sucient distance
Implica1ons on mobile handsets

Cell Design Op1ons

Simplest layout
Adjacent antennas not equidistant
how do you handle users at the
edge of the cell?

Ideal layout
But we know signals
travel whatever way they fell like

The Hexagon PaSern

A hexagon paSern can

provide equidistant access to
neighboring cell towers
d = 3 R
In prac1ce, varia1ons
from ideal due to
topological reasons
Signal propaga1on
Tower placement

Cell PaSern Constraints

Each cell features one base transceiver
Through power control cover the cell area while
limi1ng the power leaking to other co-frequency
Cells
Frequency reuse not possible for adjacent towers!
The number of frequency bands assigned to a cell
dependent on its trac

Cellular Network (Frequency Reuse)

D minimum distance between centers of co-channel cells

R radius of cell
d distance between centers of adjacent cells
N number of cells in a repe11ous paSern, i.e. reuse factor

Following rela1onship holds

D

4
5

Handover: Automa1c channel change

when moving from one cell to
another during ongoing conversa1on.

3
2

3
2
1
6
4

7
3

3
4
5
2

1
6
4

2
7
3

Capacity of a Cellular Network

S Total # of duplex channels available for use
k Total # of duplex channels per cell
N Cluster of cells which collec1vely use the
complete set of available frequencies

If a cluster is replicated M 1mes within the system,

the total # of duplex channels C can be used as a
measure of capacity

Tradeos